JP7329810B2 - Condition evaluation device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an inspection object state evaluation apparatus and a state evaluation method for evaluating the state of an inspection object.

Various methods for diagnosing the state of a building have been proposed in order to prevent peeling and peeling of exterior materials (outer wall materials) of a building.
In Patent Document 1, a hammering sound generated when the surface of an object to be inspected is hit with a hammer is detected using a microphone, and a hammering sound detection waveform is generated based on the signal from the microphone. 2. Description of the Related Art A device for evaluating the state of an object to be inspected has been proposed, which evaluates the state of the object to be inspected based on the amplitude of a generated waveform for one cycle.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-205900

In the above-described prior art, there is a concern that the amplitude of the generated hammering detection waveform will vary due to variations in each state evaluation device, such as individual differences in microphone sensitivity and individual differences in actuators that drive hammers. be done.
In addition, even with the same state evaluation device, the driving force of the hammer varies due to variations in each operation of the actuator that drives the hammer and the installation state of the state evaluation device, and the amplitude of the generated hammering detection waveform There is concern that the
If the amplitude of the detected hammering sound varies, the evaluation result for the same test object tends to vary, so some improvement is required.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for evaluating the state of an object to be inspected and a method for evaluating the state of the object to be inspected, which are advantageous in accurately evaluating the state of the object to be inspected. be.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 provides a hammering part for striking an object to be inspected with a hammer, a microphone for detecting a hammering sound, and a hammering sound detection waveform based on a signal from the microphone. and the N-th (N
is a natural number of 1 or more) as a first waveform, a waveform characteristic value detection unit that detects the amplitude value or effective value of the first waveform as a waveform characteristic value, and a predetermined standard test specimen A reference characteristic value is calculated using the waveform characteristic value detected by the waveform characteristic value detection unit when an inspection object is used, and is detected by the waveform characteristic value detection unit when an arbitrary inspection object is used as an inspection object. A normalized characteristic value is calculated by dividing a value based on the obtained waveform characteristic value by the reference characteristic value, and a power operation is performed using the normalized characteristic value as a base and an arbitrary number as an exponent. and an evaluation unit that evaluates the state of the arbitrary inspection object based on the evaluation value.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the evaluation value calculation unit includes a plurality of values obtained by hitting the standard specimen with the hammer and detecting the waveform characteristic values by the waveform characteristic value detection unit a plurality of times. a reference characteristic value determination unit for determining an average value of waveform characteristic values as a reference characteristic value; a normalized characteristic value calculator that calculates a normalized characteristic value normalized by dividing by the reference characteristic value determined by the characteristic value determiner; and the normalized characteristic calculated by the normalized characteristic value calculator. and a power calculation unit that performs a power calculation using the value as a base and the arbitrary number as a power exponent to calculate an evaluation value.
According to a third aspect of the invention, the evaluation value calculation unit includes a maximum impact force detection unit that detects a maximum impact force that is the maximum value of impact force generated in the hammer when struck by the hammer, and the waveform characteristic value detection unit. A first-order normalized characteristic value calculation unit that calculates a first-order normalized characteristic value by dividing the waveform characteristic value detected by the maximum impact force, and a first-order normalized characteristic value calculation unit that hits the standard test body with the hammer and hits the waveform a reference characteristic value determination unit configured to determine an average value of the plurality of primary normalized characteristic values obtained by detecting the waveform characteristic values a plurality of times by the characteristic value detection unit as the reference characteristic value; The 1 calculated by the primary normalized characteristic value calculation unit when the inspection target is the inspection target
a secondary normalized characteristic value calculator that calculates a secondary normalized characteristic value by dividing the secondary normalized characteristic value by the reference characteristic value; and a power calculation unit for calculating the evaluation value by performing a power calculation using the coefficient related to the maximum striking force as a base and the arbitrary number as a power exponent.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the striking part includes the hammer, an actuator that applies a driving force in the striking direction to the hammer, a driving part that drives the actuator, and a driving part that controls the driving part to apply the driving force. an adjusting unit for adjustment; and a housing that houses at least one of the hammer, the actuator, the driving unit, and the adjusting unit, wherein the housing is configured to is arranged at a position distant from the inspection object.
In the invention according to claim 5, the evaluation unit determines whether there is peeling inside the arbitrary inspection object based on a result of comparison between the evaluation value and a predetermined first threshold value. It is characterized by
The invention according to claim 6 further comprises a striking force waveform generation unit that detects the striking force of the hammer and generates a striking force detection waveform, wherein the waveform generating unit samples the striking sound detection waveform to generate waveform data. and a sampling unit for sampling as a second waveform, one period of the hitting force detection waveform that generates the first waveform of the hitting sound detection waveform, and the maximum value of the second waveform or When the time corresponding to the earlier one of the minimum values is set as the reference time, the detection of the waveform characteristic value of the first waveform by the waveform characteristic value detection section is based on the waveform characteristic value sampled by the sampling section. The sampling is performed based on the waveform data sampled from the time before the reference time among the waveform data.
In the invention according to claim 7, the evaluation unit stops evaluating the state of the inspection object when the waveform characteristic value of the impact force detection waveform is less than a predetermined second threshold value. It is characterized by
According to an eighth aspect of the invention, the microphone is composed of a plurality of microphones arranged symmetrically at an equal distance from the center of the hammer, and the waveform generator, the waveform characteristic value detector,
The evaluation value calculation unit is provided one by one corresponding to each of the microphones, and the calculation of the evaluation value by each of the evaluation value calculation units is based on the waveform characteristic value detected corresponding to each microphone. The evaluation of the state of the arbitrary inspection object by the evaluation unit is performed based on the evaluation values calculated by the respective evaluation value calculation units.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, a microphone detects a hammering sound when an object to be inspected is struck with a hammer, and a hammering sound detection waveform is generated based on a signal from the microphone to configure the hammering sound detection waveform. When the N-th (N is a natural number of 1 or more) waveform among a plurality of one-cycle waveforms is the first waveform, the amplitude value or the effective value of the first waveform is detected as a waveform characteristic value, and a predetermined The waveform characteristic value detected by the waveform characteristic value detection unit is used as a reference characteristic value when the obtained standard specimen is used as an inspection object, and when an arbitrary inspection object is used as an inspection object, the waveform characteristic value detection unit A normalized characteristic value is calculated by dividing the waveform characteristic value detected by the reference characteristic value, and a power operation is performed using the normalized characteristic value as a base and an arbitrary number as an exponent. An evaluation value is calculated by the method, and the state of the arbitrary inspection object is evaluated based on the evaluation value.

According to the first and ninth aspects of the present invention, a hammering sound generated when an object to be inspected is hit with a hammer is detected to generate a hammering sound detection waveform, and a plurality of one-cycles constituting the hammering sound detection waveform are generated. When the N-th (N is a natural number of 1 or more) waveform among the waveforms is taken as the first waveform, the amplitude value or effective value of the first waveform is detected as a waveform characteristic value, and a value based on this waveform characteristic value is obtained. A normalized characteristic value is calculated by dividing by the reference characteristic value, and an evaluation value is calculated by performing a power operation on the normalized characteristic value, and the state of the inspection object is evaluated based on the evaluation value. I tried to do it.
Therefore, even if the amplitude and effective value of the generated hammering detection waveform vary due to variations among the condition evaluation devices, such as individual differences in microphone sensitivity and individual differences in actuators that drive hammers, , the evaluation value is not affected by variations, which is advantageous in accurately evaluating the state of the object to be inspected.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the normalized characteristic value is calculated by dividing the waveform characteristic value when an arbitrary test object is hit by the reference characteristic value, and the normalized characteristic value is used as the normalized characteristic value. Since the evaluation value is calculated by performing exponentiation, there is no need to detect, for example, the impact force generated by the hammer, which is advantageous in accurately evaluating the state of the object to be inspected by a simple method.
According to the third aspect of the invention, the first-order normalized characteristic value is calculated by dividing the waveform characteristic value when an arbitrary test object is hit by the maximum impact force, and is calculated using a standard specimen. A secondary normalized characteristic value is calculated by dividing the primary normalized characteristic value by a reference characteristic value, which is a primary normalized characteristic value;
Since the evaluation value is calculated by exponentiating the coefficient related to the waveform characteristic value and the coefficient related to the maximum striking force among the next normalized characteristic values, the evaluation value is evaluated by a constant threshold value regardless of the striking force at the time of hitting. The inspection object can be inspected without being affected by both variations in the impact force of the hammer that occur each time the condition of the inspection object is evaluated by one condition evaluation device and variation between each condition evaluation device. This is advantageous in accurately evaluating the state of the object.
According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the striking force of the hammer can be adjusted so as to obtain a hammering sound with an appropriate sound pressure according to the state and material of the object to be inspected, the condition of the object to be inspected can be accurately evaluated. It is more advantageous to perform Further, when hitting the inspection object with a hammer, the housing is arranged at a position away from the inspection object, which is advantageous in stably detecting the waveform characteristic value of the first waveform. .
According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the presence or absence of peeling inside the inspection object is determined based on the result of comparison between the evaluation value and the first threshold value. This is advantageous for easy and reliable determination.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the reference time is set based on the detected striking force waveform, and the waveform characteristic value of the first waveform is detected from the waveform data sampled from the point before the reference time. The first waveform can be obtained accurately, which is advantageous in accurately evaluating the state of the inspection object.
According to the seventh aspect of the invention, evaluation of the state of the inspection object is stopped when the waveform characteristic value of the impact force detection waveform is less than the predetermined second threshold value. It is possible to avoid erroneous evaluation of the state, which is advantageous in accurately evaluating the state of the inspection object.
According to the eighth aspect of the invention, the first detection waveform of each hammering sound detection waveform generated for each microphone
Since the evaluation value corresponding to the waveform characteristic value of the waveform of is used for evaluating the state of the inspection object,
This is advantageous for efficiently and accurately evaluating the presence or absence of delamination inside the object to be inspected and the delamination boundary, which is the boundary between a healthy portion and a delamination portion.

