JP7417658B2 - 癌治療のためのシタラビンコンジュゲート - Google Patents
癌治療のためのシタラビンコンジュゲート Download PDFInfo
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- JP7417658B2 JP7417658B2 JP2022077787A JP2022077787A JP7417658B2 JP 7417658 B2 JP7417658 B2 JP 7417658B2 JP 2022077787 A JP2022077787 A JP 2022077787A JP 2022077787 A JP2022077787 A JP 2022077787A JP 7417658 B2 JP7417658 B2 JP 7417658B2
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Description
本発明は、癌の処置に使用するためのシタラビンとアミノ酸とを含むコンジュゲートに関する。詳細には本発明は、医学的に障害のある(medically compromised)患者の血液癌の処置に使用するためのシタラビンとアスパラギン酸とのコンジュゲートに関する。
抗増殖薬
代謝抑制剤、抗腫瘍薬またはDNA共有結合剤としても知られる抗増殖薬は、本質的な代謝経路を阻害することにより作用し、一般的には悪性疾患の処置に用いられる。しかし、正常細胞への高い毒性および重度の副作用が、治療薬としてのそれらの使用を制限している。望ましくない副作用としては、骨髄中の幹細胞、腸管の上皮細胞、毛包細胞などの急速に分裂する正常細胞に及ぼす細胞障害性の作用による、貧血、嘔吐および脱毛が挙げられる。
ヌクレオシド類似体は、核酸への取り込みに関してその生理学的相対物と競合し、急性白血病の処置において重要な地位を獲得している。これらのうち最も重要なものが、アラビノースヌクレオシドであり、これは元々、海綿クリプトテチア・クリプタから単離された特有のクラスの代謝抑制物質であるが、現在は合成されている。それらは、シトシンとアラビノシド糖の間のN-グリコシル結合に対してシス配置の2’-OH基が存在するために、生理的なデオキシリボヌクレオシドとは異なる。複数のアラビノースヌクレオシドは、有用な抗腫瘍および抗ウイルス効果を有する。このクラスのうち最も活性のある細胞障害剤が、シトシンアラビノシド(シタラビンまたはAra-C)である。シタラビンは現在、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)、急性リンパ芽球性白血病(ALL)、慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)、慢性リンパ芽球性白血病(CLL)、および骨髄異形成症候群(MDS)などの白血球細胞の癌を処置するのに用いられている。しかしシタラビンは、高毒性であり、小脳毒性および骨髄抑制などの重度の副作用を有する。それゆえシタラビン処置は、限定されており、高齢患者、および肝臓、腎臓または小脳の機能障害を有する患者では制限されることが多い。
アスパラギンは、急速に増殖する細胞により必要とされる非必須アミノ酸である。哺乳動物細胞は、
グルタミン+アスパラギン酸塩+ATP+H2O=グルタミン酸塩+アスパララギン+AMP+PPi
と表され得る反応において、アミノ基をグルタミンのアミドからアスパラギン酸塩のβ-カルボキシルへ転移するATP依存性酵素であるアスパラギンシンテターゼ(EC.6.3.5.4)を用いて、アスパラギン酸塩からアスパラギンを合成することができる。
本発明は、医学的に障害のある対象における腫瘍疾患の処置に使用するための、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン、およびグルタミンからなる群から選択される単一アミノ酸にコンジュゲートしたシタラビンを含むプロドラッグを提供する。
A-シタラビン (I)
(式中、Aは、アミノ酸残基を表し、該アミノ酸は、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン、およびグルタミンからなる群から選択され;
シタラビンは、Aの側鎖官能基を通してAに結合する)
を有する化合物またはその医薬的に許容できる塩の治療有効量を含む医薬組成物を、そのような処置を必要とする対象に投与することを含む、腫瘍疾患を処置する方法であって、
該対象が、シタラビンによる処置を受けることができない医学的に障害のある対象である、方法を提供する。
A-シタラビン (I)
(式中、Aは、アミノ酸の残基を表し、該アミノ酸は、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン、およびグルタミンからなる群から選択され;
