JP7345947B1 - Organic waste recycling equipment - Google Patents
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- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 73
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000589499 Thermus thermophilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002977 hyperthermial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
【課題】装置の大型化に伴うコスト増を抑制し、原料の舞い上がりや臭気の拡散による周辺環境の汚染の防止に有効な、有機性廃棄物資源化装置を提供する。【解決手段】横型円筒形状で、好気性超好熱菌により原料である有機性廃棄物を発酵処理する発酵処理容器１２、原料ホッパー２２、原料供給手段２０及び排出手段３０を備え、発酵処理容器を中心軸周りに回転させることにより所定日数かけて原料を発酵処理容器内の一端側から他端側に向けて徐々に移動させつつ発酵処理を行い、有機性廃棄物の資源化を行う有機性廃棄物資源化装置において、原料ホッパーの周囲を原料ホッパーの外壁との間に間隔を持った状態でジャケット５０により包囲して原料ホッパー内の原料である有機性廃棄物を加温するための加温ガスを通す加温ガス用空間５２を形成し、発酵処理容器内での発酵に伴って発生した排出ガスを供給する加温ガス通路６０を備えていることを特徴とする。【選択図】図１An object of the present invention is to provide an organic waste resource recycling device that is effective in suppressing cost increases due to increased size of the device and preventing pollution of the surrounding environment due to floating raw materials and diffusion of odors. [Solution] The fermentation processing container has a horizontal cylindrical shape and includes a fermentation processing container 12 for fermenting organic waste as a raw material by aerobic hyperthermophilic bacteria, a raw material hopper 22, a raw material supply means 20, and a discharge means 30. By rotating the container around its central axis, the raw materials are gradually moved from one end of the fermentation processing container to the other over a predetermined number of days, and fermentation processing is carried out, thereby converting organic waste into resources. In the waste recycling equipment, the raw material hopper is surrounded by a jacket 50 with a space between it and the outer wall of the raw material hopper to heat the organic waste that is the raw material in the raw material hopper. It is characterized in that it forms a heating gas space 52 through which warm gas passes, and is provided with a heating gas passage 60 that supplies exhaust gas generated during fermentation in the fermentation processing container. [Selection diagram] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、有機性廃棄物資源化装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an organic waste resource recycling device.
有機性廃棄物資源化装置としては、横型円筒形状で、好気性超好熱菌（以下、超高温菌と称することがある）により、原料である有機性廃棄物を発酵処理する発酵処理容器、この発酵処理容器の一端に設けられ、原料である有機性廃棄物を一時的に貯蔵する原料ホッパーを有し、この原料ホッパーに一時的に貯蔵された原料を前記発酵処理容器内に供給する原料供給手段、および前記発酵処理容器の他端に設けられ、発酵処理された処理済み原料を、前記発酵処理容器外に排出するための排出手段を備え、前記発酵処理容器を中心軸周りに回転させることにより、所定日数かけて原料を前記発酵処理容器内の一端側から他端側に向けて徐々に移動させつつ発酵処理を行い、有機性廃棄物の資源化、すなわち堆肥化・肥料化を行う有機性廃棄物堆肥化・肥料化装置、すなわち密閉型有機性廃棄物堆肥化・肥料化装置（以下、密閉型堆肥化装置という）が知られている。 The organic waste resource recycling device includes a fermentation processing container that has a horizontal cylindrical shape and ferments organic waste as a raw material using aerobic hyperthermophilic bacteria (hereinafter sometimes referred to as hyperthermophilic bacteria); A raw material hopper is provided at one end of the fermentation processing container and temporarily stores organic waste as a raw material, and the raw material temporarily stored in this raw material hopper is supplied into the fermentation processing container. a supply means, and a discharge means provided at the other end of the fermentation processing container for discharging the fermented raw material to the outside of the fermentation processing container, and rotating the fermentation processing container around a central axis. By doing so, the fermentation process is performed while the raw materials are gradually moved from one end side to the other end side in the fermentation processing container over a predetermined number of days, and organic waste is converted into resources, that is, composted and fertilized. BACKGROUND ART An organic waste composting/fertilizing device, that is, a closed type organic waste composting/fertilizing device (hereinafter referred to as a closed type composting device) is known.
ところで、このような密閉型堆肥化装置における原料である有機性廃棄物の一つとしては、下水汚泥が考えられるが、このような下水汚泥は、冬期にあっては氷点下になることも考えられる。 By the way, sewage sludge can be considered as one of the organic wastes that is the raw material for such closed composting equipment, and it is thought that such sewage sludge can reach temperatures below freezing in the winter. .
また、発酵処理に用いられる微生物として、本発明のように好気性超好熱菌を用いた場合、通常の温度であっても、前記菌の活動温度より低いという問題がある。 Furthermore, when aerobic hyperthermophilic bacteria are used as the microorganisms used in the fermentation process, as in the present invention, there is a problem that even the normal temperature is lower than the activity temperature of the bacteria.
