CN216039331U

CN216039331U - Stirring type solid composting device

Info

Publication number: CN216039331U
Application number: CN202122281297.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈光友; 马志卿; 吴华; 王勇; 李永强
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2021-09-18
Filing date: 2021-09-18
Publication date: 2022-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-18

Abstract

The utility model discloses a stirring type solid composting device which is provided with a composting bin, wherein one side of the composting bin is communicated with a steam sterilization system, and the other side of the composting bin is provided with an exhaust port; a stirring system is axially arranged in the compost bin and is deviated to the bottom of the compost bin; the top of the composting bin is provided with a feeding hole, and the bottom of the composting bin is provided with a discharging hole. The utility model provides an initial reaction temperature for compost by steam heating and stirring, and the heating amount is fed back by the temperature probe, so that the device has the characteristics of high heating efficiency, uniform temperature distribution and difficult occurrence of local overheating; in the aerobic composting process, the compost is cooled and supplied with oxygen by stirring and blowing, and is moisturized by a spray head at the top. The waste gas generated in the composting process can be led out through an exhaust pipeline. After composting, the discharge door at the lower part of the box body is opened, and stirring is simultaneously started, so that products can be automatically discharged, and the labor capacity is reduced.

Description

Stirring type solid composting device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of organic waste compost treatment equipment, in particular to agricultural waste compost treatment equipment, namely a stirring type solid compost device.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, and along with the development of rural urbanization and the change of life style, a large part of agricultural straws originally used as fuel and feed become waste, which not only brings environmental pollution and becomes a fire hazard, but also causes the waste of resources; meanwhile, due to the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, a large amount of excrement is produced, and serious atmospheric and water body pollution is caused. By scientifically treating the agricultural wastes and recycling the agricultural wastes, the sustainable development of industry and ecology is facilitated.

The aerobic composting technology can effectively reduce and make harmless agricultural wastes, can realize resource utilization and high-value utilization, and is a research hotspot in related fields at home and abroad at present. By controlling the conditions such as aerobic composting conditions (C/N, raw material composition, water content, pile turning frequency, composting time) and the like, the degradation process of organic wastes can be accelerated, the emission of greenhouse gases and malodorous gases can be reduced, the content of agricultural beneficial bacteria can be increased, the soil microbial structure can be improved, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases can be inhibited.

The existing composting process is mainly oriented to large-scale production, mature large composting equipment is not available in the market, and systematic research on composting process parameters needs to be carried out on a pilot scale in order to achieve higher composting efficiency, reduce harmful gas emission and adjust the types and the quantity of agricultural probiotics. Present laboratory compost experimental facilities are many comparatively crude, are difficult to realize automatic regularly turning over the heap, and fermentation conditions such as temperature and humidity are all by manual operation, not only inefficiency, and adjust the accuracy poor. The experimental equipment reported in the prior literature and patents is too complex, high in cost, large in difference with the production process, or incomplete in function, and is difficult to meet the pilot test requirements of automatic material mixing, timed pile turning, humidification and the like. Therefore, development of a small and medium-sized device capable of meeting the pilot study of the composting process is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide a stirring type solid composting device to solve the problems that the existing composting device is poor in sealing performance, high in labor consumption, incapable of automatically turning piles and the like.

In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides a solution that:

a stirring type solid composting device is provided with a composting bin, one side of the composting bin is communicated with a steam sterilization system, and the other side of the composting bin is provided with an exhaust port; a stirring system is axially arranged in the compost bin and is deviated to the bottom of the compost bin; the top of the composting bin is provided with a feeding hole, and the bottom of the composting bin is provided with a discharging hole.

Optionally, the stirring system comprises a stirring motor, a speed reducer, a stirring bracket and a stirring paddle which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction; the stirring rake include the transmission shaft and install at the epaxial stirring vane of transmission, the transmission shaft install on the reduction gear, adopt mechanical seal structure to seal between transmission shaft and the compost storehouse bulkhead.

Optionally, the stirring blades are multiple, the stirring blades are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the transmission shaft, and the installation directions of the adjacent stirring blades are mutually perpendicular.

Optionally, the steam sterilization system comprises a pipeline tee joint communicated with the composting bin, and the pipeline tee joint is respectively connected with a pipeline fan and a steam generator.

