JP7373824B2 - 膵臓癌を処置するための治療用組成物 - Google Patents
膵臓癌を処置するための治療用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7373824B2 JP7373824B2 JP2018192916A JP2018192916A JP7373824B2 JP 7373824 B2 JP7373824 B2 JP 7373824B2 JP 2018192916 A JP2018192916 A JP 2018192916A JP 2018192916 A JP2018192916 A JP 2018192916A JP 7373824 B2 JP7373824 B2 JP 7373824B2
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- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)amino]hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(C(=O)NCCCCCC([O-])=O)=CC(OC)=C1OC SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N taxane Chemical class C([C@]1(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C1)C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]1C2(C)C DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004906 thiomersal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N topotecan Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000816 toxic dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004066 trametinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LIRYPHYGHXZJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trametinib Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(N2C(N(C3CC3)C(=O)C3=C(NC=4C(=CC(I)=CC=4)F)N(C)C(=O)C(C)=C32)=O)=C1 LIRYPHYGHXZJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 201000007423 tubular adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002562 urinalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007879 vasectomy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012447 xenograft mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940055760 yervoy Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/12—Ketones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/337—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having four-membered rings, e.g. taxol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
- A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
- A61K31/7068—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines having oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. cytidine, cytidylic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
式中、
XとYの各々は独立して、酸素又は硫黄であり;
Rは、水素又はC(=O)C1-C8アルキルであり;
R1、R2、及びR3の各々は独立して、水素、メチル、又は(CH2)m-CH3であり;
R4は、C1-C8アルキル、C2-C8アルケニル、C2-C8アルキニル、或いは、C1-C8アルキル、C2-C8アルケニル、C2-C8アルキニル、C3-C8シクロアルキル、及びC1-C8ハロアルキルから選択された1つ以上の置換基で随意に置換したアリールであり;
n=1-12である。
式中、
XとYの各々は独立して、酸素又は硫黄であり;
Rは、水素又はC(=O)C1-C8アルキルであり;
R1、R2、及びR3の各々は独立して、水素、メチル、又は(CH2)m-CH3であり;
R4は、H、C1-C8アルキル、C2-C8アルケニル、C2-C8アルキニル、或いは、C1-C8アルキル、C2-C8アルケニル、C2-C8アルキニル、C3-C8シクロアルキル、及びC1-C8ハロアルキルから選択された1つ以上の置換基で随意に置換したアリールであり;
n=1-12である。
式中、
XとYの各々は独立して、酸素又は硫黄であり;
Rは、水素又はC(=O)C1-C8アルキルであり;
R1、R2、及びR3の各々は独立して、水素、メチル、又は(CH2)m-CH3であり;
R4は、H、C1-C8アルキル、C2-C8アルケニル、C2-C8アルキニル、或いは、C1-C8アルキル、C2-C8アルケニル、C2-C8アルキニル、C3-C8シクロアルキル、及びC1-C8ハロアルキルから選択された1つ以上の置換基で随意に置換したアリールであり;
n=1-12である。
本明細書で言及される全ての刊行物、特許、および特許出願は、あたかも個々の刊行物、特許、または特許出願が参照により組み込まれるように具体的かつ個々に指示される程度に、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
式中、
XとYの各々は独立して、酸素又は硫黄であり;
Rは、水素又はC(=O)C1-C8アルキルであり;
R1、R2、及びR3の各々は独立して、水素、メチル、又は(CH2)m-CH3であり;
R4は、H、C1-C8アルキル、C2-C8アルケニル、C2-C8アルキニル、或いは、C1-C8アルキル、C2-C8アルケニル、C2-C8アルキニル、C3-C8シクロアルキル、及びC1-C8ハロアルキルから選択された1つ以上の置換基で随意に置換したアリールであり;
n=1-12である。
幾つかの実施形態において、そのような併用療法は、免疫療法剤を投与する工程を更に含む。
免疫療法は、「免疫反応を誘導、増強、又は抑制することによる疾患の処置」である。
免疫反応を誘発又は増幅させるように設計される免疫療法は活性化免疫療法として分類され、一方で減少又は抑制を行う免疫療法は抑制免疫療法として分類される。
特に明記しない限り、明細書と請求項を含む、本出願で用いられる次の用語は、以下の定義を持つ。明細書と添付の特許請求の範囲で使用されるように、単数形「a」、「an」、及び「the」は、他にその内容が明確に指示しない限り、複数の指示対象を含むということに留意しなければならない。他に指示がない限り、質量分析、NMR、HPCL、タンパク質化学、生化学、組換えDNA技術、及び薬理学の従来の方法が使用される。本出願において、「又は」、或いは「及び」の使用は他に明記しない限り、「及び/又は」を意味する。更に、用語「含むこと(including)」の使用は、「含む(include)」、「含む(includes)」、及び「含まれる(included)」といった他の形態と同じく、制限はない。本明細書で使用されるセクションの見出しは、構成上の目的のみのためのものであり、記載される主題を限定すると解釈されるものではない。
適切な投与経路は、経口投与、静脈内投与、直腸投与、エアロゾル投与、非経口投与、経眼投与、経肺投与、経粘膜投与、経皮投与、膣内投与、経耳投与、経鼻投与、及び局所投与を含むが、これらに限定されない。加えて、ほんの一例ではあるが、非経口送達は、くも膜下腔内、直接脳室内、腹腔内、リンパ内、及び鼻腔内の注入だけでなく、筋肉内、皮下、静脈内、髄内の注入も含む。
一般的に、本明細書に記載される組成物、及び、併用療法が本明細書で利用され且つ記載される実施形態においては他の薬剤は、同一の医薬組成物中で投与される必要はなく、幾つかの実施形態においては、異なる物理的及び化学的特徴により、異なる経路で投与される。幾つかの実施形態において、初期の投与は確立されたプロトコルに従って行われ、その後、観察された効果に基づいて、投与量、投与方法、及び投与時間は、熟練した臨床医によって修正される。
R4がH、C1-C8アルキル、C2-C8アルケニル、C2-C8アルキニル、或いは、C1-C8アルキル、C2-C8アルケニル、C2-C8アルキニル、C3-C8シクロアルキル、及びC1-C8ハロアルキルから選択された1つ以上の置換基で随意に置換したアリールである、他の化合物を同様に獲得した。
