JP7335338B2 - 二酸化炭素を1つ又は複数の小有機化合物に変換するための方法及び製品 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素を1つ又は複数の小有機化合物に変換するための方法及び製品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7335338B2 JP7335338B2 JP2021536406A JP2021536406A JP7335338B2 JP 7335338 B2 JP7335338 B2 JP 7335338B2 JP 2021536406 A JP2021536406 A JP 2021536406A JP 2021536406 A JP2021536406 A JP 2021536406A JP 7335338 B2 JP7335338 B2 JP 7335338B2
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Description
本出願は、2018年12月21日に出願された豪州特許仮出願第2018904898号に対する優先権を主張し、その内容は、参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
CO2及び/又はその関連形態の供給源、
CO2及び/又はその関連形態への曝露のための、ベータ粒子を放出する放射性核種と密接に結合したワイドバンドギャップ半導体を含む反応容器、並びに
CO2及び/又はその関連形態をワイドバンドギャップ半導体及び放射性核種に曝露することによって生成される1つ又は複数の小有機化合物を抽出するための手段を備える、システムを提供する。
CO2及び/又はその関連形態を、候補のワイドバンドギャップ半導体と結合した、ベータ粒子を放出する放射性核種に曝露する工程、並びに
候補のワイドバンドギャップ半導体がCO2及び/又はその関連形態を1つ又は複数の小有機化合物に変換する能力を決定し、それによって、ベータ粒子によるワイドバンドギャップ半導体の活性化によってCO2及び/又はその関連形態を1つ又は複数の小有機化合物に変換するためのワイドバンドギャップ半導体として、候補のワイドバンドギャップ半導体を識別する工程を含む、方法を提供する。
である。
CO2及び/又はその関連形態の供給源、並びに
CO2及び/又はその関連形態への曝露のための、ベータ粒子を放出する放射性核種と密接に結合したワイドバンドギャップ半導体を含む反応容器を含む、システムを提供する。
CO2及び/又はその関連形態の供給源、
CO2及び/又はその関連形態への曝露のための、ベータ粒子を放出する放射性核種と密接に結合したワイドバンドギャップ半導体を含む反応容器、並びに
CO2及び/又はその関連形態をワイドバンドギャップ半導体及び放射性核種に曝露することによって生成される1つ又は複数の小有機化合物を抽出するための手段を備える、システムを提供する。
CO2及び/又はその関連形態の供給源、
CO2及び/又はその関連形態への曝露のための、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体と、ベータ粒子を放出する放射性核種とを含む反応容器、並びに
CO2及び/又はその関連形態をワイドバンドギャップ半導体及び放射性核種に曝露することによって生成される1つ又は複数の小有機化合物を抽出するための手段を備える、システムを提供する。
CO2及び/又はその関連形態の供給源、
CO2及び/又はその関連形態への曝露のための、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体と、ベータ粒子を放出する放射性核種とを含む放射性触媒を含む反応容器、並びに
CO2及び/又はその関連形態を放射性触媒に曝露することによって生成される1つ又は複数の小有機化合物を抽出するための手段を備える、システムを提供する。
CO2及び/又はその関連形態を、候補のワイドバンドギャップ半導体と密接に結合した、ベータ粒子を放出する放射性核種に曝露する工程、並びに候補のワイドバンドギャップ半導体がCO2及び/又はその関連形態を1つ又は複数の小有機化合物に変換する能力を決定し、それによって、ベータ粒子による半導体の活性化によってCO2及び/又はその関連形態を1つ又は複数の小有機化合物に変換するためのワイドバンドギャップ半導体として、候補のワイドバンドギャップ半導体を識別する工程を含む、方法を提供する。
1.概要
1つ又は複数の小有機化合物(メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール又はギ酸等)への二酸化炭素(CO2)の変換を実証するため、概念実証試験を行った。
(i)β放射体存在下での反応
概念実証試験は、特殊なベータ線源、すなわち「90Y担持ポリマー微粒子」と呼ばれる、イットリウム90(90Y)同位体を担持した多数の官能化ポリスチレン樹脂マイクロビーズ(直径18~30μm)の有用性及び形態を中心に設計した。このようなビーズは入手可能であり、転移性肝腫瘍を抑制するための放射線塞栓療法として使用されている。
非放射性の「ブランク」反応容器(NaHCO3のみ、及びNaHCO3とSrTiO3)を対照としてセットアップし、90Y試験について概説したものと同じ条件を使用した(図2)。実験は90Y実験と並行して実行し、試料を同時に収集し、0.22μmのセルロースフィルターでろ過して懸濁物質を除去した。該試料は、認可された外部の研究所によって分析された。
3つの反応環境のそれぞれ、すなわち、ベータ放射体存在下及びブランクの容器において、メタノール(CH3OH)、エタノール(CH3CH2OH)、プロパノール、(CH3CH2CH2OH)及びギ酸(HCOOH)の存在について分析を行った。他の有機化合物、特にメタン(CH4)、一酸化炭素(CO)、及びホルムアルデヒド(HCHO)のレベルは、実験構成中での捕捉が困難と思われたため、この実験では測定しなかった。
ベータ粒子を放出する放射性核種は、該放射性核種が廃棄物又は負債と見なされるもの等の供給源、例えば、注目すべき放射性核種が14C、90Sr、99Tc、3H、及び137Csである原子力産業処理施設から得ることができる。これらの核種は通常、吸着された塩種のように処理水流(aqueous process streams)から単離される。
本開示は、ある種の放射性粒子のエネルギーを利用して、多くの有用な工業的エンドポイントを達成する技術に関する。実施例1の試験により、廃棄二酸化炭素を有益な有機化合物に変換するための放射性触媒システムの実現可能性が実証された。二酸化炭素は、例えば、廃棄二酸化炭素及び/又は重炭酸塩供給原料でもよい。
1.方法論
非放射性の「ブランク」反応のために、チタン酸ストロンチウム(SrTiO3、1.99g)を250mLのPTFE容器に添加し、続いて、1,4-ジオキサン(97mL)、MilliQ水(3mL)及び攪拌子を加えた。図3に示すように、圧力逃し弁と手動開閉弁を含むSwagelok継手で修飾したPTFE容器の蓋を、圧力計を備えたガスマニホールドに装着し、双方向弁を介してCO2ガスボンベに接続した。CO2ガスの流れがマニホールド及びPTFEの蓋を通過し、PTFE容器を蓋にはめ込む際に該容器から空気をパージした。
