JP7494245B2 - Cd47及びegfrの二重標的化による癌治療 - Google Patents
Cd47及びegfrの二重標的化による癌治療 Download PDFInfo
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Description
抗CD47剤。CD47は、単一のIg様ドメインと5つの膜貫通領域とを含んでなる、広範に発現する膜貫通糖タンパク質である。SIRPα用の細胞性リガンドとして機能する。その結合は、SIRPαのNH2 末端のV様ドメインによって媒介される。SIRPαは、主として、骨髄性細胞、例えばマクロファージ、顆粒球、骨髄性樹状細胞(DC)、マスト細胞、及びその前駆体、例えば造血幹細胞上に発現する。CD47の結合を媒介するSIRPαに対する構造判定については、Lee et al.(2007)J.Immunol.179:7741-7750;Hatherley et al.(2008) Mol Cell.31(2):266-77;Hatherley et al.(2007)J.B.C.282:14567-75によって論説されている一方、CD47の結合におけるSIRPαシス二量体化の役割については、Lee et al.(2010)J.B.C.285:37953-63によって論説されている。正常細胞の食作用を阻害するCD47の役割と対応して証拠立てられているのは、造血幹細胞(HSC)及び前駆細胞に対し、これらの細胞の移行段階の直前及び移行段階中に、過渡的な上方制御が行われること、ならびに、これらの細胞上のCD47のレベルが、これらの細胞がインビボで包摂される確率を決定する、という点である。
ORRは、腫瘍サイズが所定量だけ減少し、最小限度の時間を対象とした、患者の比率として定義される。奏効の持続期間は通常、初期奏効の時点から腫瘍の進行が記録された時点までの測定値である。概して、FDAは部分奏効と完全奏効とを合算した合計として、ORRを定義した。このように定義されている場合、ORRは、単群研究において評価できる、薬物抗腫瘍活性の直接的測定値である。
TTP及びPFSは、薬物承認のための主要評価項目としての機能を果たしている。TTPは、無作為化から客観的な腫瘍の進行として定義され、TTPには死が包含されない。PFSが、無作為化から客観的な腫瘍の進行または死までの時間として定義される。腫瘍進行の正確な定義は重要であり、プロトコールで慎重に詳述すべきである。
(i)CD47の活性を遮断する薬剤と、(ii)EGFRに対し特異的に結合する抗体とを併用して、標的細胞に接触することを含むレジメンにおいて、特に、EGFRを発現する上皮癌(例えば、腺癌、結腸直腸癌、扁平上皮細胞癌、基底細胞癌、卵巣癌、膵臓癌、乳癌、NSCLC、EGFRを発現する神経膠腫などを対象とした、原発性癌もしくは転移性癌を治療または軽減する方法が提供されている。そのような方法は、治療を必要とする被験者に対し、本試薬と、化学療法薬、放射線療法またはESAとの組み合わせを含むが、これらに限定されない治療有効量もしくは有効用量の本発明の併用薬剤を投与することを含む。
実施例1
CD47遮断と抗EGFRとを併用した、結腸直腸癌の治療
これまで全ての方法を記述してきたが、それらの参考文献は、本明細書において特に参照により援用されている。
・ Dalerba,P.,S.J.Dylla,Et Al.(2007).”Phenotypic Characterization Of Human Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells.”Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(24):10158-10163.
・ Weiskopf,K.,A.M.Ring,Et Al.(2013)が包含される。”Engineered Sirp alpha Variants As Immunotherapeutic Adjuvants To Anticancer Antibodies.”Science 341(6141):88-91.
・ Willingham,S.B.,J.P.Volkmer,Et Al.(2012).”The Cd47-Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha(Sirpa)Interaction Is A Therapeutic Target For Human Solid Tumors.”Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(17):6662-6667.