膵臓癌進行の処置のための、抗癌剤(例えば、あらゆる臨床的に使用される薬物)を備えた典型的な化合物1を含む併用療法の有効性を評価するために、選択された現行の臨床的化学療法剤を備えた典型的な化合物1による、インビトロの研究及びインビボの異種移植片研究を、行った。
A.細胞株:
ヒト膵臓癌AsPC-1(ATCC Catalog No.CRL-1682)。
ヒト膵臓癌PANC-1(ATCC Catalog No.CRL-1469)。
ヒト膵臓癌CaPan-2(ATCC Catalog No.HTB-80)。
1. 培養培地の除去及び廃棄。
2. 5mLのHBSSで細胞層を簡単にすすぐ。優しく振盪させ、HBSSを除去する。
3. 15cm2のポリスチレン皿に5mLのトリプシン-EDTAを加える。
95%の大気/5%のCO2雰囲気で湿らされたインキュベーター(humidified incubator)において、37℃で5分間インキュベートする。
4. 5mLの完全な成長培地(10%のFBSを含有するDMEM媒体)を加え、優しくピペッティングを行うことにより細胞を吸引する。
5. 血球計数器を用いたトリパンブルー排除アッセイ(補足プロトコル-2)を使用して生細胞を計数する。
6. インビトロの研究のために、細胞を1つのウェルにつき3×104細胞で蒔き、処置を行うまで16時間にわたり48ウェルの細胞培養皿において培養する。
7. 37℃で培養物をインキュベートする。
a.ヌードマウス、BALB/cAnN.Cg-Foxnlnu/CrlNarl
b.4-6週齢のメスの無胸腺ヌードマウス(nu/nu)。
c.体重:腫瘍細胞の播種の日に15~20g。
1. 皮下異種移植片モデルを作成するために、メスの無胸腺ヌードマウス(4-6週齢)に、20%のマトリゲルを含有する0.1mLの無血清DMEM培地(BD Biosciences, Bedford MA)において1×107のAsPC-1細胞を皮下に接種した。
2. 腫瘍を持つ動物を、表1として以下6つの群に分けた。
3. マウスを毎日、活性及び健康状態についてモニタリングし、体重の判定及び腫瘤の測定を週に1回行わなければならない。腫瘤の画像を、デジタルカメラ及びVisualsonic Vevo 2100画像システムによって撮影する。腫瘤を、移植片の2つの垂直直径においてノギス測定により判定し、式(4/3)X(πXaXb2)を使用して計算する。ここで「a」は長い直径を表わし、「b」は短い直径を表わす。
- エルロチニブ(DMSOにおいて100mMのストック濃度(Stock conc.)、Sigma Cat.# E4997)。
- 5-フルオロウラシル(100mMのストック濃度、Sigma Cat.# F6627)。
- ゲムシタビン(DMSOにおいて100mMのストック濃度、Sigma Cat.# G6423)。
- イリノテカン(DMSOにおいて100mMのストック濃度、Sigma Cat.# I1406)。
- オキサリプラチン(DMSOにおいて50mMのストック濃度、Sigma Cat.# O9512)。
- パクリタキセル(DMSOにおいて10mMのストック濃度、Sigma Cat.# T7402)。
c-1:化合物1(A)
i.適量の化合物1を量り、50mLのチューブに加えた。
ii.適量のトウモロコシ油(Sigma-Aldrich)を50mLのチューブに加えた。完全に均質化されるまでボルテックスにより製剤を混合した。使い捨て注射器に製剤を引き抜き、4mLの褐色チューブ、3.2mL/チューブに移した。
iii.使用するまで、凍結状態(-20℃)で懸濁液を保管した。
iv.使用を意図した日に37℃の水槽において製剤を完全に解凍させた。
c-2:ゲムシタビン(G)
i.ゲムシタビンのストックを、-20℃で無菌PBSにおいて50mg/mLの溶液として保管した(Ito et al., 2006;Awasthi et al., 2013)。
ii.動物研究の前に、適量のゲムシタビンを量り、4mLのチューブに入れた。
iii.4mLチューブに適量のビヒクル-I(50%のエタノール及び50%のTween80(v/w))を加え、物質が完全に溶解するまで振盪させた。
iv.4mLのチューブに適量の生理的食塩水を加え、チューブを並べて動かして溶液を完全に均質化した。
c-3:パクリタキセル(P)
i.パクリタキセルのストックを、100%のエタノールにおいて10mg/mLの最終濃度に溶解した(Shi et al., 2000;Chang et al., 2006;Awasthi et al., 2013)。
ii.動物研究の前に、適量のパクリタキセルを量り、4mLのチューブに入れた。
iii.4mLのチューブに適量のビヒクル-Ibを加え、物質が完全に溶解するまで振盪させた。
iv.4mLのチューブに適量の生理的食塩水を加え、チューブを並べて動かして溶液を完全に均質化した。