シタラビンは、Aの側鎖官能基を通してAに結合する)
の構造により表される化合物またはその医薬的に許容できる塩の治療有効量を含む医薬組成物を、そのような処置を必要とする対象に投与することを含む、腫瘍疾患を処置する方法であって、
該化合物の有害作用が、非コンジュゲート化シタラビンの有害作用と比較して低減され、そのため該対象が用量制限毒性を経験することなく、該化合物がシタラビンの最高標準治療用量より少なくとも2倍高い投与量で投与され得る、方法を提供する。
A-シタラビン (I)
(式中、Aは、アミノ酸の残基を表し、該アミノ酸は、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン、およびグルタミンからなる群から選択され;
シタラビンは、Aの側鎖官能基を通してAに結合する)
の構造により表される化合物またはその医薬的に許容できる塩を含む医薬組成物を提供する。
A-シタラビン (I)
(式中、Aは、アミノ酸の残基を表し、該アミノ酸は、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン、およびグルタミンからなる群から選択され;
シタラビンは、Aの側鎖官能基を通してAに結合する)
の構造により表される化合物またはその医薬的に許容できる塩を含む医薬組成物であって、
該化合物の有害作用が、非コンジュゲート化シタラビンの有害作用と比較して低減されており、そのため該対象が用量制限毒性を経験することなく、該化合物がシタラビンの最高標準治療用量より少なくとも2倍高い投与量で投与される、医薬組成物を提供する。
本発明は、医学的に障害のある患者、詳細には75歳以上の高齢患者に、単一のアミノ酸に共有結合されたシタラビンのコンジュゲートを投与することを含む、腫瘍疾患を処置する方法であって、そのような患者が典型的には、重度の有害作用のために非コンジュゲート化シタラビンでは処置することができず、したがって支持療法のみが与えられている、方法を提供する。本発明は、血液癌を有すると診断されているが、シタラビンで処置することができない、医学的に障害のある患者、詳細には高齢患者を処置するための長年にわたる要望を満たしている。本発明のコンジュゲートは、非コンジュゲート化形態で投与された場合に毒性であり得る用量のシタラビンによるこれらの癌患者の処置を可能にする。
本明細書で用いられる用語「医学的に障害のある」対象は、医学的に脆弱である、または医学的に障害を有する対象の部分集団を指し、そのため彼らは、重度の有害作用により非コンジュゲート化シタラビンに耐容性を示すことができない。医学的に障害のある対象としては、腎機能障害、肝機能障害、膵機能障害、骨髄機能障害、小脳機能障害、免疫障害、シタラビンの使用を限定する任意の他の臓器、組織または系の機能障害、およびそれらの組み合わせに罹患している、またはそれらを有する対象が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
A-シタラビン (I)
(式中、Aは、アミノ酸の残基を表し、該アミノ酸は、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン、およびグルタミンからなる群から選択され;
シタラビンは、Aの側鎖官能基を通してAに結合する)
を有する化合物またはその医薬的に許容できる塩の治療有効量を含む医薬組成物を、シタラビンによる処置を受けることができない医学的に障害のある対象に投与することを含む、腫瘍疾患を処置する方法を提供する。
Dは、シタラビンの残基、またはその類似体もしくは誘導体を表し;
R1、R2およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素および低級アルキルからなる群から選択され;
Xは、カルボキシル、アミドおよびヒドラジドからなる群から選択される)
により表され得る。
A-D・Y (III)
(式中、Aは、アミノ酸の残基であり、前記アミノ酸は、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン、およびグルタミンからなる群から選択され;
Dは、シタラビン、またはその類似体もしくは誘導体であり;
Yは、医薬的に許容できる有機もしくは無機酸、または酸の残基である)
により表される。
本発明は、本発明の化合物の少なくとも1種と、医薬的に許容できる担体または希釈剤と、を含み、任意選択で1種または複数の賦形剤をさらに含む、医薬組成物を提供する。
本発明は、本明細書において上記の一般式(I)、(II)を有する化合物、例えば化合物(1)もしくは(2)、またはその医薬的に許容できる塩の治療有効量と、医薬的に許容できる担体と、を含む医薬組成物を、そのような処置を必要とする対象に投与することを含む、腫瘍疾患またはウイルス疾患を処置する方法を提供する。
異なる細胞株に及ぼすAstarabine(登録商標)の影響
