JP7412574B2 - 二次電池、その製造方法、それに関連する電池モジュール、電池パック及び装置 - Google Patents
二次電池、その製造方法、それに関連する電池モジュール、電池パック及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7412574B2 JP7412574B2 JP2022543793A JP2022543793A JP7412574B2 JP 7412574 B2 JP7412574 B2 JP 7412574B2 JP 2022543793 A JP2022543793 A JP 2022543793A JP 2022543793 A JP2022543793 A JP 2022543793A JP 7412574 B2 JP7412574 B2 JP 7412574B2
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- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
負極集電体の少なくとも一側に下塗層を設けるステップ1)と、
前記下塗層に第1負極膜層を設けるステップ2)と、
前記第1負極膜層に第2負極膜層を設けるステップ3)と、を少なくとも含む二次電池の製造方法であって、
前記二次電池は多層構造である負極板を含み、且つ前記多層構造は、負極集電体、下塗層及び負極膜層を順に含み、前記負極膜層は第1負極膜層及び第2負極膜層を含み、且つ前記第1負極膜層は前記下塗層と前記第2負極膜層との間に位置し、前記第1負極膜層は、第1負極活物質を含み、前記第1負極活物質は、第1人造黒鉛を含み、前記第1人造黒鉛の粒子の少なくとも一部は、二次粒子であり、且つ前記第1負極活物質の全粒子数に対する前記二次粒子の個数比率Aは、A≧50%を満たす二次電池の製造方法を提供する。
一部の実施形態において、前記第2負極活物質における前記二次粒子形状の第2人造黒鉛の個数比率Bは、B≧60%を満たし、例えば、Bは60%≦B≦100%、65%≦B≦98%、70%≦B≦100%、70%≦B≦95%、75%≦B≦95%、80%≦B≦100%、又は85%≦B≦95%であってもよい。第2負極活物質における二次粒子の比率Bを所与の範囲と控えると、サイクル過程での活物質の膨張を著しく低減し、電池のサイクル性能をさらに改善することができ、特に、上下層の負極活物質がいずれも特定の含有量の二次粒子の人造黒鉛を有する場合、上下層の活物質粒子同士の堆積接続がより緊密であり、また第1負極膜層と第2負極膜層との界面における活物質粒子の接触面積を増大し、立体、規則的且つ高速な活性イオン出入り通路を形成し、電子伝導を向上させるとともに活性イオンの移動経路を短縮し、電池の急速充電性能をさらに改善することができる。
一部の実施形態において、第1負極活物質は天然黒鉛をさらに含む場合、第1負極活物質における前記天然黒鉛の質量比率≦40%であり、例えば、10%~40%、10%~30%、または10%~20%であってもよい。
Dv10は負極活物質の累積体積分布百分率が10%に達する時に対応する粒径であり、
Dv50は負極活物質の累積体積分布百分率が50%に達する時に対応する粒径であり、
Dv90は負極活物質の累積体積分布百分率が90%に達する時に対応する粒径である。
本願に係る二次電池において、前記正極板は、正極集電体と、正極集電体の少なくとも一方の表面に設けられて正極活物質を含む正極膜層と、を含む。
LiaNibCocMdOeAf 式1
前記式1において、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.5≦b<1、0<c<1、0<d<1、1≦e≦2、0≦f≦1であり、MはMn、Al、Zr、Zn、Cu、Cr、Mg、Fe、V、Ti及びBのうちの1種又は複数種から選択され、AはN、F、S及びClのうちの1種又は複数種から選択される。
負極集電体の少なくとも一側に下塗層を設けるステップ1)と
前記下塗層に第1負極膜層を設けるステップ2)と、
前記第1負極膜層に第2負極膜層を設けるステップ3)とによって前記二次電池の負極板を作製することを少なくとも含む二次電池の製造方法であって、