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an inspection object state evaluation apparatus according to a first embodiment; FIG. It is a side view of a detection unit of a state evaluation device of an inspection object. FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line AA of FIG. 2; FIG. 3 is a view in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 2; (A) is a plan view of a standard specimen, and (B) is a cross-sectional view of (A). FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the state of the exterior material and the sound pressure of the hammering sound of the exterior material. 4 is a flow chart for explaining a process of determining a reference amplitude value using a standard specimen; 4 is an operation flowchart of the inspection object state evaluation device according to the first embodiment; It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the state evaluation apparatus of the test object which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a side view of a detection unit of a state evaluation device of an inspection object. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 10; FIG. 11 is a view in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 10; 4 is a flow chart for explaining a process of determining a reference amplitude value using a standard specimen; (A) to (D) are explanatory diagrams showing the positional relationship between the first to fourth microphones and the first and second center lines of the standard specimen with the phases changed by 90°. 9 is an operation flow chart of an inspection object state evaluation apparatus according to a second embodiment; FIG. 4 is a front view showing a state in which the detection unit is positioned at a portion where tiles are attached to the outer surface of the building; FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 16; (A) to (D) are waveform diagrams showing four tapping sound detection waveforms corresponding to the first to fourth microphones. 3 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of an evaluation value calculation unit 46 in method 1; FIG. FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of an evaluation value calculation unit 46 in method 2; 7 is a graph comparing the amplitude values of the first waveform when the interval H is changed; It is a graph showing the relationship between the relative amplitude value and the relative impact force with H=1 mm as the reference value. It is a graph showing the relationship between the relative amplitude value and the relative impact force with H=1 mm as the reference value. It is a graph showing the relationship between the relative amplitude value and the relative impact force with H=1 mm as the reference value. It is a graph showing the relationship between the relative amplitude value and the relative impact force with H=1 mm as the reference value. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a detection unit of the state evaluation device according to the embodiment; It is an appearance photograph of a detection unit. 1 is a configuration diagram and an appearance photograph of a test body used in Examples. FIG. It is a photograph showing a measurement method when measuring with a gap. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the relative amplitude value Ar and the relative striking force Fr. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the relative amplitude value Ar and the relative striking force Fr. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the relative amplitude value Ar and the relative striking force Fr. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the relative amplitude value Ar and the relative striking force Fr. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between evaluation value E and Fr in case 1; 9 is a graph showing the relationship between evaluation value E and Fr in case 2;

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, an apparatus for evaluating the state of an object to be inspected (hereinafter referred to as a state evaluating apparatus) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described together with a state evaluating method with reference to the drawings.
First, referring to FIG. 1, the configuration of a condition evaluation device 10 according to the present embodiment will be described.
In the present embodiment, a case will be described in which the state evaluation apparatus 10 evaluates the state of the outer surface of a building, which is an object to be inspected, that is, the state of bonding such as lifting or peeling of exterior materials such as tiles.
In this specification, the object to be inspected is a building or structure, and when the object to be inspected is a building, the object to be inspected includes, in addition to the outer surface of the building, for example, an indoor floor, ceiling, wall surface, It includes a wide range of indoor concrete frames and the like.
In addition, in this specification, the building outer surface refers to the outer surface of the building located on the outermost side of the building,
The outer surface of the building includes not only the outer surface of the building but also the state of the interior near the outer surface of the building when exterior materials such as tiles and mortar are not provided. In addition, when exterior materials such as tiles and mortar are provided, the exterior of the building includes the surface of the exterior materials, as well as the exterior materials inside the surface of the exterior materials and the building frame inside the exterior materials. It shall include the surface and near-surface interiors.
The condition evaluation device 10 is composed of a detection unit 12 and a body unit 14 .
The detection unit 12 is used by being held by an operator and brought into contact with the surface of the exterior material 2 whose condition is to be evaluated. The state of the exterior material 2 is evaluated based on a signal representing one or more physical quantities of the vibration.
The detection unit 12 and the main body unit 14 are connected by a cable (not shown) that transmits the signal.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the detection unit 12 includes a housing 16, three rollers 18A,
18B, 18C, hammer 20, actuator 22, first microphone 24A, second
It is configured including a microphone 24B and a striking force sensor 26. - 特許庁
The housing 16 has a rectangular bottom wall 1602 and four side walls 1602 extending from the four sides of the bottom wall 1602 .
604, 1606, 1608, 1610 and four sidewalls 1604, 1606, 1608,
and a top wall 1612 connecting the tops of 1610 .
The bottom wall 1602 is provided with an opening 1620 through which a hammer 20, which will be described later, appears.
Of the three rollers 18A, 18B, 18C, two rollers 18A, 18B
It is rotatably attached to a pair of opposed end faces of 602 and arranged coaxially.
The remaining one roller 18C is rotatably attached to the lower portion of the side wall 1608 via a metal fitting 17, and when viewed from above, the roller 18C is on an axis parallel to the axes of the two rollers 18A and 18B. are placed.
And the three rollers 18A, 18B, 18C are connected to the three rollers 18A, 18B
, 18C are in contact with the surface of the exterior material 2, the lower surface of the bottom wall 1602 and the surface of the exterior material 2 are provided so as to be parallel to each other with a constant interval H therebetween.
That is, when the hammer 20 hits the inspection object 2, the housing 16 is
placed at a distance from 2 and the like, the distance H between the lower surface of the bottom wall 1602 and the surface of the exterior material 2 is approximately the radius of the roller 18. You may design the mounting position of Alternatively, an elevating mechanism for elevating the housing 16 may be provided so that the interval H becomes an arbitrary value when the hammer 20 strikes the inspection object 2 .

As shown in FIG. 3, the hammer 20 hits the exterior material 2, which is the object to be inspected.
The actuator 22 applies driving force to the hammer 20 in the hitting direction.
A solenoid 22A is used as the actuator 22 in this embodiment.
Solenoid 22A is located inside housing 16 and attached to one side wall 1606 .
The solenoid 22A comprises a solenoid body 2202 with coils, three rollers 18A,
A plunger 2204 is provided so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the exterior material 2 in a state in which 18B and 18C are in contact with the surface of the exterior material 2 .
The plunger 2204 is driven by the solenoid main body 2202 when driving power is supplied to the coil.
Solenoid main body 2 by moving to a protruding position protruding from the solenoid body 2 and stopping the supply of driving power.
202 is configured to be moved to a immersed position.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hammer 20 is provided at the lower end of the plunger 2204 and appears and disappears through the opening 1620 of the bottom wall 1602 as the plunger 2204 moves.
With the outer peripheral surfaces of the three rollers 18A, 18B, and 18C in contact with the surface of the exterior material 2,
When the plunger 2204 moves to the projecting position, the hammer 20 strikes the surface of the exterior material 2 , and when the plunger 2204 moves to the retracted position, the hammer 20 separates from the surface of the exterior material 2 .