このような問題を解決するため、特開平１１－２９２６６９号では、次のような構成の「好気性発酵肥料の製造方法および製造装置」を提案している。ただし、この公報で対象とされる発酵装置は、建屋の床に仕切り壁を設けて発酵槽とした開放型であり、本発明のような密閉型堆肥化装置ではない。 In order to solve such problems, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-292669 proposes "aerobically fermented fertilizer manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus" having the following configuration. However, the fermentation device covered by this publication is an open type with a partition wall provided on the floor of the building to form a fermentation tank, and is not a closed type composting device like the present invention.
前記公開公報に開示された好気性発酵肥料の製造方法は、好気性超高温菌を含む菌体培養物と有機廃棄物とからなる有機物原料を発酵槽内に堆積し有機物原料に空気を送り込んで発酵を進行させる好気性発酵肥料の製造方法において、発酵の開始前から発酵の初期の段階の間で有機物原料を加熱してその温度を所定の発酵温度以上に昇温させることを特徴とするものである。 The method for producing an aerobically fermented fertilizer disclosed in the above-mentioned publication includes depositing an organic raw material consisting of a bacterial culture containing aerobic hyperthermic bacteria and organic waste in a fermenter, and blowing air into the organic raw material. A method for producing an aerobically fermented fertilizer that progresses fermentation, characterized by heating the organic raw material between before the start of fermentation and during the initial stage of fermentation to raise the temperature to a predetermined fermentation temperature or higher. It is.
また、この製造方法において、発酵の開始前から発酵の初期の段階の間で有機物原料を加熱してその温度を所定の発酵温度以上に昇温させ、発酵の進行に伴って外部に放散される熱及び余剰熱を熱源とするヒートポンプにより吸入空気を加熱し、加熱した空気を有機物原料に送り込んで有機物原料の温度を所定の発酵温度以上に昇温させ、さらなる発酵の進行に伴って外部に放散される熱及び余剰熱を熱源とするヒートポンプにより吸入空気を加熱する工程を繰り返し行なうとともに、発酵の進行状況に応じて有機物原料の加熱温度を制御する方法が提案されている。 In addition, in this production method, the organic material is heated between the start of fermentation and the early stage of fermentation to raise its temperature to a predetermined fermentation temperature or higher, and as the fermentation progresses, the organic material is released to the outside. The intake air is heated by a heat pump that uses heat and surplus heat as a heat source, and the heated air is sent into the organic raw material to raise the temperature of the organic raw material to a predetermined fermentation temperature or higher, and is dissipated to the outside as fermentation progresses. A method has been proposed in which the step of heating intake air is repeatedly performed using a heat pump using the heat generated by the fermentation process and surplus heat as a heat source, and the heating temperature of the organic raw material is controlled according to the progress of fermentation.
前記公開公報に開示された好気性発酵肥料の製造装置は、床部に空気吹き出し口を有する発酵槽と、発酵槽内の有機物原料を周囲から加熱する原料加熱手段と、発酵の開始前に吸入空気を加熱するとともに発酵の進行に伴って外部に放散される熱及び余剰熱を吸収しこの熱を熱源として吸入空気を加熱することができる熱交換手段と、加熱された空気を発酵槽の空気吹き出し口に供給する空気送り込み手段とからなることを特徴とするものである。 The aerobically fermented fertilizer manufacturing apparatus disclosed in the above-mentioned publication includes a fermenter having an air outlet in the floor, a raw material heating means for heating the organic raw material in the fermenter from the surroundings, and A heat exchange means capable of heating the air and absorbing the heat dissipated to the outside as fermentation progresses and surplus heat, and using this heat as a heat source to heat the intake air, and the heated air is transferred to the air in the fermenter. It is characterized by comprising an air feeding means for supplying air to the air outlet.
また、この製造装置において、仕切り壁によって区画され床部に空気吹き出し口を有する発酵槽と、床部もしくは壁部又は床部と壁部の両方に取り付けてある伝熱パイプからなる原料加熱手段と、発酵槽の上方に設置してある熱吸収器及び送風機に連結してある空気加熱器並びにこの両者の間に設けてあり空気加熱器と伝熱パイプにそれぞれ熱を供給するヒートポンプとからなる熱交換手段と、空気加熱器によって加熱された空気を発酵槽の空気吹き出し口に供給する送風機及びダクトからなる空気送り込み手段とで構成することを特徴とする装置が提案されている。
In addition, in this manufacturing apparatus, a fermentation tank that is partitioned by a partition wall and has an air outlet in the floor, and a raw material heating means consisting of a heat transfer pipe attached to the floor or the wall or both the floor and the wall. , a heat absorber installed above the fermenter, an air heater connected to the blower, and a heat pump installed between the two that supplies heat to the air heater and heat transfer pipe, respectively. An apparatus has been proposed which is characterized by comprising an exchange means and an air supply means consisting of a blower and a duct for supplying air heated by an air heater to an air outlet of a fermenter.