異なる細胞株に及ぼすAstarabine(登録商標)の影響を評価した。手短に述べると、様々な細胞株を、ATCCまたはECACCから得た。血液細胞を、10~20%FBSおよび1%グルタミンを含有するRPMI培地で生育させた。固形腫瘍細胞は、10~20%FBSおよび1%グルタミンを含有するDMEM培地で生育させた。細胞を、96ウェルプレートに50,000細胞/mlでウェルあたり0.2mlを播種した。被験物質を、食塩水またはPBSで希釈して、最終濃度0.1nM~10μM、容量20μlで添加した。試験は、3回の反復実験で実施し、PBSを対照として用いた。プレートを37℃、5%CO2で72時間インキュベートした。暴露期間の終了時に、MTT試薬[3-(4,5-ジメチルチアゾール-2-イル)-2,5-ジフェニルテトラゾリウムブロミド]を用いたMTTアッセイを、実施した。MTTを、5mg/ml濃度、0.02ml容量で各ウェルに添加した。プレートを37℃で3時間インキュベートした。プレートを、3500rpmで5分間遠心分離して、上清を吸引した。MTT結晶を含有するペレットをそれぞれ、DMSO 0.2mlに溶解した。吸光度を、波長570nmのELISAリーダーを用いて決定した。
*1 - Ogbomo et al.,Neoplasia 10(12):1402-1410,2008;
*2 - Qin et al.,Clin.Cancer Res.13(14):4225-4232,2007;
*3 - Manfredini et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.8: 539-547, 2000;
*4 - Breistol et al.,Cancer Res.59:2944-2949,1999;
*5 - Groveet al.,Cancer Res.55:3008-3011,1995;
*6 - Ruiz Van Haperen,Cancer Res.54:4138-4143,1994
マウスにおけるAstarabine(登録商標)の最大耐量および有効性
Astarabine(登録商標)の最大耐量(MTD)を、腹腔内(IP)または静脈内(IV)に1回または複数回注射として注射した。
Astarabineの処方および投与
薬物Astarabine(登録商標)を、アンプルあたり1gのガラスアンプル中の滅菌凍結乾燥粉末として供給した。この薬物を、注射用滅菌水10mlに溶解して、最終濃度100mg/mlのAstarabine(登録商標)を得た。水に完全に溶解した後、該薬物を注射溶液/点滴でさらに希釈した。投与された用量を、患者の年齢および医学的状態に応じてg/m2で計算した。
患者の送達投与量を、以下の式に従って計算した:
薬物投与量(g/m2)×患者の体表面積(BSA)(m2)=患者に投与された投与量(グラム(g))
計算例:0.5g/m2×1.72m2=0.86g(860mg)
したがって100mg/ml Astarabine(登録商標)溶液からの8.6ml(860mg)の容量を、注射用滅菌緩衝生理食塩水、例えば乳酸リンゲル液273mOsm/L(pH6.5)500mlに添加した。Astarabine(登録商標)配合剤を、点滴により1時間にわたり患者に投与した。
計算例:4.5g/m2×1.65m2=7.425g
100mg/ml Astarabine(登録商標)溶液からの74.25ml(7.425g)の容量を、注射用滅菌緩衝生理食塩水、例えばPlasma-lyte-A、294mOsm/L(pH7.4)500mlに添加して、点滴により1時間にわたり患者に投与した。
高齢患者におけるAstarabine(登録商標)の有効性
AMLおよびALL患者におけるAstarabine(登録商標)の性能および安全性を評価するために、臨床試験を実施した。
第I/IIa相非盲検非対照単一施設試験に、処置を行う医師の判断により、再発性もしくは難治性急性白血病の18歳以上の患者、または集中治療に不適であるそれらの患者を登録した。この試験は、Rambam IRBにより認可された(認可番号0384-11)。
各点滴のAstarabine(登録商標)用量
- 年齢≦50歳:0.5g/m2、1.5g/m2、3g/m2、4.5g/m2
- 年齢>50歳:0.3g/m2、0.8g/m2、1.5g/m2、2.3g/m2
患者10名のアウトカムを、表2に表す。患者9名はAMLを有し、そのうち患者5名は、難治性/再発したAMLを有し、患者4名は集中治療に不適である新たに診断された続発性AMLを有した。患者1名は、新たに診断されたALLを有した。年齢中央値は、80歳であった。
10ヶ月の期間の終了時点で:
患者4名が生存し、そのうち2名は処置後7および9ヶ月目に、持続的な完全寛解(CR)状態にあった。
患者4名は、疾患進行により死亡し、1名は処置後7日目に突然死したが、処置と無関係な事象であると推定された。好中球減少性発熱以外の有意な副作用は、治療の間または治療後に記録されなかった。