The first microphone 24A and the second microphone 24B pick up the sound generated when the hammer 20 strikes the surface of the exterior material 2 and generate a detection signal corresponding to the sound.
As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, the first microphone 24A is attached to the lower surface of the bottom wall 1602, and the second microphone 24B is attached to the lower outer surface of the side wall 1610 via the anti-vibration rubber 23. is worn.
In this embodiment, the case where two microphones, ie, the first microphone 24A and the second microphone 24B are provided, will be described, but the number of microphones may be one or three or more.

As shown in FIG. 3, the striking force sensor 26 is attached to the hammer 20 and measures the reaction force (vibration) generated in the hammer 20 by striking the exterior material 2 with the hammer 20, in other words, the impact force of the hammer 2.
It detects a striking force of 0 and generates a detection signal corresponding to the striking force. Various conventionally known sensors such as a piezoelectric sensor can be used as the striking force sensor 26 .

As shown in FIG. 1, the main body unit 14 includes a driving section 30, an operating section 32, an adjusting section 34, a hitting sound waveform detection circuit 36, a hitting force waveform detecting circuit 38, and a hitting sound waveform sampling section 40. , an impact force waveform sampling section 42 , a waveform characteristic value detection section 44 , an evaluation value calculation section 46 , an evaluation section 50 and an output section 52 .

The drive unit 30 supplies drive power to the coil of the solenoid body 2202 .
The operation unit 32 is operated by an operator to instruct the drive unit 30 to supply driving power to the coils, and is configured by a push button switch or the like.
The adjusting section 34 controls the driving section 30 to adjust the driving force applied to the hammer 20 .
In the present embodiment, the adjustment unit 34 is operated by the operator to adjust the solenoid body 2.
It increases or decreases the voltage of the drive power supplied to the coil of 202, and is composed of, for example, a rotating volume (variable resistor).
By making the driving force applied to the hammer 20 adjustable in this manner, the striking force of the hammer 20 can be adjusted so as to obtain a hammering sound with an appropriate sound pressure according to the state and material of the object to be inspected. It is
In the present embodiment, the hammer 20, the actuator 22, the driving section 30, the operating section 32, and the adjusting section 34 constitute a hitting section in the claims.

The hitting sound waveform detection circuit 36 A/D-converts the detection signal generated by the first microphone 24A or the second microphone 24B to generate a hitting sound detection waveform.
In the present embodiment, the percussion waveform detection circuit 36 is basically located in a second
A hammering sound detection waveform is generated using the detection signal generated in 4B. This is because the use of the second 24B located outside the housing 16 is less likely to be affected by reverberant sounds within the housing 16, and the separation can be determined with high accuracy.
On the other hand, the first microphone 24A attached to the lower surface of the bottom wall 1602 is, for example, the second microphone 24B.
It is used for judging whether the sound is normally collected by the second microphone 24B or for backup when there is a problem with the sound collection by the second microphone 24B.
Note that, as in the second embodiment described later, the detection signal generated by the first microphone 24A and the detection signal generated by the second microphone 24B are processed in separate systems, and the respective evaluation values are appropriately used. You may make it possible.

The striking force waveform detection circuit 38 A/D-converts the detection signal generated by the striking force sensor 26 to generate a detected striking force waveform.

The hitting sound waveform sampling unit 40 samples the hitting sound detection waveform generated by the hitting sound waveform detection circuit 36 at a predetermined sampling period.
In the present embodiment, the percussion waveform detection circuit 36 and the percussion waveform sampling section 40 constitute a waveform generation section.

The striking force waveform sampling section 42 samples the striking force detection waveform generated by the striking force waveform detection circuit 38 at a predetermined sampling period.
In the present embodiment, the striking force waveform generating section is composed of the striking force sensor 26, the striking force waveform detection circuit 38, and the striking force waveform sampling portion 42. As shown in FIG.

The waveform characteristic value detection unit 44 selects the N-th (N is a natural number equal to or greater than 1) waveform among a plurality of one-period waveforms constituting the hitting sound detection waveform sampled by the hitting sound waveform sampling unit 40 as a first waveform. , the amplitude value or effective value of this first waveform is detected as a waveform characteristic value.
It should be noted that the larger the amplitude value or effective value of the first waveform, the more advantageous it is for accurately measuring wavelength characteristic values such as amplitude, wavelength, and effective value. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the waveform for one cycle that occurs first among the hammering detection waveforms has a larger amplitude value or effective value than the second and subsequent waveforms. A case will be described in which a waveform for one cycle generated at 1 is used as the first waveform.
However, the characteristics of the first microphone 24A, the second microphone 24B, the striking wave waveform detection circuit 36,
Depending on various conditions such as the environment at the time of detection or the state of the object to be inspected, the second and subsequent waveforms among the hammering detection waveforms may have the largest amplitude value or effective value.
Therefore, in that case, the waveform having the largest amplitude value or effective value generated after the second time may be used as the first waveform.
Also, in the present embodiment, a case where an amplitude value is used as a waveform characteristic value will be described. When the effective value is used as the waveform characteristic value, the "amplitude value" in the following description should be read as the "effective value".
In this embodiment, the amplitude of the first waveform is the absolute value of the difference between the maximum value and minimum value of the first waveform. However, the amplitude of the first waveform may be the absolute value of the peak value (extreme value) of the waveform in the first half of one cycle of the first waveform with reference to the amplitude reference value (0 V), or the first may be the absolute value of the peak value (extreme value) of the waveform in the latter half of one cycle of the waveform.

Here, of the striking force detection waveform detected by the striking force waveform detection circuit 38 and sampled by the striking force waveform sampling unit 42, one period of the waveform that generates the first waveform of the striking sound detection waveform is selected as the second waveform. and the time corresponding to the maximum or minimum value of the second waveform, whichever is earlier in terms of time, is set as the reference time.
In the present embodiment, the waveform corresponding to one cycle that is generated first among the impact force detection waveforms is used as the second waveform.
The waveform characteristic value detection section 44 determines the reference time based on the detected striking force waveform supplied from the striking force waveform sampling section 42 .
The detection of the amplitude value of the first waveform by the waveform characteristic value detection unit 44 is performed by the striking sound waveform sampling unit 4
It is based on the waveform data sampled from the time before the reference time among the waveform data sampled by 0.
This is advantageous in reliably detecting the first waveform.

The evaluation value calculator 46 (46α or 46β) uses a predetermined standard specimen (see FIG. 5)
is an object to be inspected, the amplitude value detected by the waveform characteristic value detection unit 44 is used as a reference amplitude value,
A normalized amplitude normalized by dividing the amplitude value detected by the waveform characteristic value detection unit 44 by the reference amplitude value when the arbitrary inspection object 2 (inspection object other than the standard specimen) is the inspection object. An evaluation value (exfoliation determination parameter) is calculated by performing exponentiation with the normalized amplitude value as the base and an arbitrary number as the exponent.
In the present embodiment, two examples of specific calculation methods of the evaluation value calculator 46 will be described.

Prior to explaining the evaluation value calculation unit 46, the standard specimen will be explained.
An example of the standard specimen is shown in FIGS. 5(A) and (B).
The standard specimen 54 is configured including a main body portion 5402 and a closing plate 5404 .
The body portion 5402 has a flat plate shape that is square in plan view, and has a side length of 3 mm, for example.
00 mm and a height of 60 mm.
A circular hole 5406 is formed through the center of the body portion 5402 along the height direction, and the inner diameter of the hole 5406 is, for example, 160 mm.
In this embodiment, concrete is used as the material of main body 5402, but metal materials,
Various conventionally known solid materials such as synthetic resin materials can be used.

The closing plate 5404 is composed of a square glass plate having the same dimensions as the upper surface of the body portion 5402,
For example, the blocking plate 5404 has a thickness of 10 mm.
In this embodiment, glass is used as the material of the blocking plate 5404, but various conventionally known solid materials such as concrete, metal materials, and synthetic resin materials can be used.
The closing plate 5404 is superimposed on the upper surface of the main body portion 5402 in a state where the outline of the closing plate 5404 matches that of the main body portion 5402, and the lower surface of the closing plate 5404 and the upper surface of the main body portion 5402 are adhered and fixed by an adhesive (not shown). there is
The adhesive is interposed between the entire upper surface of the body portion 5402 and the lower surface of the closing plate 5404 .
In this embodiment, an epoxy-based adhesive is used as the adhesive. Various conventionally known adhesives can be used.