上記公報による提案では、発酵の開始前から有機物原料を加熱してその温度を所定の発酵温度以上に昇温させるには、従来の発酵槽に追加して予熱のための槽を設けなければならず、設置場所が余分に必要となることもあいまって、コストの増大につながる。 According to the proposal in the above-mentioned publication, in order to heat the organic material before the start of fermentation and raise its temperature above the predetermined fermentation temperature, a preheating tank must be installed in addition to the conventional fermentation tank. Additionally, additional installation space is required, leading to increased costs.
また、上記の構成を本発明のような密閉型横型有機性廃棄物堆肥化・肥料化装置に用いた場合、装置の長さが長くなり、大型化してしまうという問題がある。 Further, when the above-mentioned configuration is used in a closed type horizontal organic waste composting/fertilizing device as in the present invention, there is a problem that the length of the device becomes long and the device becomes large.
さらに、原料供給手段の原料ホッパー内の原料に直接温風を吹き込んで、加温する場合には、この原料ホッパー自体は密閉型でないので、原料か粉塵となって舞うとともに、また加温により、ある程度発酵が進むので、臭気を伴う排ガスが拡散することにより、近隣の環境汚染につながるおそれがあるという問題も生じてくる。 Furthermore, when hot air is blown directly into the raw material in the raw material hopper of the raw material supply means to heat it, since the raw material hopper itself is not a closed type, the raw material will fly around as dust, and due to heating, As fermentation progresses to a certain extent, the problem arises that the odorous exhaust gas is diffused and may pollute the surrounding environment.
そこで、本発明は、従来装置の上記したような問題点を解消した有機性廃棄物資源化装置を提案することを目的とするものである。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to propose an organic waste recycling device that solves the above-mentioned problems of conventional devices.
上記課題は、下記（１）～（１０）の構成の有機性廃棄物資源化装置により解決される。
（１）
横型円筒形状で、好気性好熱菌により、原料である有機性廃棄物を発酵処理する発酵処理容器、この発酵処理容器の一端に設けられ、原料である有機性廃棄物を一時的に貯蔵する原料ホッパーを有し、この原料ホッパーに一時的に貯蔵された原料を前記発酵処理容器内に供給する原料供給手段、および前記発酵処理容器の他端に設けられ、発酵処理された処理済み原料を、前記発酵処理容器外に排出するための排出手段を備え、前記発酵処理容器を中心軸周りに回転させることにより、所定日数かけて原料を前記発酵処理容器内の一端側から他端側に向けて徐々に移動させつつ発酵処理を行い、有機性廃棄物の資源化を行う有機性廃棄物資源化装置において、
前記原料ホッパーの周囲を、該原料ホッパーの外壁との間に間隔を持った状態でジャケットにより包囲して、前記原料ホッパー内の原料である有機性廃棄物を加温するための加温ガスを通す加温ガス用空間を形成し、そして
前記発酵処理容器の他端から前記加温ガス用空間に延び、前記発酵処理容器内での発酵に伴って発生した排出ガスを該発酵処理容器から前記加温ガス用空間に加温ガスとして供給する加温ガス通路、
前記加温ガス通路に設けられ、内部を通る排出ガスを加温するための加温手段、
前記原料ホッパーに設けられ、該原料ホッパー内の原料の温度を監視する原料温度監視手段、および
前記原料温度監視手段により監視されている原料の温度が所定値未満となったとき、前記加温手段を作動して、前記加温ガス通路を流れる排出ガスの温度を上昇させる加温手段制御手段
を備えていることを特徴とする有機性廃棄物資源化装置。
（２）
前記発酵処理容器に、内部の原料を撹拌するための撹拌手段を設けた前記（１）の有機性廃棄物資源化装置。
（３）
前記加温ガス通路に、該加温ガス通路内を流れる排出ガスの温度を監視する排出ガス温度監視手段を設けるとともに、排出ガスの温度が所定値未満のとき、前記加温手段を作動して、前記加温ガス通路を流れる排出ガスの温度を上昇させる第２加温手段制御手段を設けた前記（１）の有機性廃棄物資源化装置。
（４）
前記発酵処理容器内に外部からの空気を導入するための通気管、この通気管に空気を送り込む通気ブロワ、および前記通気ブロワを連通する連通管路を備えている前記（１）の有機性廃棄物資源化装置。
（５）
前記通気管または連通管路に設けられ、通気管または連通管路を通る外部からの空気を加温する外部空気加温手段を備えている前記（４）の有機性廃棄物資源化装置。
（６）
前記加温ガス用空間内の加温ガスを、前記発酵処理容器内に導入する第１加温ガス導入管路を設けた前記（１）の有機性廃棄物資源化装置。
（７）
前記加温ガス用空間内の加温ガスを、前記通気ブロアに導入する第２加温ガス導入管路を設けた前記（４）の有機性廃棄物資源化装置。
（８）
前記第２加温ガス導入管路に設けられ、前記通気ブロアに送られる加温ガスを制御する開閉バルブを備えた前記（７）の有機性廃棄物資源化装置。
（９）
前記通気管を前記発酵処理容器の一端側に設けた前記（４）の有機性廃棄物資源化装置。
（１０）
前記発酵処理容器の他端側の内部に設けられ、該発酵処理容器において発酵された原料の含水率を監視する原料含水率監視手段を設け、この原料含水率監視手段によって検出された原料の含水率が所定値を超えたとき、前記加温手段制御手段をして、前記加温手段を制御し、前記加温ガス用空間に供給される加温ガスの温度を上昇させるようになっている前記（１）の有機性廃棄物資源化装置。
The above problem is solved by an organic waste recycling device having the following configurations (1) to ( 10 ).