Claims (16)
- 処置を必要とする対象において腫瘍疾患を処置するための医薬の調製のための、式(1):
前記化合物は、前記対象の表面積1m2あたり0.3g~6gの1日量で投与され、
前記腫瘍疾患は、慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)、慢性リンパ球性白血病(CLL)、リンパ腫、骨髄腫、骨髄異形成症候群(MDS)、非血液癌、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)、新たに診断された急性リンパ球性白血病(ALL)もしくは続発性ALLであり、
前記対象は、シタラビンによる処置を受けることができない医学的に障害のある対象であり、前記化合物の有害作用が、非コンジュゲート化シタラビンの有害作用と比較して低減される、
使用。 - 処置を必要とする対象において腫瘍疾患の少なくとも1つの症状を低減するための医薬の調製のための、式(1):
前記化合物は、前記対象の表面積1m2あたり0.3g~6gの1日量で投与され、
前記腫瘍疾患は、慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)、慢性リンパ球性白血病(CLL)、リンパ腫、骨髄腫、骨髄異形成症候群(MDS)、非血液癌、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)、新たに診断された急性リンパ球性白血病(ALL)もしくは続発性ALLであり、
前記対象は、シタラビンによる処置を受けることができない医学的に障害のある対象であり、前記化合物の有害作用が、非コンジュゲート化シタラビンの有害作用と比較して低減される、
使用。 - 前記組成物は、前記対象の表面積1m2あたり少なくとも0.3g、0.8g、1g、1.5g、2g、2.3g、2.5g、3g、4.5gまたは6gという1日量で投与される、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 前記化合物は、4.5g/m2という1日量で投与される、請求項3に記載の使用。
- 前記化合物は、2.3g/m2という1日量で投与される、請求項3に記載の使用。
- 前記組成物は、少なくとも3日間にわたって毎日少なくとも1回投与される、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 前記化合物は、5日間または6日間にわたって毎日1回投与される、請求項6に記載の使用。
- 前記組成物は毎日投与される、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 前記組成物は2日に1回投与される、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 前記組成物は、酢酸、塩酸、メタンスルホン酸、リン酸、クエン酸、乳酸、コハク酸、酒石酸、ホウ酸、安息香酸、トルエンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、アスコルビン酸、硫酸、マレイン酸、ギ酸、マロン酸、ニコチン酸およびシュウ酸からなる群から選択される有機酸または無機酸の医薬的に許容できる塩として投与される、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 前記塩が塩酸である、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 前記塩がメタンスルホン酸である、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 前記AMLが、新たに診断されたAML、続発性AML、または再発性/難治性のAMLである、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 前記投与は、非経口投与、静脈内投与、または静脈内点滴による投与である、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 前記投与は、15分~3時間の範囲の期間にわたる静脈内点滴である、請求項14に記載の使用。
- 前記対象は、標準用量もしくは高用量のシタラビンによる処置を受けることができない対象、肝機能障害を有する対象、腎機能障害を有する対象、膵機能障害を有する対象、骨髄機能障害を有する対象、小脳機能障害を有する対象、免疫障害を有する対象、再発性もしくは難治性の血液癌を有する対象、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の使用。
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