JP7391680B2 - Tunnel inner winding - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a tunnel inner winding work for covering the inner wall of a tunnel.

In order to prevent the concrete lining from falling off as the tunnel deteriorates over time, tunnel inner wrapping has traditionally been used as a deterioration countermeasure work that involves reinforcing the inner walls of the tunnel. As a tunnel inner winding using FRP, a tunnel lining structure having an FRP arch support structure (arch shoring) and an FRP continuous band structure covering the inner wall is known (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). In such a tunnel lining structure, first, a plurality of FRP support structures are placed inside the tunnel. Then, between adjacent FRP support structures, a continuous band-like structure made of FRP is continuously installed from one side wall of the tunnel to the opposite side wall via the top of the tunnel (Patent Document 1, and the specification [0037] of Patent Document 2). Then, grout (backfilling material) is injected between the FRP continuous strip structure and the inner wall of the tunnel. Leakage of the grout is prevented by foot protection work at the bottom of the tunnel (see FIG. 22 of Patent Document 1).

However, as shown in FIG. 14, in the railway tunnel 2, communication and power distribution cables 24, etc. are provided on the side wall of the inner wall 21, and it is difficult to provide an FRP support structure and an FRP continuous strip structure. is difficult. Similar problems occur in non-railway tunnels where there are obstacles on the side walls of the tunnel that are difficult to relocate.

When constructing a tunnel lining structure in a double-track tunnel, in order to install a continuous FRP strip structure continuously from one side wall of the tunnel to the opposite side wall, the construction site must be on both the upper and lower lines. Therefore, maintenance vehicles used for other maintenance work cannot pass through the construction site. Further, in order to continuously install the FRP continuous strip structure from one side wall of the tunnel to the opposite side wall, a long continuous construction time is required. If it is difficult to secure such construction time, it is not easy to construct the tunnel lining structure.

JP2012-207431A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-132867

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and can deal with areas where there are obstacles that are difficult to relocate on the side walls of tunnels.In a double-track tunnel, the construction area can be divided into upper and lower lines, and the continuous construction time can be shortened. The purpose is to provide tunnel winding work.

The tunnel inner winding of the present invention is for covering the inner wall of a tunnel, and includes a paving beam that is elongated in the tunnel axis direction and extends on the inner wall at a position higher than the bottom surface of the tunnel, and the inner wall The supporting structure is provided along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, the lower end of which is supported by the bedding girder, and a plurality of supporting structures are arranged at predetermined intervals in the tunnel axis direction; and a plurality of panels covering the inner wall above the paving girder, each of the shorings being composed of a plurality of shoring members that can be joined in the circumferential direction, and installed only on one of the left and right sides when viewed from the tunnel axis direction. The plurality of panels are provided in a row continuous in the circumferential direction between the adjacent shorings, the ends in the tunnel axis direction are supported by the shorings, and the lowermost panel is The lower end portion is supported by the sill, and the length of each panel in the circumferential direction and the number of panels in one row are set so that the panel can be provided only on one of the left and right sides. It is characterized by being

In this tunnel inner winding, the shoring has an H-shaped cross section perpendicular to the circumferential direction, and includes an outer flange that abuts the inner wall, an inner flange that faces the inner space of the tunnel, and the outer flange and the inner flange. the panel is held in the axial direction of the tunnel by the web and supported in the radial direction of the tunnel by the inner flange, and the shoring has a web that connects the inner flange and the outer flange. It is preferable that an insertion hole is formed in the inner flange for inserting the panel between the support structure and the shoring, and that at least one insertion hole is formed in each of the right and left sides of the shoring.

In this tunnel winding, each of the shoring members is made of FRP and has a joint for joining, and the joint has a convex protruding from an end of the web of one of the shoring members to be joined. and a recess provided at the end of the web of the other shoring member to be joined, and the shoring member can be joined in the circumferential direction by fitting the protrusion into the recess. preferable.

In this tunnel winding, each panel is made of FRP and has a planar skin plate and a plurality of ribs extending in the axial direction of the tunnel, and the skin plate has a flexible rectangular shape. Preferably, each of the ribs protrudes from the skin plate toward the inner wall, gradually curves toward the tip in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and has a through hole formed therein.

This tunnel inner winding has a plurality of pedestals embedded and fixed in the lining concrete of the tunnel, each of the pedestals protrudes from the inner wall, and the paving girder is supported by the pedestals, and the most Preferably, a gap between the lower end of the underlying panel and the inner wall is closed, and grout is injected and hardened between the panel and the inner wall.