(1)
A fermentation processing container with a horizontal cylindrical shape, in which organic waste, which is a raw material, is fermented by aerobic thermophilic bacteria.It is installed at one end of this fermentation processing container, and temporarily stores the organic waste, which is a raw material. A raw material supply means having a raw material hopper and supplying raw materials temporarily stored in the raw material hopper into the fermentation processing container; , comprising a discharge means for discharging outside the fermentation processing container, and by rotating the fermentation processing container around a central axis, the raw material is directed from one end side to the other end side within the fermentation processing container over a predetermined number of days. In an organic waste resource recycling device that performs fermentation treatment while gradually moving the organic waste,
The raw material hopper is surrounded by a jacket with a space between it and the outer wall of the raw material hopper, and heating gas is supplied to heat the organic waste that is the raw material in the raw material hopper. forming a space for heated gas to pass through, and extending from the other end of the fermentation processing container to the space for heating gas, and passing exhaust gas generated during fermentation in the fermentation processing container from the fermentation processing container to the heating gas space; a heating gas passage that supplies heating gas to the heating gas space;
a heating means provided in the heating gas passage for heating exhaust gas passing through the interior;
a raw material temperature monitoring means provided in the raw material hopper and monitoring the temperature of the raw material in the raw material hopper;
Heating means control means for activating the heating means to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing through the heated gas passage when the temperature of the raw material monitored by the raw material temperature monitoring means becomes less than a predetermined value.
An organic waste recycling device characterized by comprising:
(2)
The organic waste resource recycling apparatus according to (1) above, wherein the fermentation processing container is provided with a stirring means for stirring the raw material inside.
(3)
The heating gas passage is provided with an exhaust gas temperature monitoring means for monitoring the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing in the heating gas passage, and when the temperature of the exhaust gas is less than a predetermined value, the heating means is activated. , The organic waste resource recycling apparatus according to ( 1) above, further comprising a second heating means control means for increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing through the heating gas passage.
(4)
The organic waste according to (1) above, comprising a ventilation pipe for introducing air from the outside into the fermentation processing container, a ventilation blower for sending air into the ventilation pipe, and a communication pipe line for communicating the ventilation blower. Material recycling equipment.
(5)
The organic waste resource recycling apparatus according to ( 4) above, further comprising an external air heating means that is provided in the ventilation pipe or the communication pipe and heats air from the outside passing through the ventilation pipe or the communication pipe.
(6)
The organic waste resource recycling apparatus according to (1) above, further comprising a first heated gas introduction pipe for introducing the heated gas in the heated gas space into the fermentation processing container.
(7)
The organic waste recycling device according to ( 4) above, further comprising a second heated gas introduction pipe for introducing the heated gas in the heated gas space to the ventilation blower.
(8)
The organic waste recycling device according to ( 7) above, further comprising an on-off valve that is provided in the second heated gas introduction conduit and controls the heated gas sent to the ventilation blower.
(9)
The organic waste resource recycling apparatus according to ( 4) above, wherein the ventilation pipe is provided at one end side of the fermentation processing container.
(10)
A raw material moisture content monitoring means is provided inside the other end side of the fermentation treatment container and monitors the moisture content of the raw material fermented in the fermentation treatment vessel, and the moisture content of the raw material detected by the raw material moisture content monitoring means is provided. When the rate exceeds a predetermined value, the heating means control means controls the heating means to increase the temperature of the heating gas supplied to the heating gas space. The organic waste resource recycling device according to ( 1 ) above.
