JP7475338B2 - ガス状ヨウ素の吸着及び捕獲のための微粒子リン酸銀系多孔質無機材料、その調製方法、並びにその使用 - Google Patents
ガス状ヨウ素の吸着及び捕獲のための微粒子リン酸銀系多孔質無機材料、その調製方法、並びにその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7475338B2 JP7475338B2 JP2021516732A JP2021516732A JP7475338B2 JP 7475338 B2 JP7475338 B2 JP 7475338B2 JP 2021516732 A JP2021516732 A JP 2021516732A JP 2021516732 A JP2021516732 A JP 2021516732A JP 7475338 B2 JP7475338 B2 JP 7475338B2
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- Prior art keywords
- iodine
- silver
- aqueous solution
- beads
- gaseous effluent
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- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 25
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229910000161 silver phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229940019931 silver phosphate Drugs 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-NJFSPNSNSA-N iodine-129 atom Chemical group [129I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical class O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YAMJITULHOEKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N B([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ag+3] Chemical compound B([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ag+3] YAMJITULHOEKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- QEKREONBSFPWTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilver dioxido(dioxo)tungsten Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O QEKREONBSFPWTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJKANDGLELGDHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilver;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O OJKANDGLELGDHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ga]O[Ga]=O QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
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- MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L potassium alginate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- MSXHSNHNTORCAW-WTFUTCKNSA-M sodium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].O[C@@H]1O[C@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSXHSNHNTORCAW-WTFUTCKNSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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Description
一方では、ヨウ素-129の揮発リスクを最小限度に抑える温度であり、典型的に650℃を超えない温度、及び周囲圧力で実施することができ、
他方では、特に参考文献[2]において使用される封管等の工業的使用によく又はまったく適合されない装備の使用を必要としないので、実施するのが簡単でありうる。
無機材料とは、炭素又は水素を含まない材料を意味すること、
相互接続している開細孔とは、固相の表面、したがって粒子の表面に開口しているだけでなく、したがって粒子の外側と連通するだけでなく、粒子の外側と連通することができる又はできない他の細孔とも連通する、細孔を意味すること、
酸化状態の銀とは、Ag+と表される酸化状態+1の銀を意味すること、
金属状態の銀とは、Ag0と表される酸化状態0の銀を意味すること
が理解されている。
a)アルギン酸のアルカリ金属塩、並びにリン酸銀と、場合によってはモリブデン、ホウ素、バナジウム、クロム、及びタングステンから選択されるカチオンに結合している酸化された銀の1種若しくは複数の化合物、及び/又は1種若しくは複数の金属酸化物とを含む無機材料を含む水性溶液A1を調製する工程と、
b)水性溶液A1を分離された形でアルカリ土類金属塩を含む水性溶液A2中に押し出し、それによって、リン酸銀及びアルギン酸のアルカリ塩を含むヒドロゲルによって形成されるビーズが得られる工程と、
c)ビーズを乾燥する工程と、
d)乾燥したビーズをか焼する工程と
を含む方法によって調製することができる。
水性溶液A1中に存在する無機物質がリン酸銀のみを含む場合、リン酸銀は、好ましくは水性溶液A1の5質量%~10質量%を占める、一方
水性溶液A1中に存在する無機物質が、リン酸銀以外に、Mo、B、V、Cr及びWから選択されるカチオンに結合している酸化された銀の1種若しくは複数の化合物、並びに/又は1種若しくは複数の金属酸化物を含む場合、それは、好ましくは水性溶液A1の5質量%~10質量%を占める有機物質の成分の質量の総和であり、その場合、リン酸銀は、水性溶液A1の2.5質量%~5質量%を占めることが有利である。