In this tunnel construction, the bedding is temporarily fixed to at least one of the pedestal and lining concrete using temporary fixing bolts during construction, and the temporary fixing bolts are removed after the grout has hardened. It is preferable that

In this tunnel construction, the shoring is preferably fixed to the lining concrete using bolts, and the bolts are preferably buried in the hardened grout.

According to the tunnel winding system of the present invention, the panel covers the inner wall above the paving girder, so by setting the paving girder higher than obstacles such as cables on the side wall of the tunnel, it is possible to avoid the obstruction. interference can be avoided. In addition, the shoring can be installed only on either the left or right side when viewed from the tunnel axis direction, and the length and number of panels can be adjusted in the circumferential direction so that they can be installed only on either the left or right side. This allows construction work to be done in double-track tunnels by dividing it into upper and lower tracks, thereby shortening the continuous construction time.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tunnel inner winding work according to an embodiment of the present invention. A cross-sectional view of the inner winding work of the same tunnel. Front view of the paving girder of the tunnel's inner winding work. A side view of the lower end of the support for the inner tunnel. A cross-sectional view of the tunnel with panels installed on only one of the left and right sides. A cross-sectional view of the support for the inner winding work of the same tunnel. A cross-sectional view of the shoring and panels of the tunnel's inner winding. A front view of the vicinity of the insertion opening of the inner winding of the same tunnel. The figure which shows the position of the insertion opening of the shoring of the winding work in the same tunnel. (a) is a front view of the joint of the support of the tunnel inner winding work, and (b) is a side view of the joint. A perspective view of a panel of the tunnel inner winding work. A side view of the lower end of the panel of the tunnel inner winding. The figure which shows the position of the injection port and the air vent hole of the panel of the same tunnel winding work. Cross-sectional view of the tunnel.

A tunnel winding work according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tunnel inner winding 1 is a workpiece that covers the inner wall 21 (lining surface) of the tunnel 2, and is a workpiece that wraps the lining of the tunnel 2 from the inner side. Therefore, it is called a tunnel winder. The tunnel winding 1 includes a paving girder 3, a shoring 4, and a plurality of panels 5.

As shown in FIG. 3, the paving girder 3 is elongated in the tunnel axis direction X. The paving girder 3 extends to the inner wall 21 at a position higher than the bottom surface 22 of the tunnel 2 (see FIG. 2).

The shoring 4 is provided along the circumferential direction C of the inner wall 21 of the tunnel 2. As shown in FIG. 4, the lower end portion 43 of the shoring 4 is supported by the support girder 3. A plurality of supports 4 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the tunnel axis direction X (see FIG. 1). The panel 5 has flexibility to bend along the circumferential direction C of the tunnel 2. The panels 5 are plural and cover the inner wall 21 above the sill 3. Note that in FIG. 1, ribs of the panel 5, which will be described later, are not shown.

Each shoring 4 is made up of a plurality of shoring members 41. The shoring member 41 can be joined in the circumferential direction C. This support 4 can be installed only on either the left or right side when viewed from the tunnel axis direction X. That is, there is a joint 42 of the shoring 4 at least near the top of the tunnel 2. Note that the left and right in the tunnel are usually the left and right as seen from the starting point side.

The plurality of panels 5 are provided in a row extending in the circumferential direction C between adjacent shorings 4, the ends in the tunnel axis direction X are supported by the shoring 4, and the lower end of the lowest panel 5 is Supported by girder 3.

The length of each panel 5 in the circumferential direction C and the number of panels 5 in one row are set so that it is possible to provide panels 5 only on one of the left and right sides. In this embodiment, the number of panels 5 in one row is two panels 5a and 5b on the right side of the tunnel, and two panels 5c and 5d on the left side (see FIG. 2). Note that the number of panels 5 in one row is not limited to four panels in one row.

Thereby, as shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to provide the panel 5 (5a, 5b) only on one of the left and right sides.

The shoring 4 can be installed only on one side of the left or right side when viewed from the tunnel axis direction X, and the panel 5 can be installed only on one side of the left or right side. It is possible to install it only on either the left or right side.

The panels 5 are joined to each other so that when grout (backfilling material), which will be described later, is injected between the panels 5 and the inner wall 21, the grout will not leak from between the panels 5. In this embodiment, the panels 5a and 5b are joined in the circumferential direction C, the panels 5b and 5c are joined in the circumferential direction C (see FIG. 2), and the panels 5c and 5d are joined in the circumferential direction C. Such a connection in which the panels 5 are butted together is, for example, a fitting connection. Bonding may be used to butt the panels 5 together.