本発明の有機性廃棄物資源化装置においては、原料供給手段の原料ホッパー外側にジャケットを配し、加温ガス用空間を形成して、この加温ガス用空間内に加温用ガスを導入して原料を加温することとしたので、原料である有機性廃棄物の昇温および低含水量化を図れると共に、原料に直接加温ガスを吹き込まないので、原料の舞い上がりや臭気の拡散による周辺環境の汚染の防止に効果があるものである。
したがって、本発明の有機性廃棄物資源化装置は、肥料の製造を農地内で行うような都市型農業に用いて特に効果を発するものである。
In the organic waste resource recycling apparatus of the present invention, a jacket is arranged outside the raw material hopper of the raw material supply means to form a space for heating gas, and the heating gas is introduced into this space for heating gas. Since we decided to heat the raw material by heating the raw material, we can raise the temperature of the organic waste that is the raw material and reduce the water content.In addition, since we do not blow heating gas directly into the raw material, the surrounding area may be affected by the rising of the raw material or the diffusion of odors. It is effective in preventing environmental pollution.
Therefore, the organic waste resource recovery device of the present invention is particularly effective when used in urban agriculture where fertilizer production is carried out on farmland.
以下、添付図面を参照しつつ、本発明の実施の形態による有機性廃棄物資源化装置１０（以下、有機性廃棄物堆肥化・肥料化装置と称することもある）を説明する。 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An organic waste resource recycling apparatus 10 (hereinafter also referred to as an organic waste composting/fertilizing apparatus) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
有機性廃棄物堆肥化・肥料化装置１０は、横型円筒形状で、好気性好熱菌により、原料である有機性廃棄物を発酵処理する発酵処理容器１２、この発酵処理容器の一端１２ａに設けられた原料供給手段２０、および前記発酵処理容器１２の他端１２ｂに設けられ、発酵処理された処理済み原料ｍを、前記発酵処理容器外に排出するための排出手段３０を備えている。 The organic waste composting/fertilization device 10 has a horizontal cylindrical shape, and includes a fermentation processing container 12 for fermenting raw material organic waste using aerobic thermophilic bacteria, and a fermentation processing container 12 installed at one end 12a of the fermentation processing container. and a discharge means 30 provided at the other end 12b of the fermentation processing vessel 12 for discharging the fermented raw material m to the outside of the fermentation processing vessel.
前記原料供給手段２０は、原料ｍである有機性廃棄物を一時的に貯蔵する原料ホッパー２２を有し、この原料ホッパー２２には、その内部に一時的に貯蔵された原料を前記発酵処理容器内に供給するためのコンベア２４が設けられている。
前記原料ホッパー２２には、垂直に該原料ホッパー内に延びる回転軸２６ａと、この回転軸２６ａに取り付けられ水平に延びる撹拌羽根等の撹拌部材２６ｂが設けられた回転型の撹拌手段２６が設けられており、原料の舞い上がりや臭気の拡散が起こらない程度の周速（例えば、０．１～０．５ｍ／ｓ程度）で回転して、原料の撹拌を行うようになっている。この原料の撹拌により、原料に温度分布および含水率の分布の均一化が図れる。
The raw material supply means 20 has a raw material hopper 22 that temporarily stores organic waste as the raw material m, and the raw material hopper 22 stores the raw material temporarily stored therein into the fermentation processing vessel. A conveyor 24 is provided for feeding the inside.
The raw material hopper 22 is provided with a rotary stirring means 26, which includes a rotating shaft 26a extending vertically into the raw material hopper, and a stirring member 26b such as a stirring blade attached to the rotating shaft 26a and extending horizontally. It is designed to stir the raw materials by rotating at a circumferential speed (for example, about 0.1 to 0.5 m/s) that does not cause the raw materials to fly up or the odor to spread. By stirring the raw material, the temperature distribution and water content distribution of the raw material can be made uniform.
前記発酵処理容器１２は、固定の一対の端板１４および１６と、これらの間に中心軸の周りに回転可能に取り付けられた円筒形の発酵処理ドラム１８を有している。この発酵処理ドラム１８の内壁には、推進羽根１９が設けられている。この発酵処理ドラム１８は、回転駆動装置４０によって回転駆動され、その一端１２ａに投入された原料を推進羽根１９により、所定日数（例えば、２１日程度）かけて他端１２ｂ側に向けて徐々に移動させつつ発酵処理を行い、有機性廃棄物の資源化、すなわち堆肥化・肥料化を行うものである。なお、この発酵は、好気性好熱菌によって行われる。好熱菌とは、株式会社東京化学同人発行の「生化学辞典（第４版）によれば、通常５５℃以上で生育できる菌を指し、７５℃以上でも生育できる好熱菌を高度好熱菌、９０℃以上で生育できる菌を超好熱菌というとしている。本発明においては、高度好熱菌以上の菌（微生物）を用いることが望ましい。この好気性高度好熱菌としては、例えば、サーマス・サーモフィルス（Thermus thermophilus）等を用いることができる。このような、好気性高度好熱菌を用いて有機性廃棄物の発酵を行うことにより、例えば、資源化が堆肥化・肥料化である場合、植物の育成に害となる原料中の植物種子や病原菌等を分解死滅させることができる。 The fermentation processing container 12 has a pair of fixed end plates 14 and 16, and a cylindrical fermentation processing drum 18 rotatably attached around a central axis between them. Propulsion blades 19 are provided on the inner wall of this fermentation treatment drum 18 . This fermentation processing drum 18 is rotationally driven by a rotary drive device 40, and a propelling blade 19 gradually moves the raw material inputted into one end 12a toward the other end 12b over a predetermined number of days (for example, about 21 days). It performs fermentation processing while being moved, and converts organic waste into resources, ie, composts and fertilizers. Note that this fermentation is performed by aerobic thermophilic bacteria. According to the Biochemistry Dictionary (4th edition) published by Tokyo Kagaku Dojin Co., Ltd., thermophilic bacteria refers to bacteria that can normally grow at temperatures above 55°C, and thermophilic bacteria that can grow at temperatures above 75°C are called highly thermophilic. Bacteria that can grow at temperatures above 90°C are called hyperthermophiles. In the present invention, it is desirable to use bacteria (microorganisms) that are higher than hyperthermophiles. Examples of the aerobic hyperthermophiles include: , Thermus thermophilus, etc. By fermenting organic waste using such aerobic hyperthermophilic bacteria, it is possible to convert organic waste into compost or fertilizer, for example. In this case, it is possible to decompose and kill plant seeds, pathogenic bacteria, etc. in the raw materials that are harmful to plant growth.