ミリメートル(mm)又はセンチメートル(cm)の適用可能な腫瘍サイズを、長楕円に関連付けた式を使用して計算し:M=(4/3)X(πXaXb2);これらのデータを記録した。
腫瘍増殖阻害(%)=(1-[T-T0]/[C-C0])x100
TとT0は、実験群に関する、処置の終了日及び1日目それぞれでの平均腫瘍体積である。対照群について、CとC0は、研究の終了日及び開始日それぞれでの平均腫瘍体積である。TIRについて、処置の4週後、マウスを屠殺し、腫瘍を注意深く切除し、残りの血液をPBSで洗い流した後に重さを量った。腫瘍阻害比率を以下の式により計算した:
腫瘍阻害比率(%)=[(WControl-WTreated)/WControl]x100%
WTreated及びWControlは、処置したマウス及び対照マウスそれぞれの平均腫瘍重量である。
典型的な化合物1を含む併用療法の抗腫瘍活性を、AsPC-1腫瘍を持つヌードマウス上で評価した。AsPC-1細胞を、マウスに処置を始める7日前に皮下注射した(表1)。その後、これらの動物は、28日間にわたり様々な複合薬物の投与を毎日受けた。28日目に、全ての試験マウスを屠殺し、対応する腫瘍を更なる研究のために切除した。図13と14に示されるように、実験の終わりに、化合物1及びゲムシタビンの組み合わせ(T3)、又は化合物1とゲムシタビンとパクリタキセルとの組み合わせ(T6)で処置したマウスは、腫瘍体積の緩やかな成長を伴う、非常に有意な腫瘍退縮を示した。他の4つの処置群におけるマウスは、群T3及びT6に比べて厳密な腫瘍増殖を示した。群(図16、T2、T4、及びT5)と比較して、腫瘍増殖阻害速度は、化合物1とゲムシタビンの組み合わせ(T3)、又は化合物1とゲムシタビンとパクリタキセルとの組み合わせ(T6)において有意に増大した(図15)。
導入:2011年、ロイコボリン、フルオロウラシル、イリノテカン、及びオキサリプラチンの多剤の組み合わせ(FOLFIRINOX)は、ゲムシタビンに対して4.3か月の中間生存の増加をもたらすことが注目されたが、その副作用のプロファイルのため、膵臓癌が進行した患者の選択群のみにしか利用可能でなかった。患者は、FOLFIRINOX又はゲムシタビンを受けるように無作為に割り当てられた。中間の全生存(OS)は、FOLFIRINOX群では11.1か月であり、ゲムシタビン群では6.8か月であった(死亡=0.57のハザード比[HR];95%の信頼区間[CI]、0.45~0.73;p<0.001)。無増悪期間中央値(PFS)は、FOLFIRINOX群では6.4か月、ゲムシタビン群では3.3か月であった(疾患進行=0.47のHR;95%のCI、0.37~0.59;p<0.001)。
この研究の主目的は、転移性膵臓癌を持つ被験体における、nab+パクリタキセル+ゲムシタビンと組み合わせた化合物1のMTD又は投与可能な最大用量(MFD)を判定することである。化合物1は癌処置のために評価されたが、多くの制癌剤は転移癌の処置にはあまり有効でないことが当該技術分野で知られている。
・アントロキノノール及びnab+パクリタキセル+ゲムシタビンの組み合わせの安全性及び耐用性を評価すること。
・アントロキノノール及びnab+パクリタキセル+ゲムシタビンのPKを特徴づけること。
・慣例的な膵臓癌のモニタリングからアントロキノノールの活性を評価すること。
・転移性膵臓癌を持つ被験体におけるnab+パクリタキセル+ゲムシタビンと組み合わせたアントロキノノールの予備的な抗腫瘍活性を調べること。
主要エンドポイント
・第1の28日間の処置のサイクルにおけるDLTの発生。DLTの定義(有害事象に関するNCI共通用語基準[CTCAE]v.4.03に従い等級化):
・等級3以上の非血液毒性は次のものを除く:適切な処置により発症の3日以内に等級1又は基線等級に回復する、等級3の下痢、吐き気、又は嘔吐
・≧48時間持続する等級4の血小板減少症又は好中球減少症
・≧等級3の発熱性好中球減少症
・出血を伴う等級3の血小板減少症
・投与の14日より長い遅延を引き起こす、等級2以上の持続する毒性。
全体的な研究設計及び計画の説明
・許容不能な毒性又は疾患が進行するまで、及び中止基準が無い状態での、経口のTID投与あたりの化合物1の用量の漸増(200~300mg)。
・許容不能な毒性又は疾患が進行するまで、各28日間のサイクルの1、8、及び15日目に投与される(即ち、1サイクル=3週間毎週、その後1週の休止)、静脈内(IV)注入を介した125mg/m2のnab-パクリタキセル及び1000mg/m2のゲムシタビン。
・等級3以上の非血液毒性は次のものを除く:
-適切な処置により発症の3日以内に等級1又は基線等級に回復する、等級3の下痢、吐き気、又は嘔吐
・248時間持続する等級4の血小板減少症又は好中球減少症
・2つの等級3の発熱性好中球減少症
・出血を伴う等級3の血小板減少症
・投与の14日より長い遅延を引き起こす、等級2以上の持続する毒性。
1. 18歳以上の男性且つ女性の被験体。
