JP7413322B2 - ヒンジが修飾された抗体断片及び作製方法 - Google Patents
ヒンジが修飾された抗体断片及び作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2015年10月30日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/248,792号、及び2016年6月7日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/346,905号の優先権を主張するものであり、これらの各々の内容は、優先権が主張されるこれらの各々への参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本出願は、ASCII形式で電子的に提出された、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる配列表を含む。2016年10月26日に作成された該ASCIIコピーは、00B206_0271_SL.txtという名称であり、26,185バイトのサイズである。
本明細書における「抗体」という用語は、最も広義に使用され、それらが所望の抗原結合活性を示す限り、モノクローナル抗体、ポリクローナル抗体、多重特異性抗体(例えば、二重特異性抗体)、及び抗体断片を含むがこれらに限定されない、種々の抗体構造を包含する。
100×分数X/Y
式中、Xは、配列整列プログラムALIGN-2によってそのプログラムのAとBとの整列において完全な一致としてスコア化されたアミノ酸残基の数であり、Yは、Bにおけるアミノ酸残基の総数である。アミノ酸配列Aの長さがアミノ酸配列Bの長さと等しくない場合、AのBに対するアミノ酸配列同一性%は、BのAに対するアミノ酸配列同一性%とは等しくないことが理解される。別途具体的に示されない限り、本明細書で使用されるすべてのアミノ酸配列同一性%値は、直前の段落に記載されるようにALIGN-2コンピュータプログラムを使用して得られる。
ある特定の実施形態において、本開示は、部分的に、既存の抗ヒンジ抗体(AHA)を回避するように抗体断片を操作する方法に基づく。ある特定の実施形態において、AHAに対して低減された反応性を有するまたは反応性を有しない抗体断片(例えば、Fab及びF(ab’)2)、及びこれらの抗体断片を作製する方法が提供される。ある特定の実施形態において、本開示の抗体断片は、薬物治療後の免疫応答を最小限に抑えることによって治療場面においてより優れた安全性を提供し得る。
ある特定の実施形態において、本開示は、AHAに対して低減された反応性を有するまたは反応性を有しない、抗体断片(例えば、Fab、Fab’及びF(ab’)2)、及びそれを含む組成物を提供する。例えば、限定するものではないが、本明細書に記載される抗体断片は、参照抗体断片、例えば、天然ヒンジ領域を有する抗体断片と比べて、少なくとも10%、少なくとも20%、少なくとも30%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%または少なくとも100%低減されるAHA反応性を示す。ある特定の実施形態において、参照抗体断片は、天然ヒンジ領域を有するIgG1抗体断片である。
表1-Fab重鎖配列
ある特定の実施形態において、抗体断片は、ヒンジ操作技術によって作製される。
抗体断片は、例えば米国特許第4,816,567号に記載される、組換え法及び組成物を使用して生産され得る。ある特定の実施形態において、本明細書に記載される抗体断片をコードする単離された核酸またはかかる核酸を含む組成物が提供される。それに加えて、かかる核酸を含む1つ以上のベクター(例えば、発現ベクター)が提供される。かかる核酸を含む宿主細胞もまた提供される。ある特定の実施形態において、宿主細胞は、真核細胞、例えば、チャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞またはリンパ系細胞(例えば、Y0、NS0、Sp20細胞)である。ある特定の実施形態において、Fab分子を作製する方法が提供され、本方法は、上記に提供されるFabをコードする核酸を含む宿主細胞を、Fabの発現に好適な条件下で培養することと、任意選択で、Fabを宿主細胞(または宿主細胞培養培地)から回収することとを含む。
本明細書に記載される抗体断片、例えば、Fab及びF(ab’)2の薬学的製剤は、所望の程度の純度を有する抗体を、1つ以上の任意選択的な薬学的に許容される担体と混合することによって(Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition,Osol,A.Ed.(1980))、凍結乾燥製剤または水溶液の形態で調製される。例えば、限定するものではないが、凍結乾燥抗体製剤は、米国特許第6,267,958号に記載されている。ある特定の実施形態において、水性抗体製剤には、米国特許第6,171,586号及びWO2006/044908に記載されるものが含まれ得、後者の製剤は、ヒスチジン-酢酸緩衝液を含む。
本明細書に提供される抗体断片のいずれも、治療方法において使用することができる。ある特定の実施形態において、抗体断片として使用するための医薬品が提供される。ある特定の実施形態において、特定の疾患適応症の治療に使用するための抗体断片が提供される。ある特定の実施形態において、本開示の抗体断片を使用して、眼疾患及び/または障害を治療することができる。ある特定の実施形態において、本開示の抗体断片を使用して、短い半減期を示す抗体断片の適用が有益であろう疾患及び/または障害を治療することができる。ある特定の実施形態において、治療方法において使用するための抗体断片が提供される。