On the upper surface of the closure plate 5404, two crossings extending at the centers of two opposing sides of the closure plate 5404 are provided.
The center lines CL1 and CL2 of the book are displayed, and the intersection of these two center lines CL1 and CL2 coincides with the center axis of the hole 5406, and the intersection is the hitting target point 5 to be hit with the hammer 20.
408.
The directions of intersections of the center lines CL1 and CL2 and the four sides of the closure plate 5404 are the N direction, the E direction, the S direction, and the W direction, respectively (hereinafter simply referred to as "N", "E", "S", and "W"). etc.).
According to the standard specimen 54 configured in this way, the blocking plate 5404 is firmly fixed to the main body portion 5402 without rattling.
Therefore, variations in the amplitude of the detected hammering sound waveform are suppressed.
Such a standard specimen 54 is prepared in advance.

Next, a specific calculation method of the evaluation value calculator 46 will be described.
<Method 1>
FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the evaluation value calculation unit 46 (referred to as evaluation value calculation unit 46α) in Method 1. As shown in FIG.
The evaluation value calculator 46α includes a reference characteristic value determiner 4602, a normalized characteristic value calculator 4604, and a power calculator 4606.

The reference characteristic value determination unit 4602 determines the average value of a plurality of amplitude values obtained by hitting the standard specimen 54 with the hammer 20 and detecting the amplitude values by the waveform characteristic value detection unit 44 a plurality of times as a reference amplitude value. It is determined as A0.
That is, by repeating the operation of hitting the target point 5408 of the standard specimen 54 with the hammer 20 using the state evaluation device 10 and detecting the amplitude value with the waveform characteristic value detection unit 44, a plurality of is obtained.
Reference characteristic value determination section 4602 calculates the average value of the obtained plurality of amplitude values, and determines the average value as reference amplitude value A0.

The normalized characteristic value calculator 4604 converts the amplitude value Ai detected by the waveform characteristic value detector 44 when an arbitrary inspection object 2 is the inspection target into the reference amplitude value determined by the reference characteristic value determiner 4602. A normalized amplitude value Ar=Ai/A0 is calculated by dividing by A0.
The reason for using the normalized amplitude value Ar is as follows.
The microphones that constitute the condition evaluation device 10 have individual differences in sensitivity, and even if they detect hit sounds with the same sound pressure, there are variations in the magnitude of the detection signals that they output.
Therefore, if the normalized amplitude value Ar is obtained by dividing the amplitude value Ai detected by the waveform characteristic value detection unit 44 by the reference amplitude value A0, it is possible to obtain the normalized amplitude value Ar without being affected by the variation in sensitivity of the microphone. , the same normalized amplitude value can be obtained when hitting sounds with the same sound pressure are detected.

A power calculation unit 4606 calculates the normalized amplitude value Ar
is a base and an arbitrary number is used as an exponent, and an evaluation value E is calculated. In this embodiment, the exponent is 2. That is, the evaluation value E=Ar ² =(Ai/A0) ² .
Note that the arbitrary number that becomes the exponent may be, for example, a fraction (such as 3/4) or a real number including a decimal (such as 1.5) in addition to a natural number (positive integer). Also, when the arbitrary number=1, the exponentiation operation is not substantially performed. Therefore, an arbitrary number is other than 1.
Also, the exponents of the numerator and denominator of the normalized amplitude value Ar=Ai/A0 may be different values. Specifically, for example, the evaluation value E=Ai ³ /A0 ⁴ is set. In this case, the exponents of both the numerator and denominator should not be 1. That is, the exponent of either the numerator portion or the denominator portion should be other than 1.

<Method 2>
FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the evaluation value calculation unit 46 (referred to as evaluation value calculation unit 46β) in method 2. As shown in FIG.
The evaluation value calculation unit 46β includes a maximum striking force detection unit 4610 and a primary normalized characteristic value calculation unit 4612.
, a reference characteristic value determination unit 4614, a secondary normalized characteristic value calculation unit 4616, and a power calculation unit 4618
Prepare.

The maximum striking force detection unit 4610 detects the maximum striking force generated in the hammer 20 when struck by the hammer 20 from the striking force detection waveform sampled by the striking force detection sampling unit 42. In other words, the maximum striking force is the peak value of the striking force. F is specified.

The primary normalized characteristic value calculator 4612 divides the amplitude value A of the first waveform detected by the waveform characteristic value detector 44 by the maximum striking force F to calculate the primary normalized amplitude value. is.
The impact force of the hammer 20 is affected by the operating state of the actuator 22, the installation state of the detection unit 12, and the like, and thus may vary within a certain range.
Therefore, by dividing the amplitude value A of the first waveform by the maximum striking force F, the amplitude value is normalized to obtain a primary normalized amplitude value A / F, thereby suppressing the influence of the variation in striking force on the amplitude value. is planned.

The reference characteristic value determination unit 4614 is an average value of a plurality of primary normalized amplitude values obtained by hitting the standard specimen 54 with the hammer 20 and detecting amplitude values by the waveform characteristic value detection unit 44 a plurality of times. is determined as the reference amplitude value A0/F0.
That is, the worker hits the target point 5808 of the standard specimen 54 with the hammer 20 using the state evaluation device 10, the amplitude value is detected by the waveform characteristic value detection unit 44, and the primary normalized characteristic value calculation unit 48 detects the amplitude value. A plurality of primary normalized amplitude values are obtained by repeating the process of calculating the primary normalized amplitude values a plurality of times.
Reference characteristic value determination section 4614 calculates the average value of the obtained plurality of primary normalized amplitude values, and determines the average value as reference amplitude value A0/F0.
Of the reference amplitude values A0/F0, A0 (corresponding to the average value of the amplitude value A of the first waveform) is the “first wave amplitude standard value”, and F0 (corresponding to the average value of the maximum striking force F) This is referred to as a "standard striking force value".

The secondary normalized characteristic value calculator 4616 calculates the primary normalized amplitude value Ai/Fi calculated by the primary normalized characteristic value calculator 48 when an arbitrary inspection object 2 is the inspection target, as a reference characteristic. Secondary normalized amplitude value Ar normalized by dividing by the reference amplitude value A0/F0 determined by the value determining unit
/Fr=(Ai/Fi)/(A0/F0)=(Ai/A0)/(Fi/F0).
Note that the coefficient (Ar=Ai/A0
) is called the “relative amplitude value”, and the coefficient (Fr=Fi/F0) related to the striking force is called the “relative striking force”.
The reason for using the secondary normalized amplitude value is as follows.
The microphones 24A and 24B that constitute the condition evaluation device 10 have individual differences in sensitivity, and even if they detect hit sounds with the same sound pressure, there are variations in the magnitude of the detection signals that they output.
Therefore, if the normalized secondary normalized amplitude value is obtained by dividing the primary normalized amplitude value Ai/Fi calculated by the primary normalized characteristic value calculation unit 4612 by the reference amplitude value A0/F0, ,
The same second-order normalized amplitude value can be obtained by detecting hit sounds with the same sound pressure without being affected by variations in sensitivity of the microphones 24A and 24B.

The exponentiation calculation unit 4618 uses the coefficient regarding the amplitude value A and the coefficient regarding the maximum striking force F in the secondary normalized amplitude value Ar/Fr as the base, and performs power calculation using an arbitrary integer as the exponent for each base. to calculate the evaluation value E. The coefficient related to the amplitude value A is the (Ai/A0) portion of the secondary normalized amplitude value Ar/Fr=(Ai/A0)/(Fi/F0). Further, the coefficient related to the maximum striking force F is the secondary normalized amplitude value Ar/Fr=(Ai/A
0)/(Fi/F0) is the (Fi/F0) portion.
That is, the evaluation value E in method 2 is E=(Ar) ⁱ /(Fr) ^j (where i and j are arbitrary numbers).
For example, if the power exponent for the coefficient related to the amplitude value A is 2, and the power exponent for the coefficient related to the maximum striking force F is 1, the evaluation value E=Ar ² /Fr=(Ai/A0) ² /(Fi/F0
).
As in method 1, the arbitrary number that becomes the exponent is, for example, a natural number (positive integer),
It may be a fraction (such as 3/4) or a real number including a decimal (such as 1.5).
Also, when the arbitrary number=1, the exponentiation operation is not substantially performed. Therefore,
At least one of the coefficient related to the amplitude value A and the coefficient related to the maximum striking force F is an arbitrary number other than one.
Further, it goes without saying that the exponents in the coefficient regarding the amplitude value A and the coefficient regarding the maximum striking force F may have different values. Specifically, for example, the evaluation value E=Ar
² /Fr.