For example, on Shinkansen railways (Shinkansen railways as defined in Article 2 of the National Shinkansen Development Act), maintenance work on the tracks is carried out during limited hours (work hours) at night when trains are not in operation. First, by installing the shoring 4 and panels 5 on only one side of the left and right sides of the tunnel 2, and installing the remaining shoring 4 and panels 5 on another day at night, the construction site can be divided into upper and lower lines. Continuous construction time can be shortened.

As shown in FIG. 6, the shoring 4 is made of FRP and has a cross-sectional shape similar to that of H-shaped steel. That is, the shoring 4 has an H-shaped cross section perpendicular to the circumferential direction, and includes an outer flange 44, an inner flange 45, and a web 46. The outer flange 44 abuts the inner wall 21 of the tunnel 2. The inner flange 45 faces the inner space of the tunnel 2. Web 46 connects outer flange 44 and inner flange 45.

As shown in FIG. 7, the panel 5 is held in the tunnel axial direction X by the web 46 and supported in the tunnel radial direction R (the normal direction of the inner wall 21) by the inner flange 45.

As shown in FIG. 8, the shoring 4 has an insertion opening 8 formed in the inner flange 45 for inserting the panel 5 between the inner flange 45 and the outer flange 44. As shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the insertion opening 8 is formed in the shoring 4 by not providing the inner flange 45. As indicated by the white arrows, the panel 5 is inserted between the pair of supports 4 and slid in the circumferential direction C.

As shown in FIG. 9, at least one insertion opening 8 is formed in the shoring 4 on each side. The position of the insertion port 8 is, for example, a location indicated by an ellipse in FIG. 9 .

As shown in FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b), each shoring member 41 is made of FRP and has a joint 47 for joining. The joint 47 is a socket type joint. This joint 47 has a convex portion 47a and a concave portion 47b. The convex portion 47a protrudes from the end of the web 46 of one of the shoring members 41 to be joined. The recess 47b is provided at the end of the web 46 of the other shoring member 41 to be joined. The joint 47 joins the shoring member 41 in the circumferential direction C by fitting the convex portion 47a into the concave portion 47b. That is, the shoring members 41 are fitted and joined to each other. This joint 47 transmits axial force and shear force. The shoring 4 behaves as a multi-hinged arch.

As shown in FIG. 11, each panel 5 is made of FRP and includes a planar skin plate 51 and ribs 52 on the skin plate 51. In this embodiment, the panel 5 is made of FRP made of polyester resin with glass cloth. The skin plate 51 is flexible and has a rectangular shape. The ribs 52 extend in the tunnel axial direction X, and are arranged in plural in the circumferential direction C. Each rib 52 protrudes from the skin plate 51 toward the inner wall 21 and gradually curves toward the tip of the rib 52 in the tunnel circumferential direction. That is, the ribs 52 are not bent at a right angle or the like in a cross-sectional view, but are smoothly bent. The rib 52 has a through hole 521 formed therein. The through holes 521 penetrate the rib 52 in the circumferential direction C, and are formed in plurality in the tunnel axis direction X.

The panel 5 has a portion including only a skin plate 51 without ribs 52 at the end in the tunnel axis direction X. In the shoring 4, a panel guide 461 protrudes from the web 46 in parallel with the inner flange 45 (see FIG. 6). When attaching the panel 5 to the shoring 4, the skin plate 51 at the end of the panel 5 is guided in the circumferential direction C between the panel guide 461 and the inner flange 45.

The tunnel winding 1 has a plurality of pedestals 9 (see FIG. 3). The sill 3 is supported by the plurality of pedestals 9 (supported at both ends). In this embodiment, the pedestal 9 is made of H-beam steel. When constructing the tunnel inner winding 1, holes for the pedestal are formed by drilling holes in the concrete lining 25 of the tunnel 2 in the horizontal direction. The holes for the pedestal are roughened on the left and right inner surfaces. Then, the pedestal 9 is inserted into the pedestal hole, and the filler 26 is filled in the pedestal hole (see FIG. 4). The filling material 26 hardens, and the pedestal 9 is embedded and fixed in the lining concrete 25 of the tunnel 2. Each pedestal 9 protrudes from the inner wall 21.