・ Epigentic and genetic features of 24 colon cancer cell lines,Ahmed et al.,Oncogenesis,2013
DLD1細胞(ATCC)、HT29細胞(ATCC)、SW620細胞(ATCC)、SW48細胞(ATCC)、LS174T細胞(ATCC)、HCT116細胞(ATCC)、及びCACO-2細胞(ATCC)は、RPMI(ThermoFisher S製)(DLD1)、EMEM(ThermoFisher S製)(CACO-2、LS174T)、マッコイ5A(ThermoFisher S製)(HT29、HCT116)、またはライボビッツL-15(ThermoFisher S製)(SW48、SW620)中に、10%ウシ胎仔血清(Omega Scientific製)、ペニシリン100U/mL及びストレプトマイシン100μg/mL(ThermoFisher S製)を補給して、培養された。eGFPルシフェラーゼ2(pgl4)融合タンパク質を発現するようにエンジニアリングされたpCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1 puro HIVベースのレンチウイルスベクター(Systems Biosciences製)を使用して、GFPルシフェラーゼ+DLD1細胞系列を形質導入によって生成した。FACSAria II細胞ソーター(BD Biosciences製)上でGFP発現用にソーティングを行い、安定な系統を作成した。UM8患者の異種移植癌細胞(腺癌、S状結腸、T3N0Mx)は、以前にその特徴付け及び確立を行ったP.Dalerbaから得られたものである(Dalerba,P.,S.J.Dylla,Et Al.(2007)。”Phenotypic Characterization Of Human Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells.”Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(24):10158-10163)。腫瘍細胞に、ポリブレン6μg/mL含有の培地中でレンチウイルスを一晩形質導入した。翌日、細胞を繰り返し洗浄して、ポリブレン及び細胞外レンチウイルスを取り除いた。形質導入された(GFP+)細胞は後に、FACSによって異種移植腫瘍から単離された。
末梢血単核細胞を密度勾配遠心分離によって富化し、単球を抗CD14マイクロビーズ(Miltenyi製)で精製し、10%のABヒト血清(Invitrogen製)ならびにペニシリン100U/mL及びストレプトマイシン100μg/mL(Invitrogen製)を補給したIMDM+GlutaMax(Invitrogen製)中で7~10日間にわたる培養によってマクロファージに分化させた。50,000マクロファージと100,000GFP+腫瘍細胞を2時間共培養し、次いで、LSR Fortessaセルアナライザー)及び高スループットサンプラー(BD Biosciences製)を使用した分析によって食作用アッセイを実施した。治療に使用された抗体としては、以下が挙げられる。IgG4アイソタイプ対照、抗CD47クローンHu5F9-G4(Stanford製)、及び抗EGFRセツキシマブ(Bristoll-Myers Squibb製)。抗CD206抗体を使用し、フローサイトメトリーによって、マクロファージを同定した。死滅細胞をDAPI(Sigma製)で染色して分析の対象から除外した。食作用をGFP+マクロファージの百分率として評価し、個別のドナー毎に各細胞系列に対して最大限の奏効に正規化した。
6~8週齢のNSG(NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ)マウスを用いた。これらのマウスのStanfordコロニーは、Jackson Labs(Stock 005557)から購入されたマウスに基づいて作られた。
IVIS Spectrum(Caliper Life Science製)で生物発光イメージングを実行し、Living Image 4.0ソフトウェアを使用して定量化した。D-ルシフェリン(ホタル)カリウム塩(Biosynth製)1gをPBS60mL中に溶解して、溶液を調製した。マウスにルシフェリン溶液200μLを腹腔内注射した。ルシフェリンを注射してから20分後に、腫瘍移植の解剖学的領域から総フラックス(光子/秒)値を得た。
DFC500カメラ(Leica製)付属のM205 FA蛍光解剖顕微鏡(Leica製)を使用して肺及びリンパ節内のGFP+癌細胞を検出することによって、肺及びリンパ節への転移を明視化した。
GFPルシフェラーゼ50,000個+DLD1細胞またはGFPルシフェラーゼ240,000個+UM8細胞を、50%マトリゲル(BD製)と共に、NSGマウスの背中に移植した。両方のモデルにおいて、生物発光イメージングで腫瘍生着を確認した際に、治療を開始し、指示どおりに続行した。全ての治療において、腹腔内注射で(100μl)抗体を投与した。内訳は次のとおりである。1日おきにPBS及びHu5F9-G4(250μg)を、週に一度セツキシマブ(120μg)及びパニツムマブ(120μg)。腫瘍増殖を、生物発光イメージングでモニターした。DLD1モデルマウスで、指示された治療期間の完了後に、蛍光解剖顕微鏡を用いて肺及びリンパ節内のGFP+癌細胞を検出することによって、肺及びリンパ節転移の存在を分析した。
固形腫瘍及び進行性・転移性の結腸直腸癌患者においてHu5F9-G4とセツキシマブとを併用した、第1b/2相治験