The evaluation unit 50 evaluates the state of the inspection object based on the evaluation value E. FIG.
Specifically, the evaluation unit 50 determines whether or not there is delamination on the inside of the arbitrary inspection object, that is, the exterior material 2, based on the result of comparison between the evaluation value E and a predetermined first threshold value T1. do.

Here, the relationship between the amplitude of the first waveform and the presence or absence of peeling of the exterior material 2 will be described.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the state of the exterior material 2 and the sound pressure of the hammering sound of the exterior material 2, in other words, showing the detected waveform of the hammering sound. In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis indicates the elapsed time (μs) after the hammer 20 hits the exterior material 2, and the vertical axis indicates the sound pressure (Pa) of the hitting sound.
The following four locations are selected as the locations of the exterior material 2 to be hit with the hammer 20 .
In this specification, the sound portion of the exterior material 2 indicates a portion where the exterior material 2 adheres well to the building frame and is not peeled off, and the peeled portion of the exterior material 2 means that the exterior material 2 is partially attached to the building. Shows the part separated from the frame.
a: sound part b: edge of sound part (portion of the sound part close to the peeled part where the exterior material 2 was peeled off from the building frame)
c: Edge of the peeled portion (part of the peeled portion that is close to the healthy portion)
d: Peeled portion As is clear from FIG. 6, c
It can be seen that the amplitude of the hammering sound detection waveform at the peeling portion edge and the peeling portion d has a large value.
Based on such knowledge, it is possible to determine whether or not the exterior material 2 is peeled off based on the result of comparison between the evaluation value E corresponding to the amplitude of the first waveform and the predetermined first threshold value T1. Become.
6, the first threshold value T1 is obtained by obtaining an evaluation value E corresponding to the adhesion state of the exterior material 2, in other words, whether or not the exterior material 2 is peeled off. A first threshold value T1 that is sufficient to reliably determine is set.
Alternatively, the evaluation value E may be obtained in the sound portion of the exterior material 2, and the evaluation value E may be multiplied by a predetermined constant or added to set the first threshold value T1.
In addition, when the evaluation value calculation unit 46 adopts the method 1, the first threshold value T1 may be determined as a function of the striking force F (especially relative striking force (Fi/F0)) instead of a constant value. .

The evaluation unit 50 determines the state of the exterior material 2 when the amplitude of the striking force detection waveform, in other words, the amplitude of the first occurring striking force detection waveform, falls below a predetermined second threshold value T2. Stop evaluation.
That is, if the hammer 20 does not hit the surface of the exterior material 2 for some reason (blank strike) or if the impact is insufficient, the evaluation of the state of the exterior material 2 is stopped. This is advantageous for accurately evaluating the state of the exterior material 2 .
Note that the second threshold value T2 is obtained when the surface of the exterior material 2 is hit with the hammer 20,
By actually measuring the amplitude of the detected striking force waveform in each case of blank striking and each, it is possible to ascertain the state in which the exterior material 2 is struck accurately and the state in which the blank striking or insufficient striking is made. A second threshold value T2 that is sufficient for determining

The output unit 52 outputs the determination result of the presence/absence of peeling of the exterior material 2 by the determination unit and the detection result of the cavity position by the determination unit.
The following are examples of the output unit 52 .
A display device for displaying judgment results.
A printer that prints the determination result on a print medium.
A recording device that records judgment results on a recording medium.
A communication device that transmits judgment results to various terminal devices and data loggers via lines.

The waveform characteristic value detection unit 44, the evaluation value calculation unit 46, and the evaluation unit 50 can be configured by a computer.
A computer has a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk device, a keyboard, a mouse, a display device, an input/output interface, and the like.
The ROM stores predetermined control programs and the like, and the RAM provides a working area.
The hard disk device stores a control program for realizing the waveform characteristic value detection section 44 , the evaluation value calculation section 46 and the evaluation section 50 .
A keyboard and a mouse are for receiving operation input by an operator.
The display device displays images, and is composed of, for example, a liquid crystal display device. A display device can function as the output section 52 .

Here, the reason why the space H (gap) is provided between the lower surface of the bottom wall 1602 of the housing 16 and the surface of the exterior material 2 will be described.
FIG. 21 is a graph comparing the amplitude values of the first waveform when the interval H is 0 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm (when the gap is equally spaced in all directions).
In FIG. 21, H = 0 mm, 2 mm, 3 m based on the case where the interval H = 1 mm amplitude value.
The amplitude values for m are compared for each driving force (driving voltage) applied to the hammer 20 . The horizontal axis is the amplitude value when the interval H=1 mm, and the vertical axis is the amplitude value when H=0 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm.
There is a high correlation between the amplitude value at the gap H=1 mm and the amplitude values at the gap H=2 mm and 3 mm (R ² =0.98 or more). On the other hand, there is variation in the correlation with the amplitude value at H=0 mm with no gap.
From this, it is considered that the amplitude value can be measured more stably when the space H is provided between the lower surface of the bottom wall 1602 of the housing 16 and the surface of the exterior material 2 .

Next, the reason why the power operation is performed on the normalized amplitude value will be explained.
FIG. 22 is a graph showing the relationship between the relative amplitude value (Ai/A0) and the relative impact force (Fi/F0) with H = 1 mm as the reference value (A0). , and FIG. 22B show the values of the healthy part. The vertical axis in FIG. 22 corresponds to the normalized amplitude value in Method 1.
22 to 24, there is a notation "gap (or ken_gap)_nαSβ.xlsx" (α and β are integers), but this is α mm in the N direction of the standard specimen 54 (see FIG. 5), It shows that a gap of β mm is provided in the S direction. If α or β is 0 (in that direction)
If there is no gap or if the values of α and β are different, the height of the gap will differ (there will be an inclination) depending on the location.
When H = 1 mm with a gap as a reference, the correlation between the relative impact force (Fi / F0 = Fr) and the relative amplitude value (Ai / A0) is good, and it is stable even during actual outer wall diagnosis. It is considered that it is easy to obtain the results obtained by However, when there is no gap (H=0 mm) or when a gap is provided only partially (on one side), the correlation is poor.
On the other hand, the relationship between the relative striking force (Fi/F0) and the relative amplitude value (Ai/A0) is not a proportional relationship passing through the origin.

FIG. 23 is a graph in which the vertical axis of FIG. 22 is (Ai/A0)/(Fi/F0).
3(A) shows the values of the peeled portion, and FIG. 23(B) shows the values of the healthy portion. The vertical axis in FIG. 23 corresponds to the secondary normalized amplitude value in Method 2.
When the vertical axis is (Ai/A0)/(Fi/F0)=Ar/Fr, the value changes as the impact force changes, and the value changes with a certain threshold value (first threshold value T1). It can be seen that it is unnatural to determine the state of

Here, when the present inventors consider the output of sound for hitting, the hitting is performed at one point, whereas the vibration of the hit surface propagates and diffuses in a plane. I thought that the amplitude value would not be a linear approximation in the first place. Therefore, Ai/A0 was multiplied by a power (squared in this embodiment), and the relationship with the relative striking force was confirmed. As a result, a good proportional relationship was obtained.
FIG. 24 is a graph obtained by squaring the vertical axis of FIG. 22, in which FIG.
) indicates the value of the sound part. The vertical axis in FIG. 24 corresponds to the evaluation value E of Method 1. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 24, it was confirmed that (Ai/A0) ² and the relative striking force Fi/F0 have a proportional relationship substantially passing through the origin.
25 is obtained by dividing the vertical axis of FIG. 24 by the relative striking force Fi/F0 ((Ai/A0) ² /
(Fi/F0)) graph, and the vertical axis in FIG. In FIG. 25, the values of the peeled portion and the values of the healthy portion are plotted on the same graph.
As shown in FIG. 25, by dividing (Ai/A0) ² by Fi/F0 as the evaluation value E, a constant threshold value (first threshold value T1) is set regardless of the striking force. can be used to determine the state of the inspection object.
Further, as shown in FIG. 24, since (Ai/A0) ² and the relative striking force Fi/F0 have a proportional relationship that passes through the origin, for example, a linear expression with the relative striking force Fi/F0 as a variable A threshold T1 of 1 can be set.