本明細書に開示される発明の主題はまた、化学療法剤もしくは化学療法薬、成長阻害剤、タンパク質、ペプチド、毒素(例えば、タンパク質毒素、細菌、真菌、植物、もしくは動物起源の酵素活性毒素、またはそれらの断片)、または放射性同位体などの1つ以上の細胞傷害性薬剤と複合された本明細書に記載される抗体断片を含む、免疫複合体を提供する。例えば、開示される発明の主題の抗体断片は、別の抗体、抗体断片、ペプチドまたは結合模倣体などの1つ以上の他の結合分子に(例えば、化学的カップリング、遺伝子融合、非共有結合性会合またはその他によって)機能的に連結され得る。
本開示のある特定の実施形態において、上述の障害の治療、予防及び/または診断に有用な材料を含有する製造品が提供される。製品は、容器と、容器上のまたは容器に関連付けられたラベルまたは添付文書とを含む。好適な容器には、例えば、ボトル、バイアル、シリンジ、IV溶液バッグなどが含まれる。容器は、ガラスまたはプラスチックなどの多様な材料から形成され得る。容器は、それ自体で、または別の組成物と組み合わせて、病態の治療、予防及び/または診断に有効である組成物を保持し、滅菌アクセスポートを有し得る(例えば、容器は、静注溶液バッグまたは皮下注射針によって貫通可能な栓を有するバイアルであり得る)。組成物本中の少なくとも1つの活性薬剤は、本開示の抗体断片である。ラベルまたは添付文書は、組成物が選定の病態を治療するために使用されることを指示する。さらに、製品は、(a)本開示の抗体断片を含む組成物を中に収容した第1の容器、及び(b)さらなる細胞傷害性薬剤あるいは治療剤を含む組成物を中に収容した第2の容器を含み得る。本開示のこの実施形態の製品は、これらの組成物が特定の病態を治療するために使用され得ることを指示する添付文書をさらに含み得る。代替的に、または追加的に、製品は、注射用静菌水(BWFI)、リン酸緩衝食塩水、リンガー溶液、及びデキストロース溶液などの薬学的に許容される緩衝剤を含む第2の(または第3の)容器をさらに含み得る。それは、他の緩衝剤、希釈剤、フィルター、針、及びシリンジを含む、商業的観点及びユーザの観点から望ましい他の材料をさらに含み得る。
Fab及びF(ab’)2抗体断片は、治療アッセイ及び免疫アッセイにおいて完全長抗体の代替的フォーマットとしての役目を果たす。それらは、小さなサイズ、短い血清半減期、及びエフェクター機能の欠如という利点を提供する。侵襲性疾患に関連するいくつかのプロテアーゼは、抗体をヒンジ領域において切断し、ネオエピトープに対する抗ヒンジ抗体(AHA)をもたらすことが知られている。血清中の既存のAHAは、代理Fcとして作用して、抗体断片において欠如しているFcの特性を再導入し得る。この応答は、疾患と闘う自然過程の間には所望されるが、それは一般的には、治療用抗体断片に不要である。この研究において、IdeSプロテアーゼによる効率的なタンパク質分解切断を維持する、抗体の下部ヒンジ領域における切断部を特定した。結果として生じたF(ab’)2C末端におけるネオエピトープは、検出可能な既存のAHAを有さず、これは、既存のAHA応答が所望されない場合のタンパク質分解消化によるインビトロでのF(ab’)2生産のための実用的な経路を提供した。この研究において、抗体の上部ヒンジ領域もまた研究され、これは、ヒトIgG1、IgG2及びIgG4の上部ヒンジのC末端残基の、ヒト血清中の既存のAHA反応性への寄与に関する詳細な分析を提供した。既存の抗体はIgG2及びIgG4アイソタイプのFabに対して何ら観察されなかったが、ヒトIgG1の上部ヒンジのほとんどの残基に対しては著しい応答が観察された。T225L突然変異(本明細書で「T225L変異型」とも称される)及び天然C末端D221を、血清反応性が最小である解決策として特定した。この研究は、既存のAHAに対して最小の反応性を有する、治療アッセイ及び免疫アッセイ用のFab及びF(ab’)2断片の生産を可能にした。
プラスミド構築及び抗体発現:抗体を標準的な分子生物学技法によって、以前に記載されたようにE.coli発現ベクター(9、23)、または哺乳類発現ベクター(24)にクローニングした。E.coli発現は、Simmons et al.(23)に記載されるように行った。IgG及びFabは、以前に記載されたように、CHO(25)またはHEK293T(26)細胞の30mLの一過性トランスフェクション培養物中で発現させた。
Fab C末端は、既存のAHAへの応答を決定する:元々、ヒト血清中の自己抗体の、Fab分子の上部ヒンジに対する反応は、パパイン切断抗体であるアブシキシマブで研究された(5)。パパイン切断は、C末端H224をFab上に残す。後に、上部ヒンジの個々のC末端残基の寄与を詳細に吟味するために、より包括的な研究がビオチン化ペプチド類似体を使用して行われた(20)。この研究において、上部ヒンジ残基K222~H224に対して最小のAHA反応性のみが観察された。C末端残基としてT225を有するペプチドに対してはシグナルは何ら観察されなかった。合成ペプチドの使用は、上部ヒンジ残基D221~T225に及ぶFab-テール(図1A)が無傷分子の関連性の外側に提示されるため、結果を混乱させ得る。ゆえに、無傷Fabの設定におけるFab-テールの、既存のAHAへの結合への寄与を研究した。
表3.示差走査蛍光定量によって決定されたT30M Fabの熱安定性
Fab及びF(ab’)2などの抗体断片は、全身にわたる短い半減期及びエフェクターサイレントな(effector-silent)分子が同時に所望される場合、魅力的な治療フォーマットである。ある特定の断片はまた、腫瘍細胞などの侵襲性疾患及び細菌に関連するプロテアーゼの天然産物であり、免疫監視機構を回避しようとして生成されるものである。結果として、Fab及びF(ab’)2断片のC末端ネオエピトープは、免疫系によって認識され、代理Fcを提供し得るAHAをもたらす。