i)ガス状流出物を先に定義した材料と接触させることによってヨウ素を捕獲し、それによってヨウ化銀を含む材料が得られる工程と、次いで
ii)ヨウ化銀を含む材料を加熱処理し、それによってヨウ化銀を含む材料が、ヨウ化銀を閉じ込めるガラス質又はガラスセラミック質マトリックスに変換される工程と
を含む方法である。
本発明の2つの材料(以降、材料1及び材料2)は、以下の操作プロトコルに従って調製される。
1)アルギン酸ナトリウム(Sigma-Aldrich社)を、磁気撹拌下でリン酸銀Ag3PO4の水性溶液に添加し、7.5質量%のリン酸銀及び1質量%のアルギン酸ナトリウム(すなわち水100ml当たり7.5gのリン酸銀及び1gのアルギン酸ナトリウム)を含む、A1として表わされる水性溶液を得、それを低磁気撹拌下で4時間維持する工程、
2)水性溶液A1を液滴として、磁気撹拌下で、材料1では0.27mol/Lの硝酸カルシウムCa(NO3)2及び材料2では0.27mol/Lの硝酸バリウムBa(NO3)2を含む、A2として表わされる水性溶液に押し出し、この押出が、一端に針を備え、他端が蠕動ポンプに接続されている導管に水性溶液A1を循環させ、水性溶液A1を、針先端の開口部を経由して水性溶液A2に滴り落とすことで構成され、それによって典型的に0.5mm~10mmの大きさのゼラチン質ビーズが得られ、これらのビーズが、材料1ではリン酸銀及びアルギン酸カルシウムによって、材料2ではリン酸銀及びアルギン酸バリウムによって形成され、2価のカルシウム及びバリウムイオンが、実際には押出時にアルギン酸塩の1価のナトリウムイオンに置き換わる工程、
3)工程2)の終わりに得られたゼラチン質ビーズを、水/エタノール交換にかけ、それらのビーズを構成するヒドロゲルがアルコールゲルに変化させることを可能にし、これを行うために、ビーズを排出し、水ですすぎ、エタノール浴に10分浸漬し、この浸漬を3回繰り返す工程、
4)工程3)の終わりに得られたアルコールゲルビーズを60℃で16時間乾燥する工程、次いで
5)乾燥したアルコールゲルビーズを、空気下500℃で3時間か焼する(昇温勾配5℃/分)工程。
(1)を付した矢印は、材料1の粒子が、銀、酸素及びリンが豊富で、微量のカルシウムのマトリックスを含むことを示す。
(2)を付した矢印は、マトリックスにおける酸素、銀、リン及びカルシウムが豊富な黒色結晶粒の存在を示す。一方、
(3)を付した矢印は、マトリックスにおけるAg0からなる白色結晶粒の存在を示す。
(1)を付した矢印は、材料2の粒子が、銀、酸素及びリンが豊富で、バリウムが微量のマトリックスを含むことを示す。
(2)を付した矢印は、マトリックスにおける酸素、リン及びバリウムが豊富な黒色結晶粒の存在を示す。
(3)を付した矢印は、マトリックスにおけるAg0からなる白色結晶粒の存在を示す。一方
(4)を付した矢印は、マトリックスにおける銀、酸素及びリンが豊富な灰色結晶の存在を示す。
上記のポイントIにおいて得られた材料1及び材料2を、二ヨウ素I2蒸気に110℃で18時間曝露する。
上記のポイントIIにおいて得られた、ヨウ素が充填された材料1及び材料2を、事前に650℃の温度に至らしめたマッフル炉での熱処理に1時間かけ、次いで炉から取り出して、空気中でクエンチする。
Claims (13)
- 無機材料を調製する方法であって、
前記無機材料が、粒子によって形成され、各粒子が固相を含み、前記固相が、
リンに結合している酸化状態にある銀と、
相互接続している開細孔であって、それらの表面が、金属状態にある銀を含む細孔と
を含み、前記固相が無機骨格を構成しており、
前記方法が、
a)アルギン酸のアルカリ金属塩、及びリン酸銀を含む無機材料を含む水性溶液A1を調製する工程と、
b)水性溶液A1を、分離された形態で、アルカリ土類金属塩を含む水性溶液A2中に押し出し、それによって、リン酸銀及びアルギン酸のアルカリ塩を含むヒドロゲルによって形成されるビーズが得られる工程と、
c)ビーズを乾燥する工程と、
d)乾燥したビーズをか焼する工程と
を含む方法。 - 前記固相が、モリブデン、ホウ素、バナジウム、クロム、及びタングステンから選択される1種若しくは複数のカチオンに結合している酸化状態にある銀、並びに/又は1種若しくは複数の金属酸化物を更に含み、
前記水性溶液A1が、モリブデン、ホウ素、バナジウム、クロム、及びタングステンから選択されるカチオンに結合している1種若しくは複数の酸化された銀の化合物、及び/又は1種若しくは複数の金属酸化物をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 工程b)と工程c)の間に、ヒドロゲル中の水の全部又は一部を標準沸点100℃未満の有機溶媒で置き換える工程を更に含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 水性溶液A1が、0.5質量%~3質量%のアルギン酸アルカリ金属塩及び5質量%~10質量%の無機材料を含み、質量百分率は水性溶液A1の質量に基づく、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- アルカリ土類金属塩が、カルシウム又はバリウム塩である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ビーズが、300℃~600℃の温度で1~5時間か焼される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ヨウ素を含むガス状流出物を処理する方法であって、
i)ガス状流出物を請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって得られた材料と接触させることによってヨウ素を捕獲し、それによってヨウ化銀を含む材料が得られる工程と、次いで
ii)ヨウ化銀を含む材料を加熱処理し、それによってヨウ化銀を含む材料が、ヨウ化銀を閉じ込めるガラス質又はガラスセラミック質マトリックスに変換される工程と
を含む処理方法。 - 工程ii)が、材料を400℃~650℃の温度に加熱する工程を含む、請求項7に記載の処理方法。
- ガス状流出物中に存在するヨウ素が放射性ヨウ素である、請求項7又は8に記載の処理方法。
- 放射性ヨウ素がヨウ素-129である、請求項9に記載の処理方法。
- ヨウ素ガスをガラス質又はガラスセラミック質マトリックスに封入する方法であって、請求項7又は8に記載のヨウ素を含むガス状流出物を処理する方法を実施する工程を含む方法。
- ガス状流出物中に存在するヨウ素が放射性ヨウ素である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 放射性ヨウ素がヨウ素-129である、請求項12に記載の方法。
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