Optionally, a spray head and a temperature and humidity sensor are further arranged at the top of the compost bin.

Optionally, the upper part of the longitudinal section of the compost bin is rectangular, and the lower part of the longitudinal section of the compost bin is semicircular; the lower edge of the maximum circle drawn by one rotation of the stirring system is at least 10mm higher than the bottom wall of the composting bin.

Optionally, a feeding door is arranged on the feeding port; the feeding door comprises a reinforcing ring arranged along the edge of the feeding port in a surrounding mode, a door plate covering the feeding port is arranged, and one side of the door plate is installed on the reinforcing ring through a hinge.

Optionally, a discharge door is arranged on the discharge port; the structure of the discharging door is the same as that of the feeding door; the discharge gate setting on the end lateral wall in compost storehouse, 20mm is no less than to the base of discharge gate apart from the perpendicular distance of compost storehouse bottom.

Optionally, the wall surface structure of the compost bin consists of three layers, wherein the inner layer and the outer layer are stainless steel layers, and the middle layer is a heat-insulating material layer.

Optionally, the distance between the center of the exhaust port and the top of the compost bin is 50-150 mm.

According to the technical scheme, the initial reaction temperature is provided for the compost in a steam heating and stirring mode, the heating amount is fed back through the temperature probe, and the method has the characteristics of high heating efficiency, uniform temperature distribution and difficulty in local overheating; in the aerobic composting process, the compost is cooled and supplied with oxygen by stirring and blowing, and is moisturized by a spray head at the top. The waste gas generated in the composting process can be led out through an exhaust pipeline. After composting, the discharge door at the lower part of the box body is opened, and stirring is simultaneously started, so that products can be automatically discharged, and the labor capacity is reduced.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the configuration of an agitated solid composting apparatus of the utility model;

FIG. 2 is a view from the other side of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a stirring system of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the compost bin of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a specific structure of the feed gate of the present invention;

the notation in the figure is: 1-compost bin, 11-feed inlet, 12-feed inlet, 121-reinforcing ring, 122-door panel, 123-hinge, 13-spray head, 14-temperature and humidity sensor, 15-discharge outlet, 16-discharge outlet, 17-exhaust outlet and 18-liquid discharge valve;

2-a steam sterilization system, 21-a pipeline fan, 22-a pipeline tee joint and 23-a steam generator;

3-stirring system, 31-stirring motor, 32-speed reducer, 33-stirring support, 34-stirring blade and 35-transmission shaft.

Detailed Description

The design idea, street characteristics and technical effects of the present invention will be fully described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the utility model. Based on the embodiments described in the present disclosure, other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the relevant art without invasive labor are within the scope of the present disclosure.