前記原料ホッパー２２の周囲には、該原料ホッパーの外壁との間に間隔を持った状態で、該原料ホッパーを包囲するようにジャケット５０が配置されており、該原料ホッパー内の原料である有機性廃棄物を加温するための加温ガスを通す加温ガス用空間５２が形成されている。 A jacket 50 is arranged around the raw material hopper 22 so as to surround the raw material hopper with a space between it and the outer wall of the raw material hopper. A heating gas space 52 is formed through which heating gas for heating the waste is passed.
前記発酵処理容器１２の他端１２ｂから前記加温ガス用空間５２に延びるように、前記発酵処理容器内での発酵に伴って発生した排出ガスを該発酵処理容器から前記加温空気用空間に加温ガスとして供給する加温ガス通路６０が設けられている。この加温ガス通路６０の前記発酵処理容器１２の他端１２ｂ側には、発酵処理容器１２内に発酵に伴って発生する排出ガスを装置外に排出するための排気ファン６２が設けられている。 Exhaust gas generated during fermentation in the fermentation treatment container is transferred from the fermentation treatment container to the heated air space 52 so as to extend from the other end 12b of the fermentation treatment container 12 to the heated gas space 52. A heating gas passage 60 for supplying heating gas is provided. An exhaust fan 62 is provided on the other end 12b side of the fermentation processing container 12 of the heating gas passage 60 for discharging exhaust gas generated in the fermentation processing container 12 during fermentation to the outside of the apparatus. .
前記加温ガス通路６０には、内部を通る排出ガスを加温するための加温手段７０が設けられている。上記したように、本発明の有機性廃棄物堆肥化・肥料化装置においては、有機性廃棄物の発酵に超好熱菌を用いるので、原料である有機性廃棄物を発酵のために適温に予熱するためと、有機性廃棄物の含水率を適正値にする目的で、加温ガスを加温するために、この加温手段７０が設けられている。 The heating gas passage 60 is provided with a heating means 70 for heating the exhaust gas passing therethrough. As mentioned above, in the organic waste composting/fertilizing device of the present invention, hyperthermophilic bacteria are used for fermentation of organic waste, so the organic waste as a raw material is kept at an appropriate temperature for fermentation. This heating means 70 is provided to heat the heating gas for preheating and for the purpose of adjusting the moisture content of the organic waste to an appropriate value.
この加温手段７０の作動を制御するため、加温手段制御手段７２が設けられている。また、この加温手段制御手段７２により前記加温手段７０を目的に沿って制御するため、前記加温ガス通路６０には、排出ガス温度監視手段７４が設けられて、その中を流れる加温ガスの温度を検出・監視している。また、前記原料ホッパー２２内には、原料温度監視手段７６が設けられて、該原料ホッパー内の原料の温度を検出・監視している。更には、前記発酵処理容器１２の前記他端１２ｂの内部または前記排出手段３０には、発酵原料含水率監視手段７８が設けられて、その部分に存在する発酵原料の含水率を検出・監視している。
前記排出ガス温度監視手段７４は、排出ガス（加温ガス）の温度が所定温度（例えば、４０℃）を下回るとき、それを知らせる信号を前記加温手段制御手段７２に送って、前記加温手段７０を作動するようになっている。前記原料温度監視手段７６は、原料の温度が所定温度（例えば、３５℃～４０℃、特に３５℃）を下回るとき、それを知らせる信号を前記加温手段制御手段７２に送って、前記加温手段７０を作動するようになっている。前記発酵原料含水率監視手段７８は、発酵原料の含水率が所定値（例えば３０％～４０％、特に３５％）を超えているとき、それを知らせる信号を前記加温手段制御手段７２に送って、前記加温手段７０を作動するようになっている。
In order to control the operation of the heating means 70, a heating means control means 72 is provided. Further, in order to control the heating means 70 according to the purpose by the heating means control means 72, the heating gas passage 60 is provided with an exhaust gas temperature monitoring means 74, and the heating gas flowing through the heating gas passage 60 is provided with an exhaust gas temperature monitoring means 74. Detects and monitors gas temperature. Further, a raw material temperature monitoring means 76 is provided in the raw material hopper 22 to detect and monitor the temperature of the raw material in the raw material hopper. Furthermore, a fermentation raw material moisture content monitoring means 78 is provided inside the other end 12b of the fermentation treatment container 12 or in the discharge means 30, and detects and monitors the moisture content of the fermentation raw material present in that part. ing.