米国においてCRCは、20%の患者が転移性疾患を有する癌関連死の主要原因の第3位を占める。治療選択肢は、フロントライン治療が効を奏さなかった転移性CRC患者のみを対象としている。ゆえに、必要とされるのは、新規且つ効果的な療法である。Hu5F9-G4は、癌幹細胞上で抗貪食シグナルを発現し、マクロファージ及びT細胞誘発性の排除によってCRC及び癌幹細胞を枯渇させて、抗腫瘍効果を達成する、ファースト・イン・クラスのモノクローナル抗体標的CD47である。前臨床研究で、Hu5F9-G4を、臨床的に承認された抗EGFRモノクローナル抗体セツキシマブと併用した場合の、劇的及び相乗的な抗腫瘍効果が、実証された。この相乗的効能は、KRAS変異体患者に対して発揮されるが、全てのCRC患者の最高40%は治療選択肢が限定されており、単剤セツキシマブは抗腫瘍活性の欠如を理由にFDAの認可を受けていない。ゆえに、Hu5F9-G4は、この母集団におけるセツキシマブ活性を救済し増強できるが、高い医療ニーズへの対応はなされていない。これらの前臨床データ形態は、再発/不応性KRAS変異体の転移性CRC、及び抗EGFR療法に不応性のKRAS野生型転移性患者において、提案された第1b相/第2相の臨床試験での、臨床上の抗腫瘍の概念実証を試験するための基礎を成すものである。
1.成人≧18歳
2.組織学的診断
a.第1b相のみ:以前の全身療法の少なくとも1つのレジメンで治療を受けたか、全身療法を拒否していて、且つ利用可能な治癒療法がない患者を対象に、CRC、頭頸部、乳癌、膵癌及び卵巣癌に重点を置いて、組織学的にまたは細胞学的に確証された、進行性固形悪性腫瘍
b.第2相RASの突然変異によるCRC:組織学的に確認された進行性/転移性RASの突然変異によるCRCで、進行したかイリノテカン及びオキサリプラチンの両方に基づく化学療法に対して不適格なCRC、または
c.第2相RAS野性型CRC:組織学的に確認された進行性/転移性RAS野生型CRCで、進行したかまたはイリノテカン及びオキサリプラチンの両方をベースとした化学療法に対して不適格であり、再発したか、抗EGFR抗体(例えば、セツキシマブ、パニツムマブまたはその他)を含めた少なくとも1つの以前の全身療法に不応性のCRC
3.ECOGスコア0~2
4.第2相パートのみの場合:RECIST1.1に準じて、奏効に関して測定可能または評価可能である疾患
5.実験測定値、血球数:
ヘモグロビン≧9.5g/dL
ANC≧1.0×109 /mL
血小板≧75×109 /mL
6.実験測定値、肝機能:
AST/ALT≦5X ULN
ビリルビン≦1.5X ULNまたは3.0X ULN、及び専ら非共役性(患者についてギルバート症候群または遺伝的同等な既往歴が文書化されている場合)
7.実験測定値、腎機能:
血清クレアチニン≦1.5X ULN、またはそれを超えて上昇した場合、GFR≦40mL/分/1.73m2 と計算された。
8.妊娠の可能性がある女性の場合、Hu5F9-G4投与前の30日以内に、尿または血清妊娠試験で陰性であった。
9.妊娠の可能性がある女性に対し、研究中に2通りの効果的な避妊方法を敢えて用いることを義務付ける。被験薬の最終投与後6か月間にわたってこの方法を継続する。
10.パートナーの女性が妊娠の可能性がある場合、男性に対し研究中に1つの著効な避妊方法を進んで用いることを義務付ける。被験薬の最終投与後6か月間にわたってこの方法を継続する。
11.被験者がインフォームドコンセントを提供した。
12.診療所への通院、及び研究プロトコールに概説されている手順に準拠することが可能であり、それを義務付けることに前向きである。
13.第2相のみ:治験責任医師が(利用できる腫瘍組織がないこと、生検及び患者の安全性の問題を含むが、これに限定されない理由で)実行不可能であると判断した場合を除き、1回の必須の前治療、及び1回の腫瘍生検に進んで同意する。
1.活性な脳転移を有する患者(CNS病変が治療済みで安定している患者は、コルチコステロイド及び放射線療法を少なくとも3週間中止していて、活性であるとは見なされない)。
2.化学療法、ホルモン療法、を含む前抗癌療法、またはHu5F9-G4の投与に先立って治験薬を2週間以内または少なくとも4半減期以内の長い方(最大4週間まで)。限局性の非CNS放射線療法、LHRHアゴニストによるホルモン療法の既往、低用量ステロイド(経口プレドニゾン、または等価用量≦20mg/日)、ビスホスホネート及びRANKL阻害剤による治療は、除外の基準でない。
3.CD47またはSIRPα標的薬剤による前治療。
4.公知の活性または慢性の、肝炎BもしくはC感染、またはHIV。
5.Hu5F9-G4の初回投与に先立つ4週間の期間にわたって、3単位以上のRBC輸血を必要とするものとして定義される、RBC輸血依存症。ヘモグロビン組み入れ基準を満たす目的から、スクリーニング中及び登録に先立って、RBC輸血が許可される。
6.過去3か月における溶血性貧血またはエバンス症候群の病歴。
7.第2相のみ:第2の悪性腫瘍(治療済の基底細胞または限局性の扁平上皮皮膚癌を除く)、または他の悪性病変で、治療が少なくとも3年前に完了していて再発の所見が認められていないもの。
8.治験責任医師及び治験依頼者によって評価された重大な医学的疾患または病態で、本研究に関与するリスク対効果比を実質的に増大させるもの。これには、限定されないが、過去6か月以内の急性心筋梗塞、不安定狭心症、非管理状態の真性糖尿病、重大な活動性感染、重篤な免疫不全状態、及び鬱血性心不全(NYHA分類II~IV度)が含まれる。
9.プロトコール要件を遵守する能力もしくはインフォームドコンセントを提供する能力を妨げる可能性が高い、精神疾患または薬物乱用の病歴
10.妊娠または授乳中。