2. RECIST 1.1に従い測定可能な、膵臓の組織学的又は細胞学的に確認された転移性の管状腺癌。
3. 無作為化の前6週間以内に転移性疾患が診断されなければならない。
4. 以前に全身治療を受けていない(進行が最後の処置又は手術それぞれから>6か月生じた場合にはアジュバント又はネオアジュバント治療以外、nab-パクリタキセルを受けていない)、転移性膵管腺癌を持つ処置を受けていない被験体。
5. 以下を含む適切な血液、肝臓、及び腎臓の機能:
-ヘモグロビン≧9g/dL
-好中球絶対数≧1500/mm3
-血小板数≧100000/mm3
-文書化されたジルベール症候群(>3xULN)を持つ被験体を除く、総ビリルビン≦1.5x正常上限(ULN)
-アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ(ALT)及びアスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ(AST)≦2.5xULN;肝転移を伴う被験体では、ALT及びAST≦5xULN
-アルブミン≧3mg/dL
-コッククロフトとゴールトの式により判定されるような、血清クレアチニン≦1.5mg/dL又は計算されたクレアチニンクリアランス≧50mL/min
-0又は1のECOG。
6. スクリーニング時及び1日目に出産の可能性、即ち陰性の血清妊娠試験結果を持つ女性。
7. 研究中(適切なものとして男性と女性の両方)に、及び治験薬の最後の投与後の3か月にわたり、以下のリストから2つの医学的に許容され且つ有効な方法を快く使用する:
-避妊の経口の、注入された、又は移植されたホルモン法の確立された使用
-子宮内器具又は子宮内システムの配置
-障害式避妊法:殺精子発泡剤/ゲル/フィルム/クリーム/坐薬を伴う、コンドーム又は閉塞性キャップ(ペッサリー、又は子宮頸/円蓋キャップ)
-男性不妊手術(射精液中の精子の欠如の適切な精管切除後の文書化を伴う)
-正確な禁欲:これが被験体の好ましい且つ通常のライフスタイルと一致する場合。
8. ICFに署名。
9. 平均余命≧12週間。
1. 島細胞腫瘍又は局所進行疾患。
2. 治験薬の最初の投与の4週間又は5つの半減期(より短い方)以内の、化学療法、ホルモン療法、又は免疫療法或いは試験用薬物、及び/又は、臨床的に関連すると考慮される以前の抗癌治療の毒性の持続性。
3. 治験薬の最初の投与日の14日以内、及び研究処置中の、シトクロムP450(CYP)2C19、CYP3A4、CYP2C8、及びCYP2E1の強固な阻害剤又は誘発因子であると知られる薬物での処置。
4. 過去5年以内に診断された他の悪性腫瘍(手術又は放射線療法で以前に処置された、治癒的に処置された子宮頚上皮内癌、非黒色腫皮膚癌、表在性膀胱腫瘍Ta[非侵襲性腫瘍]及びTIS[上皮内癌]、或いは、ステージ1~2の非転移性前立腺癌を除き、血清前立腺特異抗原は正常限界内にある[治験薬の最初の投与日前の過去12か月以内に行なわれた試験])。
5. 重度の活性感染症を持つ被験体(即ち、静脈内の抗生物質、抗真菌剤、又は抗ウイルス剤を必要としている)。
6. 既知のヒト免疫不全ウイルス、活性B型肝炎、又は活性C型肝炎を持つ被験体。
7. 調査者の意見では被験体の安全性を損なわせ或いは治験薬の安全性の評価に干渉する、他の生命にかかわる病気又は臓器系の機能障害を持つ被験体。
8. 物質乱用又はアルコール乱用があると分かっている、或いはその疑いがある。
9. 進行中又は活性な感染症、症候性のうっ血性心不全、制御されていない高血圧、不安定狭心症、心不整脈、間質性肺炎、又は、研究要求の遵守を制限し、研究処置からAEを発生するリスクを実質的に増加させ、又は被験体がインフォームドコンセントを書面で提供する能力を損なわせる精神病/社会的状況を含むがこれらに限定されない、制御されない併発性の病気。
10. 経口薬を飲み込むことができない、或いは、下痢を伴う最近の急性胃腸障害、例えばクローン病、消化不良、又は基線での病因学のCTCAE等級>2の下痢。
11. 妊娠中又は授乳中の女性の被験体、或いは、有効な避妊方法を利用していない、生殖能を持つ男性又は女性の被験体。
1. 応答基準に従った疾患進行の文書化。
2. 許容不能な毒性。
3. 被験体が自身のインフォームドコンセントの撤回を決定する。
4. 調査者が、被験体がこれ以上物理的及び/又は心理的に研究に留まることができるではないと考慮する。
・全ての計画された試験処置の投薬が、第1の28日間のサイクルで完了していない。
・全ての計画された試験処置の投薬が、遅れ有り/無しで完了している;しかし、何れかの薬物の計画された全用量のうち90%は、第1のサイクルで投与されない。
1. 追跡から消えた。
2. 被験体が研究を継続する場合に調査者又はスポンサーが被験体の安全性に危険を及ぼし得る、何らかのAE又は医学的疾病。
3. 妊娠している、又は妊娠の意図がある。