When the temperature of the exhaust gas (warming gas) falls below a predetermined temperature (for example, 40° C.), the exhaust gas temperature monitoring means 74 sends a signal to the heating means control means 72 to notify the temperature of the exhaust gas (warming gas). The means 70 are adapted to be actuated. When the temperature of the raw material falls below a predetermined temperature (for example, 35° C. to 40° C., particularly 35° C.), the raw material temperature monitoring means 76 sends a signal to the heating means controlling means 72 to notify the temperature of the raw material, and The means 70 are adapted to be actuated. When the moisture content of the fermentation raw material exceeds a predetermined value (for example, 30% to 40%, particularly 35%), the fermentation raw material moisture content monitoring means 78 sends a signal to the heating means control means 72 to notify it. Then, the heating means 70 is activated.
有機性廃棄物堆肥化・肥料化装置１０には、前記好気性好熱菌による有機性廃棄物である原料の発酵が良好に進行するように、該発酵処理容器１２内の原料を加温する通気手段９０が設けられている。 In the organic waste composting/fertilizing device 10, the raw material in the fermentation processing container 12 is heated so that the fermentation of the raw material, which is organic waste, by the aerobic thermophilic bacteria progresses favorably. Venting means 90 are provided.
この通気手段９０は、少なくとも前記発酵処理容器１２の一端１２ａに（好ましくは、他端１２ｂにも）設けられた通気管９２、９４を備えている。これらの通気管９２、９４の先端は、発酵処理容器１２の下部空間内に延びている。これらの通気管９２、９４には、連通管路９６によって通気ブロア９８が連通されており、この通気プロア９８からの外気が供給されて、発酵処理容器１２内の原料に空気（酸素）を送り込み、発酵に寄与する好気性菌を活性化する。前記通気管９２、９４には、発酵処理容器１２内に供給される外気を加温して、発酵の一助となるようにする外気加温手段９２ａ、９４ｂが設けられている。 This ventilation means 90 includes ventilation pipes 92 and 94 provided at least at one end 12a of the fermentation processing container 12 (preferably also at the other end 12b). The tips of these vent pipes 92 and 94 extend into the lower space of the fermentation processing container 12. A ventilation blower 98 is connected to these ventilation pipes 92 and 94 through a communication pipe line 96, and outside air is supplied from this ventilation blower 98 to send air (oxygen) to the raw materials in the fermentation processing container 12. , activating aerobic bacteria that contribute to fermentation. The ventilation pipes 92 and 94 are provided with outside air heating means 92a and 94b for heating the outside air supplied into the fermentation processing container 12 to aid in fermentation.
前記加温ガス用空間５２には、該加温ガス用空間５２から排出される加温ガスを前記発酵処理容器１２の上部空間に導入するための第１加温ガス導入管路１００が接続されていることが好ましい。この第１加温ガス導入管路１００により、加温ガスを前記発酵処理容器１２の上部空間に導入する。 A first heated gas introduction pipe 100 for introducing the heated gas discharged from the heated gas space 52 into the upper space of the fermentation processing container 12 is connected to the heated gas space 52. It is preferable that The first heated gas introduction pipe 100 introduces the heated gas into the upper space of the fermentation processing container 12 .
前記加温ガス用空間５２内の加温ガスは、第２加温ガス導入管路１０２を設けて、前記通気ブロア９８に導入するようにしてもよい。これは、低温である外気の導入を少なくし、効果的な熱循環を行うためである。すなわち、廃蒸気の吸出、顕熱にかかるコストの削減が見込まれる。 The heated gas in the heated gas space 52 may be introduced into the ventilation blower 98 by providing a second heated gas introduction pipe 102. This is to reduce the introduction of low-temperature outside air and to perform effective heat circulation. In other words, it is expected that the costs associated with sucking out waste steam and sensible heat will be reduced.