Next, operation of the state evaluation device 10 will be described. In the following description, the operation when method 1 is applied to the evaluation value calculation unit 46 will be described.
First, determination of the reference amplitude value A0 using the standard specimen 54 will be described with reference to the flow chart of FIG.
First, the detection unit 12 of the condition evaluation device 10 is placed on the closing plate 5404 of the standard specimen 54, and the hammer 20 is positioned just above the hitting target point 5408 (step S10).
Next, the operator operates the operation part 32 (step S12), and thereby the hammer 20 hits the hitting target point 5408 of the closing plate 5404 (step S14).
The hammer 20 hits the hitting target point 5408 of the blocking plate 5404, and the hitting sound generated is detected by the first microphone 24A and the second microphone 24B, and the detection signals generated from these two microphones (this embodiment , a hammering sound detection circuit 36 generates a hammering sound detection waveform mainly based on the second microphone 24B), the generated hammering sound detection waveform is sampled by a hammering sound waveform sampling unit 40, and the sampled waveform data is supplied to the waveform characteristic value detector 44 (step S16).
The waveform characteristic value detection unit 44 detects the amplitude value of the first waveform based on the supplied waveform data (step S18).
The reference characteristic value determination section 4602 is the waveform characteristic value detection section 44 for determining the reference amplitude value A0.
(step S20).
.
If the determination result is negative, the reference characteristic value determination unit 4602 causes the display device to display that the operation unit 32 needs to be operated, and the control returns to step S12.
If the determination result is affirmative, the reference characteristic value determining section 4602 calculates the average value of the amplitude values, determines the reference amplitude value, and supplies the reference amplitude value A0 to the normalized characteristic value calculating section 4604 (step S
22).
This completes the operation of determining the reference amplitude value.

Next, a case where the state evaluation device 10 is used to evaluate the state of the exterior surface of the building, which is the object to be inspected, that is, the state of bonding such as floating or peeling of the exterior material 2 (arbitrary object to be inspected) such as a tile is evaluated. 8 will be referred to.
First, the operator brings the three rollers 18A, 18B, and 18C of the detection unit 12 into contact with the surface of the exterior material 2 to be diagnosed (step S30). If necessary, the gap H between the lower surface of the bottom wall 1602 and the surface of the exterior material 2 is adjusted to a predetermined value.
Next, the operator operates the operating part 32 (step S32), and the hitting part 20 hits the surface of the exterior material 2 (step S34).
A hitting sound generated by hitting the surface of the exterior material 2 by the hitting part 20 is detected by the first microphone 24A and the second microphone 24B, and is detected by the two microphones (mainly the second microphone 24B in the present embodiment). ), a hammering sound detection circuit 36 generates a hammering sound detection waveform based on the detection signal generated from ), and the generated hammering sound detection waveform is sampled by a hammering sound waveform sampling unit 40 and supplied to a waveform characteristic value detector 44. (step S36).
Further, the striking force generated by the hammer 20 by striking the surface of the exterior material 2 with the striking portion 20 is detected by the striking force sensor 26, and the striking force waveform is detected based on the detection signal generated by the striking force sensor 26. A hitting force detection waveform is generated by the circuit 38, the hitting force detection waveform is sampled by the hitting force waveform sampling section 42, and the sampled waveform data is supplied to the waveform characteristic value detecting section 44, whereby the waveform characteristic value detecting section 44 determines the reference time (step S38).

Based on the sampled hammering sound detection waveform, the waveform characteristic value detector 44 detects waveform data sampled from the waveform data sampled by the hammering sound waveform sampling unit 40 from a point before the reference time. An amplitude value is detected based on the formed first waveform and supplied to the normalized characteristic value calculator 4604 (step S40).
A normalized characteristic value calculator 4604 divides the amplitude value Ai detected by the waveform characteristic value detector 44, that is, the waveform data sampled by the striking sound waveform sampler 40, by the reference amplitude value A0 to normalize the value. Then, the normalized amplitude value Ar=Ai/A0 is calculated (step S41). Further, a power calculation unit 4606 performs a power calculation using the normalized amplitude value Ar calculated by the normalized characteristic value calculation unit 4604 as a base and an arbitrary integer (2 in the present embodiment) as a power exponent. E=Ar ² =(Ai/A0) ² is calculated and supplied to the evaluation unit 50 (step S42).

The evaluation unit 50 determines whether or not the amplitude of the detected impact waveform is less than a predetermined second threshold value T2 (step S44).
When it is determined that the amplitude of the detected striking force waveform is less than the predetermined second threshold value T2, the evaluation unit 50 stops evaluating the state of the exterior material 2, and outputs the measurement from the output unit 52. is notified to the effect that redoing is urged (step S50). Such notification is made, for example, by displaying a comment prompting a predetermined redo on the display device.
Then, the process proceeds to step S30.
On the other hand, when it is determined in step S44 that the amplitude of the detected striking force waveform is not less than the predetermined second threshold value T2, the evaluation unit 50 determines that the normalized amplitude value and the first threshold value T1 The presence or absence of peeling of the exterior material 2 is determined based on the comparison with (step S46).
The output unit 52 outputs the determination result of the presence/absence of peeling of the exterior material 2 supplied from the evaluation unit 50 (
Step S48), the series of operations is terminated. Thereafter, the same processing as described above is repeated for the exterior material 2 to be diagnosed next.

A processing step (step S44) of determining whether or not the amplitude of the striking force detection waveform is less than a predetermined second threshold value T2; is less than the threshold value T2, the evaluation unit 50 stops the evaluation of the state of the exterior material 2 and notifies the output unit 52 of urging re-measurement (step S50) may be performed at any point after detection of the impact force detection waveform.

In the case of method 2, the following points of the flow charts of FIGS. 7 and 8 are changed.
As for FIG. 7, between step S18 and step S20, the maximum striking force detection unit 4610
A step of specifying the maximum impact force generated in the hammer 20 at the time of this impact by dividing the amplitude value of the first waveform by the maximum impact force by the primary normalized characteristic value calculation unit 4612 to obtain the primary normalized amplitude value. calculating.
Further, in step S20, the reference characteristic value determination unit 4614 determines whether or not the operation of calculating the primary normalized amplitude value by the primary normalized characteristic value calculation unit 4612 has been performed a predetermined number of times to determine the reference amplitude value. .
If the determination result in step S20 is negative, the reference characteristic value determination unit 4614 causes the operation unit 32
is displayed on the display device to the effect that the operation of step S12 is required.
back to
If the determination result in step S20 is affirmative, the reference characteristic value determination unit 4614 calculates the average value of the primary normalized amplitude values, determines the reference amplitude value A0/F0, and converts the reference amplitude value A0/F0 to the secondary It is supplied to the normalized characteristic value calculator 4616 .

8, instead of steps S41 and S42, the maximum impact force Fi
is specified and supplied to the primary normalized characteristic value calculator 4612, and the primary normalized characteristic value calculator 4612 divides the amplitude value Ai of the first waveform by the maximum impact force Fi to obtain the primary normalized amplitude value is calculated by the secondary normalized characteristic value calculator 4616 to the primary normalized characteristic value calculator 461
dividing the primary normalized amplitude value Ai/Fi supplied from 2 by the reference amplitude value A0/F0 to calculate a secondary normalized amplitude value Ar/Fr; the amplitude of the secondary normalized amplitude value Ar/Fr; A power calculation is performed using the coefficient Ar related to the value A and the coefficient related to the striking force as the base and an arbitrary integer (2 and 1 in this embodiment) as the exponent, and the evaluation value E=Ar ² /= (Ai/A0) ² /
A step of calculating (Fi/F0) and supplying it to the evaluation unit 50 is performed.

According to the state evaluation device 10 of the present embodiment, the hammering sound generated when the surface of the exterior material 2 adhered to the building skeleton is hit with the hammer 20 is detected to generate the hammering detection waveform, and the hammering sound is detected. When the first waveform among a plurality of one-cycle waveforms constituting the detected waveform is defined as the first waveform, the amplitude value of the first waveform is detected, and the value based on this amplitude value is divided by the reference amplitude value. Then, the normalized amplitude value is calculated, the normalized amplitude value is further subjected to exponentiation to calculate the evaluation value, and the state of the object to be inspected is evaluated based on the evaluation value.
Therefore, even if the amplitude of the generated tapping sound detection waveform varies due to variations among the state evaluation devices 10, such as individual differences in microphone sensitivity and individual differences in actuators 22 that drive the hammers 20, , the normalized amplitude value is not affected by variations, which is advantageous in accurately evaluating the state of the inspection object.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the presence or absence of peeling inside the inspection object is determined based on the result of comparison between the normalized amplitude value and the predetermined first threshold value. This is advantageous in simply and reliably determining whether or not the material 2 is peeled off.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the average value of a plurality of amplitude values obtained by hitting the standard specimen 54 with the hammer 20 and detecting the amplitude value a plurality of times, or the calculation for each amplitude value Since the average value of the first-order normalized amplitude values is determined as the reference amplitude value, the accuracy of the reference amplitude value can be improved. It is more advantageous in accurately evaluating the

Further, in the present embodiment, since the driving force in the hitting direction applied to the hammer 20 is adjustable, the hammer 20 can be adjusted so as to obtain a hitting sound with an appropriate sound pressure according to the state and material of the object to be inspected. Since the impact force can be adjusted, it is more advantageous in accurately evaluating the state of the object to be inspected.