11.陽性の直接抗グロブリン試験(DAT)。
本出願は、2016年8月26日出願された米国仮特許出願第62/380,177号、及び2015年12月11日出願された同第62/266,470号に対する利益及び優先権を主張するものであり、これらの出願の全容は、本明細書において参照により援用されている。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所によって締結された契約CA139490の下で、政府の支援を受けて為されたものである。政府は本発明において特定の権利を有する。
Claims (10)
- EGFRを発現する結腸直腸癌細胞を標的化する、ヒト患者における癌細胞枯渇用の薬学的組成物であって、
(i)CD47とSIRPαとの間の相互作用を減じ、抗SIRPα抗体及び高親和性SIRPαポリペプチドから選択される抗CD47剤、ならびに(ii)前記ヒト患者における標的細胞の枯渇を増大させるための有効量にてEGFRに対し特異的に結合する抗体を含み、
前記標的細胞は、KRAS、NRAS及びBRAFのうちの1つ以上に活性化突然変異を有する
薬学的組成物。 - 前記高親和性SIRPαポリペプチドは、膜貫通ドメインが欠失し、野生型SIRPα配列に対して相対的に少なくとも1つのアミノ酸変化を含む高親和性可溶性SIRPαポリペプチドである、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記抗CD47剤は、抗SIRPα抗体である、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- EGFRに対し特異的に結合する前記抗体はEGFRシグナル伝達経路のアンタゴニストである、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- EGFRに対し特異的に結合する前記抗体はEGFRシグナル伝達経路の非アンタゴニストである、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- EGFRに対し特異的に結合する前記抗体はヒト化抗体である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 初回抗原刺激量の抗CD47抗体を更に含む、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 初回抗原刺激量のエリスロポエチン刺激剤を更に含む、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- EGFRに対し特異的に結合する前記抗体は、セツキシマブ、パニツムマブ、ニモツズマブ、ザルツムマブ及びマツヅマブからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記抗CD47剤は、少なくとも0.01mg/kg、最高100mg/kgの用量にて投与される、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
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US20190322751A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
WO2017100462A2 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
JP2022116095A (ja) | 2022-08-09 |
EP3386545A2 (en) | 2018-10-17 |
US10344094B2 (en) | 2019-07-09 |
CA3005911A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
AU2016365829B2 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
US11130813B2 (en) | 2021-09-28 |
KR20180083895A (ko) | 2018-07-23 |
AU2016365829A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
US20220033506A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
JP2019505485A (ja) | 2019-02-28 |
US12037402B2 (en) | 2024-07-16 |
US20170166645A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
AU2023201938A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
CN115569192A (zh) | 2023-01-06 |
AU2020202712B2 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
JP7077226B2 (ja) | 2022-05-30 |
CN108367073A (zh) | 2018-08-03 |
AU2020202712A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
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