上記した加温ガス通路６０には、切り替えバルブ６０ａを設けて、加温ガスを外部に放出してもよい。この加温ガスの臭気を、取り除くため、図示したように薬液洗浄器１０４を設けることが好ましい。また、連通管路９６、第１加温ガス導入管路１００および第２加温ガス導入管路１０２には、それぞれその中を流れるガスの流量を制御するための開閉バルブ９６ａ、１００ａ、１０２ａを設けてもよい。 The heating gas passage 60 described above may be provided with a switching valve 60a to discharge the heating gas to the outside. In order to remove the odor of this heated gas, it is preferable to provide a chemical washer 104 as shown. Further, the communication pipe 96, the first heated gas introduction pipe 100, and the second heated gas introduction pipe 102 are provided with on-off valves 96a, 100a, and 102a, respectively, for controlling the flow rate of gas flowing therethrough. It may be provided.
本発明の有機性廃棄物堆肥化・肥料化装置１０においては、上記の構成により、原料ホッパーにおける原料を３０℃～４０℃以上に加温し（これに伴い含水率を下げ）、これを発酵処理容器内に導入しているので、原料ホッパーへの投入時から速やかに発酵が開始され、発酵処理容器から排出される時には、良好に発酵した堆肥・肥料状態となっている。 In the organic waste composting/fertilizing device 10 of the present invention, with the above configuration, the raw material in the raw material hopper is heated to 30°C to 40°C or higher (accompanyingly lowering the moisture content), and the raw material is fermented. Since it is introduced into the processing container, fermentation starts promptly from the time it is introduced into the raw material hopper, and when it is discharged from the fermentation processing container, it is in a well-fermented compost/manure state.
１０ 有機性廃棄物堆肥化・肥料化装置
１２ 発酵処理容器
２０ 原料供給手段
２２ 原料ホッパー
２４ コンベア
２６ 攪拌部材
３０ 排出手段
４０ 回転駆動装置
５０ ジャケット
５２ 加温ガス用空間
６０ 加温ガス通路
７０ 加温手段
10 Organic waste composting/fertilizing device 12 Fermentation processing container 20 Raw material supply means 22 Raw material hopper 24 Conveyor 26 Stirring member 30 Discharge means 40 Rotary drive device 50 Jacket 52 Warming gas space 60 Warming gas passage 70 Warming means
Claims (10)
前記原料ホッパーの周囲を、該原料ホッパーの外壁との間に間隔を持った状態でジャケットにより包囲して、前記原料ホッパー内の原料である有機性廃棄物を加温するための加温ガスを通す加温ガス用空間を形成し、そして
前記発酵処理容器の他端から前記加温ガス用空間に延び、前記発酵処理容器内での発酵に伴って発生した排出ガスを該発酵処理容器から前記加温ガス用空間に加温ガスとして供給する加温ガス通路、
前記加温ガス通路に設けられ、内部を通る排出ガスを加温するための加温手段、
前記原料ホッパーに設けられ、該原料ホッパー内の原料の温度を監視する原料温度監視手段、および
前記原料温度監視手段により監視されている原料の温度が所定値未満となったとき、前記加温手段を作動して、前記加温ガス通路を流れる排出ガスの温度を上昇させる加温手段制御手段
を備えていることを特徴とする有機性廃棄物資源化装置。 A fermentation processing container with a horizontal cylindrical shape, in which organic waste, which is a raw material, is fermented by aerobic thermophilic bacteria.It is installed at one end of this fermentation processing container, and temporarily stores the organic waste, which is a raw material. A raw material supply means having a raw material hopper and supplying raw materials temporarily stored in the raw material hopper into the fermentation processing container; , comprising a discharge means for discharging outside the fermentation processing container, and by rotating the fermentation processing container around a central axis, the raw material is directed from one end side to the other end side within the fermentation processing container over a predetermined number of days. In an organic waste resource recycling device that performs fermentation treatment while gradually moving the organic waste,
The raw material hopper is surrounded by a jacket with a space between it and the outer wall of the raw material hopper, and heating gas is supplied to heat the organic waste that is the raw material in the raw material hopper. forming a space for heated gas to pass through, and extending from the other end of the fermentation processing container to the space for heating gas, and passing exhaust gas generated during fermentation in the fermentation processing container from the fermentation processing container to the heating gas space; a heating gas passage that supplies heating gas to the heating gas space;
a heating means provided in the heating gas passage for heating exhaust gas passing through the interior;
a raw material temperature monitoring means provided in the raw material hopper and monitoring the temperature of the raw material in the raw material hopper;
Heating means control means for activating the heating means to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing through the heated gas passage when the temperature of the raw material monitored by the raw material temperature monitoring means becomes less than a predetermined value.
An organic waste recycling device characterized by comprising:
A raw material moisture content monitoring means is provided inside the other end side of the fermentation treatment container and monitors the moisture content of the raw material fermented in the fermentation treatment vessel, and the moisture content of the raw material detected by the raw material moisture content monitoring means is provided. When the rate exceeds a predetermined value, the heating means control means controls the heating means to increase the temperature of the heating gas supplied to the heating gas space. The organic waste resource recycling device according to claim 1.
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