With reference to fig. 1-5, the stirring type solid composting device of the present invention is provided with a composting bin 1, wherein one side of the composting bin 1 is communicated with a steam sterilization system 2, and the other side is provided with an exhaust port 17; a stirring system 3 is axially arranged in the composting bin 1, and the stirring system 3 is deviated to the bottom of the composting bin 1; the top of the composting bin 1 is provided with a feeding hole 11, and the bottom is provided with a discharging hole 15. The heating mode of the materials in the composting bin 1 is steam, and when the materials need to be heated, the stirring system 3 is started and the steam is introduced through the steam sterilization system 2. By adopting the heating mode, the phenomenon that the heat insulation material is melted and a fire disaster is caused due to the heating of the internal heating device can be avoided. The cooling and turning mode of the materials in the composting bin is a mode combining stirring and ventilation of the stirring system 3. The turning mode is an intermittent mode which adopts a time relay to control the stirring system 3.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the stirring system 3 includes a stirring motor 31, a speed reducer 32, a stirring bracket 33, and a stirring paddle, which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction; the stirring paddle comprises a transmission shaft 35 and stirring blades 34 arranged on the transmission shaft 35, the transmission shaft 35 is arranged on the speed reducer 32, and the transmission shaft 35 and the wall of the composting bin 1 are sealed by adopting a mechanical sealing structure. The speed reducer 32 is connected with the transmission shaft 35 through a universal joint, so that stress caused by non-collinear connection between an output shaft of the speed reducer 32 and the transmission shaft 35 due to installation errors is eliminated, and impact on the stirring motor 31 caused by repeated starting and stopping is reduced.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, there are a plurality of stirring blades 34, the plurality of stirring blades 34 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 35, and the installation directions of the adjacent stirring blades 34 are perpendicular to each other. The adjacent stirring blades 34 of the stirring paddle are vertically arranged, the stirring blades 34 are of a propelling type, and the sealing mode of the transmission shaft 35 and the inner wall of the composting bin 1 is mechanical sealing, such as a sealing bearing structure.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the steam sterilization system 2 includes a pipeline tee 22 communicated with the composting bin 1, and the pipeline tee 22 is connected with a pipeline fan 21 and a steam generator 23 respectively. The ventilating device adopts the pipeline type fan 21, the internal resistance of the composting bin 1 can be ignored, and the ventilating pipeline is short, so that the fan is light in weight, a bearing support does not need to be additionally arranged, the power and the noise are low, and the influence on the environment is small. A one-way air valve is required to be arranged behind the pipeline fan 21, so that when only steam is introduced for heating, the steam cannot overflow through the fan, and heat loss and damage to the fan are caused.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, a spray head 13 and a temperature and humidity sensor 14 are also arranged at the top of the compost bin. The temperature and the humidity are controlled by a temperature and humidity controller.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, the upper part of the longitudinal section of the compost bin 1 is rectangular, and the lower part is semicircular; the lower edge of the maximum circle drawn by the stirring system 3 rotating for a circle is at least 10mm higher than the bottom wall of the composting bin 1, so that the effective overturning and ventilation effects on materials are guaranteed.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a feeding gate 12 is disposed on the feeding port 11; the feeding gate 12 includes a reinforcing ring 121 disposed around the edge of the feeding port 11, and a door plate 122 covering the feeding port 11, wherein one side of the door plate 122 is mounted on the reinforcing ring 121 through a hinge 123. The limit length is greater than the trompil that feed inlet 11 was in on the inner wall respectively in the reinforcement circle 121, and door plant 122 is the sealing door, and the sealing door adopts hinge 123's connected mode with 1 inner wall in compost storehouse, conveniently opens.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the discharge port 15 is provided with a discharge door 16; the structure of the discharging door 16 is the same as that of the feeding door 12; the discharge port 15 is arranged on the bottom side wall of the composting bin 1, and the vertical distance between the bottom edge of the discharge port 15 and the bottom of the composting bin 1 is not less than 20 mm. The outer sides of the feed inlet 11 and the discharge outlet 15 are covered with heat-insulating layers, the inner sides of the heat-insulating layers are provided with polymer sealing gaskets, and the openings of the spray head 13 and the temperature and humidity sensor 14 are sealed by rubber plugs to prevent gas leakage.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, the wall surface structure of the compost bin 1 is composed of three layers, wherein the inner layer and the outer layer are stainless steel layers, and the middle layer is a heat-insulating material layer. The heat preservation cotton layer can be selected as the heat preservation material layer, as shown in figure 4, the heat preservation material is coated outside the inner layer of the composting bin 1, and is made of a single-sided self-adhesive sponge material, and the thickness of the material is 10-50 mm, so that the composting bin is suitable for different use environments.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, the distance between the center of the air outlet 17 and the top of the compost bin 1 is 50-150 mm. The air inlet (namely the pipeline tee joint 22) and the air outlet 17 are arranged on the side surface of the composting bin 1, so that the resistance of the fertilizer pile can be prevented in the ventilation process, the local overheating phenomenon of the fertilizer pile can be avoided in the steam heating process, and the adverse effect on the activity of microorganisms can be avoided. A liquid discharge valve 18 is also arranged at the bottom of the composting bin 1 and is used for discharging waste liquid.

The working principle of the utility model is as follows:

closing the drain valve 18 and the discharge port 15, opening the feed port 11, opening the stirring motor 31, starting stirring, adding materials to be composted, then opening the spray nozzle 13 while stirring, spraying metered water, and starting the steam generator 23 while spraying water. After the materials and water are uniformly mixed and the fertilizer pile is raised to the required fermentation starting temperature (37 ℃), adding a compost fermentation heating microbial inoculum, closing a feed inlet 11 door, and continuously stirring for 10 minutes. The control mode is then adjusted to "automatic". As the composting bin adopts a good heat-insulating layer, the vapor-liquid balance between the materials in the composting bin and the gas phase can be considered to be achieved, so that the temperature and humidity of the gas phase are approximately equal to those of the solid phase. In an automatic mode, if the temperature of the fertilizer pile is below the highest temperature (such as 80 ℃) set by a temperature and humidity controller, a time relay is utilized, an intermittent periodic stirring mode is adopted, and the pipeline fan 21 is started while stirring is started to ventilate the interior of the fertilizer pile. When the internal temperature exceeds the set maximum temperature, the temperature is reduced to below the set maximum temperature in a mode of simultaneously starting the stirring paddle and the pipeline fan 21. When the humidity is lower than the set value, the spray head 13 and the stirring paddle are simultaneously opened to humidify the fertilizer pile. When the temperature of the compost is reduced to about 40 ℃ and tends to be stable, the compost is close to the end, and the physical and chemical indexes and the biological indexes of the compost are sampled and analyzed. After the degree of decomposition reaches the requirement, the discharge door 16 is opened, and the stirring motor 21 is opened, so that the organic fertilizer flows out from the discharge hole 15. After the organic fertilizer is discharged, the liquid discharge valve 18 can be opened to discharge residual liquid or compost slag as required. Flushing operation of the compost bin 1: the spray head 13 and drain valve 18 are opened until the desired flush is achieved. The compost bin 1 is sterilized, the liquid discharge valve 18 and each bin door are closed, the steam generator 23 is opened, and the sterilization time and temperature are set as required (not exceeding 100 ℃).

The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various combinations that are possible in the present disclosure are not described again.

In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A stirring type solid composting device is characterized in that a composting bin (1) is arranged, one side of the composting bin (1) is communicated with a steam sterilization system (2), and the other side of the composting bin is provided with an exhaust port (17);

a stirring system (3) is axially arranged in the compost bin (1), and the stirring system (3) is deviated to the bottom of the compost bin (1);

the top of the composting bin (1) is provided with a feeding hole (11), and the bottom is provided with a discharging hole (15).

2. The stirring type solid composting device according to claim 1, wherein the stirring system (3) comprises a stirring motor (31), a speed reducer (32), a stirring bracket (33) and a stirring paddle which are arranged in sequence along the axial direction;

the stirring rake include transmission shaft (35) and install stirring vane (34) on transmission shaft (35), transmission shaft (35) install on reduction gear (32), adopt mechanical seal structure to seal between transmission shaft (35) and compost storehouse (1) bulkhead.

3. An agitated solid composting device as claimed in claim 2 wherein there are a plurality of agitating blades (34), and a plurality of agitating blades (34) are axially spaced along the drive shaft (35) and adjacent agitating blades (34) are mounted in mutually perpendicular directions.

4. An agitated solid composting apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the steam sterilisation system (2) includes a pipe tee (22) in communication with the composting bin (1), the pipe tee (22) being connected to a pipe fan (21) and a steam generator (23) respectively.

5. An agitated solid composting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein a spray head (13) and a temperature and humidity sensor (14) are also provided at the top of the composting bin.

6. An agitated solid composting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the longitudinal cross-section of the composting bin (1) is rectangular at the top and semi-circular at the bottom;

the lower edge of the maximum circle drawn by one rotation of the stirring system (3) is at least 10mm higher than the bottom wall of the composting bin (1).

7. An agitated solid composting device as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 wherein the feed inlet (11) is provided with a feed gate (12);

the feeding door (12) comprises a reinforcing ring (121) arranged along the edge of the feeding port (11) in a surrounding mode, a door plate (122) covering the feeding port (11), and one side of the door plate (122) is installed on the reinforcing ring (121) through a hinge (123).

8. An agitated solid composting device as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 wherein the outlet (15) is provided with an outlet door (16);

the structure of the discharging door (16) is the same as that of the feeding door (12);

discharge gate (15) set up on the end lateral wall in compost storehouse (1), 20mm are no less than to the base of discharge gate (15) apart from the perpendicular distance of compost storehouse (1) bottom.

9. An agitated solid composting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the wall structure of the composting bin (1) is made up of three layers, the inner and outer layers being stainless steel layers and the intermediate layer being a layer of insulating material.

10. An agitated solid composting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the distance between the centre of the vent (17) and the top of the composting bin (1) is 50 to 150 mm.