As shown in FIG. 12, the sill 3 supports the lower end of the lowest panel 5 and closes the gap between the lower end of the panel 5 and the inner wall 21. In this embodiment, the sill 3 is made of FRP, and has a lower half having a cross-sectional shape similar to that of a horizontal channel steel, and an upper half having a cross-sectional shape similar to a horizontal hat-shaped steel. That is, the sill 3 has a lower flange 31, an upper flange 32, a web 33, and an arm portion 34. The arm portion 34 is a portion extending upward from the end of the upper flange 32. The shoring 4 and the panel 5 are provided on the upper flange 32 and sandwiched between the arm portion 34 and the inner wall 21 (see FIGS. 4 and 12).

During construction, the sill 3 is temporarily fixed to the pedestal 9 with temporary fixing bolts 91 (see FIG. 3). Further, the paving girder 3 is temporarily fixed to the lining concrete 25 with temporary fixing bolts 92. The temporary fixing bolts 91 and 92 are removed after the grout injected between the tunnel inner winding 1 and the inner wall 21 hardens. Note that either the temporary fixing bolts 91 or 92 may be omitted.

The shoring 4 is fixed to the lining concrete 25 using bolts 48 (see FIG. 6). In this embodiment, the shoring 4 is fixed to the concrete lining 25 of the tunnel 2 via clamp members 49 fixed to the concrete lining 25 with bolts 48 . The portion of the bolt 48 exposed from the concrete lining 25 is located between the panel 5 and the inner wall 21. Grout is injected between the panel 5 and the inner wall 21 and hardened. Therefore, in the tunnel winding 1, the bolts 48 are embedded in hardened grout.

The tunnel winding work 1 configured as described above is constructed using a cart having a dedicated scaffolding. Grout is injected between the panel 5 and the inner wall 21 of the tunnel 2 during construction. Cement milk is used as the grout, which satisfies conditions such as good filling properties, liquid pressure within the load-bearing capacity of the panel 5, hardening in a short time, easy handling in the event of leakage, and early strength development. In order to inject the grout, an inlet is provided in the skin plate 51 of the panel 5. An example of the position of the injection port is shown in FIG. 13 by a circle 53. In addition to the injection port, the panel 5 is provided with an air vent hole near the top of the tunnel 2. An example of the position of the air vent hole is shown in FIG. 13 by a circle 54.

As described above, according to the tunnel winding 1 according to the present embodiment, the panel 5 covers the inner wall 21 above the paving girder 3, so the position of the paving girder 3 is lower than the obstruction such as the cable 24 on the side wall of the tunnel 2. By setting the distance to a high value, interference with the obstacle can be avoided (see FIG. 2). Furthermore, the shoring 4 can be installed only on either the left or right side when viewed from the tunnel axis direction X, and the panel 5 has a length in the circumferential direction C so that it can be installed only on one side. Since the length and number of tunnels can be set, construction work can be divided into upper and lower lines in a double-track tunnel, reducing continuous construction time. Moreover, since the plurality of panels 5 are provided in a row extending in the circumferential direction C between adjacent shoring structures 4, the inner wall 21 can be covered without any gaps.

At least one insertion port 8 for inserting the panel 5 into the shoring 4 is formed in the shoring 4 on each side, so the panel 5 is installed only on one of the left and right sides when viewed from the tunnel axis direction X. (See Figure 9).

The shoring 4 is composed of a plurality of shoring members 41, and since each shoring member 41 is made of FRP, the weight is reduced and large heavy machinery is not required for on-site construction (see FIG. 1). Since the shoring members 41 are joined in the circumferential direction C by fitting the end portions, the work is made more efficient (see FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b)). Therefore, the construction process of the tunnel inner winding 1 is simplified and speeded up, and the construction time inside the tunnel can be shortened.

Since the plurality of panels 5 cover the inner wall 21 of the tunnel 2 and each panel 5 is made of FRP, each panel 5 is lightweight (see FIG. 1). Moreover, since the panel 5 has the ribs 52 extending in the tunnel axis direction X, the rigidity in the tunnel axis direction X is increased and it can withstand grout liquid pressure (see FIG. 11). Moreover, since the rib 52 is formed with the through hole 521, when grout is injected between the panel 5 and the inner wall 21, the grout and air pass through the through hole 521. By the way, when the rib has a cross-sectional shape bent at a right angle, it is difficult for grout to enter the bent inner corner. On the other hand, since the ribs 52 of this panel 5 are gradually bent in the circumferential direction of the tunnel toward the tip, it is easy for grout to enter the inside of the curve.