Further, in the present embodiment, detection of the amplitude value of the first waveform by the waveform characteristic value detection unit 44 is
Of the waveform data sampled by the percussion waveform sampling section 40, it is based on the previous waveform data sampled from a point in time before the reference time.
Therefore, the first waveform can be accurately obtained, which is advantageous in accurately diagnosing the state of the exterior material 2 .
A trigger signal is generated from the driving signal supplied from the drive unit 30 to the solenoid 22A, and a hammering sound detection waveform generated by the hammering waveform detection circuit 36 is generated by the hammering waveform sampling unit 40.
Although the first waveform may be obtained by sampling in synchronization with the trigger signal, the drive signal has temporal variations, which is disadvantageous in obtaining the first waveform stably and accurately. .
On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, the first waveform can be obtained from the waveform data sampled from the time before the reference time obtained from the second waveform generated from the striking force detection waveform. This is more advantageous in obtaining the first waveform stably and accurately.

Further, in the present embodiment, the evaluation of the state of the inspection object is stopped when the amplitude of the detected striking force waveform is less than the predetermined second threshold value.
Therefore, when the hammer 20 does not hit the surface of the exterior material 2 (
In the case of blank shots or insufficient impact, evaluation of the state of the exterior material 2 is stopped, thereby avoiding erroneous evaluation and accurately evaluating the state of the exterior material 2. advantage over

(Second embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment will be described.
In the first embodiment, in order to prevent the microphones 20A and 20B from detecting unnecessary sounds generated from the hammer 20 and the actuator 22, the microphones 20A and 20B are mounted on the exterior material 2 (for example, tiles) of the hammer 20. It is preferable to place it at a certain distance (for example, a distance corresponding to one tile) from the hitting point.
Therefore, when the inspection object is composed of a large number of tiles, there are concerns about the following points.
That is, even though the hit point of the tile is the peeled portion of the tile, if the position of the microphone that picks up the sound is directly above the sound portion where there is no peeling, the sound from the microphones 20A and 20B is equivalent to that of the sound portion. In some cases, only the detection signal, that is, the hammering detection signal with an amplitude as small as that of the sound portion is output.
As a result, there is a risk of erroneously judging the peeled portion of the tile as a healthy portion, and such misjudgment tends to occur near the boundary between the healthy portion and the peeled portion. It is necessary to accurately assess the state of the object to be inspected by accurately grasping it.

Therefore, in the second embodiment, the hammering sound generated when the surface of the object to be inspected is hit by the hammer 20 is detected by a plurality of microphones arranged around the hitting point P1 of the hammer 20, thereby detecting the hitting sound. A waveform is generated for each microphone, and a tapping sound detection waveform is generated for each microphone.
Then, similarly to the first embodiment, an evaluation value E is obtained from the amplitude value of the first waveform detected from each tapping sound detection waveform, and the state of the object to be inspected is evaluated based on the plurality of evaluation values E. I made an evaluation.

In the following embodiments, parts and members that are the same as those in the first embodiment are assigned the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and descriptions thereof are omitted, and different parts are mainly described. do.
As shown in FIG. 9, similarly to the first embodiment, the condition evaluation device 10A is composed of a detection unit 12A and a main body unit 14A.

As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, the detection unit 12A includes a housing 16 and three rollers 1
8A, 18B, 18C, hammer 20, actuator 22, first to fourth microphones 2
5A to 25D and a striking force sensor 26 are included.

As shown in FIG. 11, the actuator 22 is a solenoid 22 as in the first embodiment.
A, the body portion 2202 of the solenoid 22A is installed on a base 1614 provided on the bottom wall 1602 inside the housing 16 .

The first microphone 25A, the second microphone 25B, the third microphone 25C, and the fourth microphone 25D pick up the sound generated when the hammer 20 strikes the surface of the exterior material 2, and generate a detection signal corresponding to the sound. are arranged symmetrically at an equal distance (for example, a distance corresponding to one tile: 53 mm) from the center of the hitting point P1 (see FIG. 11) on the exterior material 2 by the hammer 20. ing. Specifically, they are arranged point-symmetrically at an angle of 90° to each other on a circle with a radius of 53 mm centered on the impact point P1.
In this embodiment, the distance from the hitting point P1 to each of the microphones 25A to 25D is 53m.
Although the description will be made with respect to the case where the distance is m, the distance is not limited to this and may be within 100 mm.

Among the first microphone 25A, the second microphone 25B, the third microphone 25C, and the fourth microphone 25D arranged in this manner, the first microphone 25A constitutes the housing 16 as shown in FIGS. It is attached to the lower part of the outer surface of the side wall 1604 on the front side via the anti-vibration rubber 23 .
As shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the second microphone 25B is attached to the lower outer surface of the side wall 1606 on the rear side of the housing 16 via the anti-vibration rubber 23. As shown in FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the third microphone 25C is attached to the lower outer surface of the left side wall 1608 of the housing 16 with the anti-vibration rubber 23 interposed therebetween.
As shown in FIGS. 10, 11 and 12, the fourth microphone 25D is attached to the lower outer surface of the right side wall 1610 of the housing 16 via the anti-vibration rubber 23. As shown in FIG.
In this embodiment, the first microphone 25A, the second microphone 25B, the third microphone 25C and the fourth microphone
Although four microphones of microphone 25D are described, the number of microphones may be two or six or more.
Further, the sound receiving surface of each of the microphones 25A to 25D is arranged so as to face the surface to be inspected of the exterior material 2, and the height from the surface of the exterior material 2 to each of the microphones 25A to 25D is is preferably within 5 mm.

As shown in FIG. 11, the striking force sensor 26 is attached to the hammer 20 as in the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 9, the main unit 14A includes a driving section 30, an operating section 32, and an adjusting section 34.
, first to fourth striking waveform detection circuits 36A to 36D, striking force waveform detection circuit 38, and first to
Fourth percussion waveform sampling units 40A to 40D, percussion force waveform sampling unit 42, first
to fourth waveform characteristic value detection units 44A to 44D, first to fourth evaluation value calculation units 46A to 46D,
It includes an evaluation unit 50 and an output unit 52 .

The drive unit 30, the operation unit 32, the adjustment unit 34, the impact force waveform detection circuit 38, and the impact force waveform sampling unit 42 are configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

The first to fourth hammering sound waveform detection circuits 36A to 36D A/D convert the detection signals generated by the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D to generate respective hammering sound detection waveforms.
The first to fourth percussion waveform sampling units 40A to 40D are the first to fourth percussion waveform detection circuits 3
The hitting sound detection waveform generated by 6A to 36D is sampled at a predetermined sampling period.
In this embodiment, the first to fourth percussion waveform detection circuits 36A to 36D and the first to fourth percussion waveform sampling sections 40A to 40D constitute a waveform generation section in the scope of claims.

The first to fourth waveform characteristic value detection units 44A to 44D are the first to fourth percussion waveform sampling units 4
When the N-th waveform (N is a natural number equal to or greater than 1) among a plurality of one-cycle waveforms constituting each tapping detection waveform sampled at 0A to 40D is defined as a first waveform, the first waveform is Amplitude values are detected respectively.
The detection of the amplitude value of the first waveform by the first to fourth waveform characteristic value detection units 44A to 44D is performed by the waveform data sampled by the first to fourth percussion waveform sampling units 40A to 40D. It is the same as in the first embodiment that it is performed based on the waveform data sampled from the time before the reference time.

The first to fourth evaluation value calculators 46A to 46D calculate evaluation values E corresponding to the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D, respectively. The operation of 46D is the same as that of the evaluation value calculator 46 of the first embodiment. That is, the first to fourth evaluation value calculators 46A to 46D perform either method 1 (see FIG. 19) or method 2 (FIG. 20) described in the first embodiment. The operation method (either method 1 or method 2) of the first to fourth evaluation value calculators 46A to 46D is unified.