前記二次電池は多層構造である負極板を含み、且つ前記多層構造は、負極集電体、下塗層及び負極膜層を順に含み、前記負極膜層は第1負極膜層及び第2負極膜層を含み、且つ前記第1負極膜層は前記下塗層と前記第2負極膜層との間に位置し、前記第1負極膜層は、第1負極活物質を含み、前記第1負極活物質は、第1人造黒鉛を含み、前記第1人造黒鉛の粒子の少なくとも一部は、二次粒子であり、且つ前記第1負極活物質の全粒子数に対する前記二次粒子の個数比率Aは、A≧50%を満たす二次電池の製造方法を提供する。
前記製造工程において、前記第1負極膜層と第2負極膜層は、同時に塗布してもよいし、2回に分けて塗布してもよい。第1負極膜層と第2負極膜層を同時に塗布する場合、上下負極膜層間の接着性をよりよくすることができ、電池のサイクル性能のさらなる改善に役立つ。
装置
上記正極板、セパレータ、負極板を順に積み重ねて巻き取り、電極アセンブリを得、電極アセンブリを外装に入れ、上記電解液を注入し、封止、静置、化成、エージングなどの工程を経て、二次電池を得た。
25℃において、各実施例及び比較例の電池を1C(すなわち1h内に理論容量を完全に放電する電流値である)の電流で1回目の充電及び放電を行い、充電は定電流定電圧充電であり、終止電圧は4.25Vであり、遮断電流は0.05Cであり、放電終止電圧は2.8Vであり、その理論容量をC0として記録し、続いて電池は順に0.5C0、1C0、1.5C0、2C0、2.5C0、3C0、3.5C0、4C0で4.25Vの全電池のカットオフ電圧又は0Vの負極カットオフ電位まで定電流充電し、充電が終了したたびに、1C0で2.8Vまで放電する必要があり、異なる充電倍率で10%、20%、30%……80%SOC状態まで充電した時に対応する陽極電位を記録し、異なるSOC状態での倍率-陽極電位曲線を描き、線形フィッティングした後、異なるSOC状態での陽極電位が0Vである時に対応する充電倍率を得て、この充電倍率は当該SOC状態での充電ウィンドウであり、それぞれC10%SOC、C20%SOC、C30%SOC、C40%SOC、C50%SOC、C60%SOC、C70%SOC、C80%SOCと記し、式(60/C20%SOC+60/C30%SOC+60/C40%SOC+60/C50%SOC+60/C60%SOC+60/C70%SOC+60/C80%SOC)*10%に基づいてこの電池の10%~80%SOCの充電時間Tを算出し、この時間が短いほど、電池の急速充電性能が優れることを示す。
1 電池パック、
2 上筐体
3 下筐体
4 電池モジュール
5 二次電池
51 ハウジング、
52 電極アセンブリ
53 蓋板
10 負極板
101 負極集電体
102 下塗層
103 第1負極膜層
104 第2負極膜層
Claims (14)
- 多層構造である負極板を含み、且つ前記多層構造は、負極集電体、下塗層及び負極膜層を順に含み、
前記負極膜層は第1負極膜層及び第2負極膜層を含み、且つ前記第1負極膜層は前記下塗層と前記第2負極膜層との間に位置し、
前記第1負極膜層は、第1負極活物質を含み、前記第1負極活物質の体積分布平均粒径Dv50は、17.2μm≦Dv50≦24.5μmを満たし、前記第2負極膜層は、第2負極活物質を含み、前記第2負極活物質の体積分布平均粒径Dv50は、7μm≦Dv50≦15μmを満たし、
前記第1負極活物質は、第1人造黒鉛を含み、前記第1人造黒鉛の粒子の少なくとも一部が二次粒子であり、かつ、前記第1負極活物質の全粒子数に対する前記二次粒子の個数比率Aは、60%≦A≦90%を満たす、二次電池。 - 前記下塗層は、導電剤と、接着剤と、を含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記下塗層の厚さ≧1μmである、請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記下塗層における前記導電剤の質量比率≧50%であり、又は、
前記下塗層における前記接着剤の質量比率≦50%である、請求項2に記載の二次電池。 - 前記導電剤は、導電性炭素材料を含む、請求項2に記載の二次電池。