4. 調査者又はスポンサーの意見において、研究薬物からの離脱を是認する、被験体の非遵守(例えば、予定されていた訪問への順守の拒絶)。
5. 別の治験薬を含む代替的な抗癌治療の開始。
6. 進行性疾患の確認、及び、被験体がこれ以上研究処置から利益を得ないという調査者による判断。
7. スポンサーが研究を終了する。研究を終了する理由は、限定されないが次のものを含む:この研究又は他の研究におけるAEの発生率又は重症度が被験体に対する潜在的な健康上の危険を示す;被験体の登録が不十分である。
・持病の臨床的に有意な悪化
・注意:感染症の初期部位以外の部位での治療中の臨床的事象に関連した新たな病原体の出現は、AEであると考慮される。
・持病の再発
・偶発的又は意図的にかかわらず、過剰用量のスポンサーの治験薬(即ち、臨床的な理由でヘルスケア専門家により処方されたものよりも高い用量)から生じるAE
・スポンサーの治験薬の乱用(即ち、非臨床的な理由での使用)から生じるAE
・スポンサーの治験薬の使用の中止に関連したAE。
・等級1:軽度;無症候性又は軽度の症状;臨床的又は診断上の観察のみ;又は示されていない介入。
・等級2:中程度;示される最小、局所、又は非侵襲性の介入;又は年齢に適切な手段的日常生活動作の制限。
・等級3:重度、又は医学的に重大であるが、直ちに生命を脅かす危険がない;示される入院、又は入院の延長;不能状態;又はセルフケアの日常生活動作の制限。
・等級4:示される生命を脅かす危険のある結果又は緊急の介入。
・等級5:AEに関連する死亡。
・関連無し:薬物投与との非互換的な時間関係を持ち、且つ、基礎疾患又は他の薬物或いは化学物質によって説明され得、又は治験薬と明らかに関連がない、臨床的事象。
・可能性が低い:薬物投与との時間関係が因果関係を起こりそうになくするが、基礎疾患又は他の薬物ある以下化学物質によってもっともらしく説明され得る、臨床的事象。
・可能性が高い:治験薬投与との妥当な期間関係を持つが、併発症又は他の薬物或いは化学物質によっても説明され得る、臨床的事象。
・明白:治験薬投与との妥当性のある時間関係を持ち、且つ併発症又は他の薬物或いは化学物質によって説明され得る、臨床的事象。
・死の結果をもたらす
・生命を脅かす(以下を参照)
・被験体の入院、又は現存の入院の延長を必要とする(以下を参照)
・持続的又は重大な身体障害又は不能状態を結果としてもたらす(以下を参照)。
・先天性異常又は出生異常を結果としてもたらす
・重大な医療事象を結果としてもたらす(以下を参照)。
・記述的統計及びグラフ式表現が主な解析ツールである。
・研究の両段階のための全ての被験体セットを使用して被験体の性質(disposition)を各用量レベルについて報告し、研究の用量漸増段階のみについて被験体のプロファイルを提示する。
・全ての解析のために、結果、及び個々の被験体データのグラフ表示を、用量レベルごとに示す。被験体が第1の処置時に割り当てられた用量レベルを全ての出力上で示す。
・連続変数:不足無しの観察(N)、平均、標準偏差、中間、最小、及び最大の数;95%のCIは適切な場合に提示される。
・カテゴリー変数:度数及びパーセンテージ。
・0日目:(1つのサンプルにつきおよそ5mL、合計60mL)最初の投与の30分前、及び0.5、1、2、3、4、6、及び8時間後。
・28日目:(1つのサンプルにつきおよそ5mL、合計60mL)28日目の最初の投与の直前、及び0.5、1、2、3、4、6、及び8時間後。
Claims (5)
- 式1を有する化合物、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩、或いは溶媒和物、及び1つ以上の抗癌剤を含む、被験体の膵臓癌を処置するのに使用するための組成物であって、
ここで、前記1つ以上の抗癌剤は、エルロチニブ、5-FU、オキサリプラチン、イリノテカン、ゲムシタビン、パクリタキセル、またはそれらの組み合わせである、
組成物。
- 前記1つ以上の抗癌剤は、ゲムシタビン、パクリタキセル、又はそれらの組み合わせである、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 自身の膵臓癌が、ゲムシタビン、パクリタキセル、又はそれらの組み合わせに対して抵抗性があり、難治性であり、或いは反応しない患者の処置に使用するための、式1を有する治療上有効な量の化合物、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩、或いは溶媒和物を含む、医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩、或いは溶媒和物が、経口、非経口、静脈内、又は注入によって投与される、請求項1又は3に記載の組成物。
- 免疫療法剤を更に含む、請求項1又は3に記載の組成物。
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