・圧力計が3atmを示すまで反応容器にCO2を加えた。
・次いで、CO2流入弁を閉じた。
・攪拌によりCO2が溶媒に溶解し、圧力が低下した(圧力計で監視)。
・圧力低下速度が遅くなると、圧力値を記録し、CO2弁を開いてプロセスを繰り返した。
・反応容器をガスマニホールドに装着。
・テドラーバッグ(気体サンプリング用)をマニホールドの右側に装着(図5参照)。
・双方向弁に装着した真空ポンプを介してマニホールドを排気(図5参照)。
・圧力を記録するため、反応容器を排気したマニホールドに開く。
・テドラーバッグへの弁を、バッグが満たされるまで開く。
・密閉したテドラーバッグをマニホールドから取り外し、残ったCO2をドラフトチャンバ内に過圧排気。
気体試料(活性及び非活性)は、認可された外部の研究所によってCO及びCH4について分析された。液体試料(活性及び非活性)をメタノール、エタノール、ホルムアルデヒド、及びギ酸についてGC-MSで分析した。GC-MSは、スプリット注入式(10:1)及び長さ30m、内径0.32mm、df=0.5μm、注入量1μLのAT-WAXカラムでのAgilentGC3800、並びにイオン化電圧70V及び放出電流150μAでの電子イオン化MS1200を使用して行った。
Claims (11)
- CO2及び/又はその関連形態を1つ又は複数の小有機化合物に変換する方法であって、CO2及び/又はその関連形態を、ベータ粒子活性化ワイドバンドギャップ半導体に曝露し、それによって、前記CO2及び/又はその関連形態を1つ又は複数の小有機化合物に変換する工程を含み、
前記1つ又は複数の小有機化合物が、一酸化炭素、ホルムアルデヒド、メタン、メタノール、ギ酸、エタノール、アセトアルデヒド及び酢酸のうちの1つ又は複数を含み、
前記半導体が、標準水素電極に対して-0.15ボルト未満の伝導帯端エネルギーを有する、方法。 - 前記半導体が少なくとも2.6eVのバンドギャップを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体が、チタン酸塩、ジルコン酸塩、モリブデン酸塩、バナジン酸塩、テクネチウム酸塩、過テクネチウム酸塩、タングステン酸塩、ニオブ酸塩、タンタル酸塩、クロム酸塩、ドープ酸化スズ、ドープ酸化亜鉛、ハフニウム酸塩、酸化ゲルマニウム、単純酸化物、マンガン酸化物、コバルト酸化物及び鉄酸化物、硫化物、カルコゲン化物並びに炭素同素体のうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記ベータ粒子活性化ワイドバンドギャップ半導体が、ベータ粒子による連続励起を介したベータ粒子活性化を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ベータ粒子活性化半導体が、放射性核種からの放出を介したベータ粒子活性化を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性核種が、14C、90Sr、99Tc、3H、63Ni、137Cs、147Pm、151Sm、121mSn、155Eu、93Zr、210Pb及び126Snのうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ベータ粒子活性化半導体と前記放射性核種が結合して、放射性触媒を形成する、請求項5又は6に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性触媒が、前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体と接触している前記放射性核種、前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体の近位にある前記放射性核種、前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体と物理的に混合されている前記放射性核種、前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体に化学的に組み込まれている前記放射性核種、前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体に担持されている前記放射性核種、及び/又は前記放射性核種の外部に位置している前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記放射性触媒が、粒子、顆粒、ビーズ、粉末、ペレット又はフリットの形態である、請求項7又は8に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法を用いて、CO2及び/又はその関連形態を1つ又は複数の小有機化合物に変換するためのシステムであって、
CO2及び/又はその関連形態の供給源、
前記CO2及び/又はその関連形態への曝露のための、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体と、ベータ粒子を放出する放射性核種とを含む放射性触媒を含む反応容器、並びに
前記CO2及び/又はその関連形態を前記放射性触媒に曝露することによって生成される1つ又は複数の小有機化合物を抽出するための手段を備える、システム。 - 前記CO2供給源が、廃棄CO2、大気中のCO2、液体CO2、分離したCO2、別の試剤と錯形成したCO2、重炭酸塩、炭酸塩、炭酸塩鉱石、又はCO2をもたらす化合物のうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項10に記載のシステム。
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CN105983420A (zh) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-10-05 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 无机半导体光催化体系还原二氧化碳的方法 |
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EP3897962A4 (en) | 2022-09-21 |
IL284256B2 (en) | 2024-10-01 |
KR102564219B1 (ko) | 2023-08-08 |
MX2021007612A (es) | 2021-10-13 |
CA3126729A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
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