- 前記接着剤は、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF)、ポリビニリデンフルオライド共重合体、ポリスチレン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリイミド、ポリウレタン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルブチラール(PVB)、ポリアクリレート、アクリル-アクリロニトリル共重合体、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)、アクリル酸エステル-アクリロニトリル共重合体、および上記各材料の変性化合物のうちの1種または複数種を含む、請求項2に記載の二次電池。
- 前記第1負極活物質は、天然黒鉛をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記第1負極活物質は、
前記第1負極活物質の粒度均一性Uniformityが、0.20~0.60であることと、
前記第1負極活物質の比表面積SSAが、SSA≦1.6m2/gを満たすことと、
前記第1負極活物質の粒度分布が、0.6≦(Dv90-Dv10)/Dv50≦3.5であることと、
前記第1負極活物質の粉体OI≦8.であることと、
前記第1負極活物質のグラム容量≧352mAh/gであることとのうちの1つ又は複数をさらに満たす、請求項1に記載の二次電池。 - 前記第2負極活物質は、第2人造黒鉛を含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記第2人造黒鉛の粒子の少なくとも一部は二次粒子であり、且つ前記第2負極活物質の全粒子数に対する前記二次粒子の個数比率Bが、B≧60%を満たす、請求項9に記載の二次電池。
- 前記第2負極活物質は、
前記第2負極活物質の粒度均一性Uniformityが0.20~0.50であることと、
前記第2負極活物質の比表面積SSAが、SSA≦1.6m2/gを満たすことと、
前記第2負極活物質の粒度分布が、0.5≦(Dv90-Dv10)/Dv50≦3.0であることと、
前記第2負極活物質の粉体OI≦6であることと、
前記第2負極活物質のグラム容量≧345mAh/gであることとのうちの1つまたは複数をさらに満たす、請求項1に記載の二次電池。 - 前記第2負極活物質の粒度均一性Uniformityと前記第1負極活物質の粒度均一性Uniformityとの比が0.6~2であることと、
前記第2負極活物質の体積分布平均粒径Dv50が、前記第1負極活物質の体積分布平均粒径Dv50よりも小さいことと、
前記負極膜層の面密度≧0.117mg/mm2であることと、
前記負極膜層の圧密密度が1.4g/cm3~1.75g/cm3であることと、
前記第2負極膜層と前記第1負極膜層との厚さ比が1:1~3:2であることと、
前記第2負極活物質と第1負極活物質とのOI値の比≦1.2であることとのうちの1つまたは複数をさらに満たす、請求項1に記載の二次電池。 - 負極集電体の少なくとも一側に下塗層を設けるステップと、
前記下塗層に第1負極膜層を設けるステップと、
前記第1負極膜層に第2負極膜層を設けるステップとを少なくとも含む二次電池の製造方法であって、
前記二次電池は多層構造である負極板を含み、且つ前記多層構造は、負極集電体、下塗層及び負極膜層を順に含み、前記負極膜層は第1負極膜層及び第2負極膜層を含み、且つ前記第1負極膜層は前記下塗層と前記第2負極膜層との間に位置し、
前記第1負極膜層は、第1負極活物質を含み、前記第1負極活物質の体積分布平均粒径Dv50は、17.2μm≦Dv50≦24.5μmを満たし、前記第2負極膜層は、第2負極活物質を含み、前記第2負極活物質の体積分布平均粒径Dv50は、7μm≦Dv50≦15μmを満たし、
前記第1負極活物質は、第1人造黒鉛を含み、前記第1人造黒鉛の粒子の少なくとも一部は二次粒子であり、かつ、前記第1負極活物質の全粒子数に対する前記二次粒子の個数比率Aは、60%≦A≦90%を満たす、請求項1の二次電池の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の二次電池のうちの少なくとも1つを含む装置。
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