精製AHA抗体が代理Fcとして作用して、IdeS生成F(ab’)2によって喪失したADCC/CDC機能を復元し得ることが以前に記載された(20、22)。開示される操作Fab及びF(ab’)2変異型によるAHAの低減された結合が、Fcγ受容体及びC1qの低減された動員によってさらに反映されるかどうかを研究するために、架橋実験を用いた。AHAのFcγRIIIaへの結合を評価するために、上述のようにヒト血清をFabまたはF(ab’)2コーティングウェルに添加し、2時間インキュベートした。プレートを洗浄した後、可溶性FcγRIIIa(V158)-His-GST(カルボキシ末端においてGly-His6-グルタチオン-S-トランスフェラーゼ(配列番号28に開示される「Gly-His6」)と融合された細胞外ドメインからなる)を0.5μg/mlで添加した。結合したFcγRIIIa(V158)-His-GSTを、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ標識マウス抗His抗体(Penta-His(配列番号29)、Qiagen、Germantown,MD)、続いて基質としてTMBを使用して検出した。AHAのヒトC1qへの結合を評価するために、上述のようにヒト血清をFabまたはF(ab’)2コーティングウェルに添加し、2時間インキュベートした。プレートを洗浄した後、精製ヒトC1q(Quidel、San Diego,CA)を添加した。結合したC1qをヤギ抗C1q抗体(Nordic Immunological Laboratories、Tilburg,The Netherlands)、続いてウサギ抗ヤギIgG-HRP(Jackson ImmunoResearch、West Grove,PA)及び基質としてTMBで検出した。
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Claims (17)
- 単離された抗体断片を含む組成物であって、前記抗体断片は、残基K222(EU付番)で終端する切断型ヒンジ領域を含むIgG1アイソタイプのFabであり、且つ前記抗体断片は、既存の抗ヒンジ抗体に対して低減された反応性を有するかまたは反応性を有しない、組成物。
- 前記Fabは、CDKのアミノ酸配列を含むアミノ酸で終端する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記Fabは、配列番号5及びその保存的修飾からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖定常領域を含む、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 前記単離された抗体断片は、FcγRIIIa、C1qまたはそれらの組み合わせへの低減された結合を示す、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の抗体断片をコードする単離された核酸を含む組成物。
- 請求項5に記載の組成物を含む宿主細胞。
- 抗体断片が生産されるように請求項6に記載の宿主細胞を培養することを含む、抗体断片の生産方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物と薬学的に許容される担体とを含む薬学的製剤。
- 医薬品として使用するための請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 疾患の治療に使用するための請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 分子経路及び/または機構の阻害に使用するための請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 疾患の治療用の医薬の製造における請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 分子経路及び/または機構の阻害用の医薬の製造における請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 分子経路及び/または機構の活性化用の医薬の製造における請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 疾患を有する個体を治療するための医薬であって、有効量の請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含む、医薬。
- 個体における分子経路及び/または機構を阻害するための医薬であって、分子経路及び/または機構を阻害するために有効量の請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含む、医薬。
- 個体における分子経路及び/または機構を活性化するための医薬であって、分子経路及び/または機構を活性化するために有効量の請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含む、医薬。
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EP3538552B1 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2023-09-13 | MorphoSys AG | Fab molecules with a rodent hinge region and a non-rodent ch1 region |
WO2023212906A1 (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2023-11-09 | Wuxi Xdc (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | Antibodis comprising engineered hinge and uses thereof |
CN115873833B (zh) * | 2022-11-08 | 2024-08-16 | 上海泰昶生物技术有限公司 | 生产免疫球蛋白g降解酶的工程菌株和工艺 |
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