Since the support girder 3 is supported by a pedestal 9 embedded and fixed in the lining concrete 25, it can withstand the load from the support 4, the panel 5, and the grout (see FIG. 3). Since the girder 3 closes the gap between the lower end of the panel 5 and the inner wall 21, leakage of the grout injected between the panel 5 and the inner wall 21 is prevented (see FIG. 12). Grout is injected between the panel 5 and the inner wall 21 and hardened, so that the shoring 4, the panel 5, and the grout become an integrated, self-supporting structure. This results in a high structure (see Figure 1).

The temporary fixing bolts 91 and 92 for temporarily fixing the girder 3 are removed after the grout injected between the panel 5 and the inner wall 21 has hardened, so the installation of the girder 3 can be done without bolts. Inspection of bolts becomes unnecessary, and maintenance and management of the tunnel inner winding 1 becomes easier (see Fig. 3).

The bolts 48 that fix the shoring 4 to the lining concrete 25 are buried in grout that has been hardened by injecting grout between the panel 5 and the inner wall 21, so there is no need to inspect the bolts 48, and the inner tunnel construction 1 becomes easier to maintain and manage (see Figure 6).

Note that the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without changing the gist of the invention. For example, the tunnel winding 1 may be provided in a tunnel other than a railway.

1 Tunnel inner winding 3 Beam 4 Shoring 41 Shoring member 44 Outer flange 45 Inner flange 46 Web 47 Joint 47a Convex portion 47b Recess 48 Bolt 5 Panel 51 Skin plate 52 Rib 521 Through hole
53 Inlet position
8 Insertion port 9 Holder 91, 92 Temporary fixing bolt

Claims (7)

A tunnel inner winding work for covering the inner wall of a tunnel,
a paving girder extending in the tunnel axial direction and extending on the inner wall at a position higher than the bottom surface of the tunnel;
Shoring is provided along the circumferential direction of the inner wall, the lower end is supported by the paving girder, and a plurality of shorings are arranged at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the tunnel;
a plurality of panels having flexibility to bend along the circumferential direction and covering the inner wall above the paving girder;
Each of the supports is made up of a plurality of support members that can be joined in the circumferential direction, and can be installed only on one of the left and right sides when viewed from the tunnel axis direction,
The plurality of panels are provided in a row extending in the circumferential direction between the adjacent shorings, an end in the tunnel axis direction is supported by the shoring, and a lower end of the lowest panel is supported by the paving girder. Supported by
The circumferential length of each panel and the number of panels in one row are set so that the panel can be provided only on one of the left and right sides ,
Injection ports for injecting grout between the panel and the inner wall are provided in both the left and right panels,
A tunnel inner winding work, characterized in that at least one insertion opening for inserting the end of the panel in the tunnel axis direction into the shoring is formed on each of the right and left sides of the shoring . The shoring has an H-shaped cross section perpendicular to the circumferential direction, and includes an outer flange that contacts the inner wall, an inner flange that faces the inner space of the tunnel, and a web that connects the outer flange and the inner flange. death,
The panel is held in the axial direction of the tunnel by the web and supported in the radial direction of the tunnel by the inner flange,
2. The tunnel inner winding work according to claim 1, wherein the insertion opening is formed in the inner flange of the shoring for inserting the panel between the inner flange and the outer flange. Each of the shoring members is made of FRP and has a joint for joining,
The joint has a convex portion protruding from an end of the web of one of the shoring members to be joined, and a recess provided at the end of the web of the other shoring member to be joined, The tunnel inner winding work according to claim 2, wherein the shoring member is joined in the circumferential direction by fitting the convex part into the concave part. Each of the panels is made of FRP and has a planar skin plate and a plurality of ribs extending in the tunnel axis direction,
The skin plate has a flexible rectangular shape,
4. Each of the ribs protrudes from the skin plate toward the inner wall, gradually bends toward the tip in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and has a through hole formed therein. The tunnel inner winding work described in item (1) above. having a plurality of pedestals embedded and fixed in the concrete lining of the tunnel,
Each of the pedestals protrudes from the inner wall,
The sill is supported by the pedestal and closes a gap between the lower end of the lowermost panel and the inner wall,
The tunnel inner winding work according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein grout is injected and hardened between the panel and the inner wall. The paving girder is temporarily fixed to at least one of the pedestal and the lining concrete with temporary fixing bolts during construction,
The tunnel inner winding work according to claim 5, wherein the temporary fixing bolt is removed after the grout is hardened. The shoring is fixed to the concrete lining using bolts,
7. A tunnel winding according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the bolt is embedded in the hardened grout.

Images