The evaluation section 50 evaluates the state of the inspection object based on each evaluation value E calculated by the first to fourth evaluation value calculation sections 46A to 46D.
As described with reference to FIG. 6, when the hammering sound detection waveforms of the sound portion a, the sound portion edge b, the peeled portion edge c, and the peeled portion d are represented by the hammering sound detection waveforms a, b, c, and d, respectively, the sound portion a With respect to the amplitude of the hammering sound detection waveform a and the amplitude of the hammering sound detection waveform b at the healthy portion edge b, the hammering sound detection waveform c at the peeled portion edge c and the peeled portion d
It can be seen that the amplitude of the tapping sound detection waveform d of is a large value.
Based on such knowledge, the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D face each other based on the result of comparison between the evaluation value E corresponding to the amplitude of the first waveform and the predetermined first threshold value T1. It is possible to determine the presence or absence of peeling of the exterior material 2 at a location and to determine the separation boundary between the sound portion and the peeled portion of the exterior material 2 .
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the evaluation unit 50 calculates the evaluation value E corresponding to each hit detection waveform detected by the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D and the predetermined first threshold value T1 The presence or absence of peeling inside the object to be inspected is determined based on the result of comparison with .

Next, determination of the reference amplitude value using the standard specimen 54 will be described with reference to the flow chart of FIG. In the following explanation, the above method 1 is applied to the first to fourth evaluation value calculation units 46A to 46D.
will be described.
First, the detection unit 12A of the condition evaluation device 10 is placed on the closing plate 5404 of the standard specimen 54, and the hammer 20 is positioned just above the hitting target point 5408 (step S60).
At this time, the detection unit 12A is positioned so that the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D are aligned with the two center lines CL1 and CL2 shown in FIG. 14(A) in plan view.
Note that the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D and the first and second center lines CL1 of the standard specimen 54
, and CL2, there are four types of positional relationships that differ in phase by 90°, as shown in FIGS.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25A to 25A-
25D to obtain the amplitude value of the first waveform.

Next, the operator operates the operation part 32 (step S62), thereby causing the hammer 20 to hit the hitting target point 5408 of the closing plate 5404 (step S64).
The hammer 20 hits the hitting target point 5408 of the blocking plate 5404, and the hitting sound generated is detected by the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D. Hammering sound detection waveforms are respectively generated by ˜fourth hammering sound waveform detection circuits 36A to 36D, and the generated hammering sound detection waveforms are obtained by first to fourth hammering sound waveform sampling units 40.
Each of the waveform data sampled by A to 40D is supplied to the first to fourth waveform characteristic value detectors 44A to 44D (step S66).
The first to fourth waveform characteristic value detection units 44A to 44D respectively detect the amplitude values of the first waveforms corresponding to the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D based on the supplied waveform data (step S68). ).
The reference amplitude calculator 4602 (see FIG. 19) of the first to fourth evaluation value calculators 46A to 46D
It is determined whether or not the operation of detecting the first amplitude value by the first to fourth waveform characteristic value detecting units 44A to 44D for determining the reference amplitude value A0 has been performed a predetermined number of times (step S70).
If the determination result is negative, the reference amplitude calculator 4602 causes the display device to display that the operation of the operation unit 32 is required, and the control returns to step S62.
Next, the operator detects the first amplitude values for all four types of positional relationships between the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D and the first and second center lines CL1 and CL2 of the standard specimen 54. It is determined whether or not an action has been performed (step S72).
If the determination result of step S72 is negative, the detection unit 12A is rotated by 90 degrees (step S74), and the process returns to step S62.
If the determination result in step S72 is affirmative, the reference characteristic value determination section 4602 (see FIG. 19) of the first to fourth evaluation value calculation sections 46A to 46D calculates the average value of each amplitude value, and calculates the first
A reference amplitude value A0 corresponding to each of the to fourth microphones is determined, and each reference amplitude value A0 is supplied to the normalized characteristic value calculator 4604 (see FIG. 19) (step S76).
This completes the operation of determining the reference amplitude value.
In this embodiment, the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D and the first
, and the second center lines CL1 and CL2 by changing the phase of the positional relationship by 90° each to obtain a plurality of amplitude values of the first waveform. Since the value is determined, it is advantageous in obtaining the reference amplitude value in which the influence of the shape and structure of the standard specimen 54 is suppressed.

Next, referring to the flowchart of FIG. 15, the state of the exterior surface of the building, which is the object to be inspected, is evaluated using the state evaluation device 10, that is, the bonding state of the exterior material 2 such as tiles, such as floating or peeling. explain.
First, the operator brings the three rollers 18A, 18B, and 18C of the detection unit 12A into contact with the surface of the exterior material 2 (arbitrary inspection object) to be diagnosed (step S80).
Next, the operator operates the operation part 32 (step S82), and the hitting part 20 hits the surface of the exterior material 2 (step S84).
Hit sounds generated by hitting the surface of the exterior material 2 by the hitting part 20 are generated by the first to fourth microphones 25
A to 25D are detected, and based on the detection signals generated from the four microphones, first to fourth hitting sound waveform detection circuits 36A to 36D generate hitting sound detection waveforms, respectively, and generated hitting sound detections. The waveforms are sampled by the first to fourth percussion waveform sampling units 40A to 40D and supplied to the first to fourth waveform characteristic value detection units 44A to 44D (step S86).
).
The striking force generated in the hammer 20 by striking the surface of the exterior material 2 by the striking portion 20 is detected by the striking force sensor 26, and the striking force waveform is detected based on the detection signal generated by the striking force sensor 26. A striking force detection waveform is generated by the circuit 38, and the generated striking force detection waveform is sampled by the striking force waveform sampling section 42 and supplied to the first to fourth waveform characteristic value detecting sections 44A to 44D (step S88).

The first to fourth waveform characteristic value detection units 44A to 44D are based on the respective sampled hitting sound detection waveforms, in other words, the respective waveforms sampled by the first to fourth hitting sound waveform sampling units 40A to 40D. The first to fourth microphones 25A to 25 are based on the first waveform formed by the waveform data sampled from the time before the reference time among the data.
The amplitude value Ai corresponding to D is detected and supplied to the first to fourth evaluation value calculators 46A to 46D (step S90).
Normalized characteristic value calculators 46 provided in the first to fourth evaluation value calculators 46A to 46D, respectively
04 (see FIG. 19) is the amplitude value Ai detected by the first to fourth waveform characteristic value detection units 44A to 44D, that is, each waveform sampled by the first to fourth percussion waveform sampling units 40A to 40D. A normalized amplitude value Ar is calculated by dividing the data by each reference amplitude value A0 (step S91). And the first to fourth evaluation value calculators 46A to 46D
The power calculation unit 4606 (see FIG. 19) provided in each of the normalized characteristic value calculation units 46
A power calculation is performed using the normalized amplitude value Ar calculated in 04 as a base and an arbitrary number (2 in this embodiment) as a power exponent, and an evaluation value E=Ar ² =(Ai/A0) ² is calculated. , to the evaluation unit 50 (step S92).

The evaluation unit 50 determines whether or not the amplitude of the detected impact waveform is less than a predetermined second threshold value T2 (step S94).
When it is determined that the amplitude of the detected striking force waveform is less than the predetermined second threshold value T2, the evaluation unit 50 stops evaluating the state of the exterior material 2, and outputs the measurement from the output unit 52. is notified to the effect that redoing is urged (step S100).
Then, the process proceeds to step S80.
On the other hand, when it is determined in step S94 that the amplitude of the detected striking force waveform is not less than the predetermined second threshold value T2, the evaluation unit 50 evaluates the evaluation value E and the first threshold value T1. Based on the comparison, determination of the presence or absence of peeling of the exterior material 2 and determination of the peel boundary between the healthy portion and the peeled portion are performed (step S96).
The output unit 52 outputs the determination result of the presence/absence of peeling of the exterior material 2 supplied from the evaluation unit 50 and the detection result of the separation boundary between the healthy portion and the peeled portion (step S98), and terminates the series of operations. Thereafter, the same processing as described above is repeated for the exterior material 2 to be diagnosed next.

Next, determination of the separation boundary between the healthy portion and the peeled portion of the exterior material will be specifically described.
FIG. 16 is a front view of the portion where the tiles are attached to the outer surface of the building, showing the state in which the detection unit 12A is positioned at four different positions P10 to P13.
More specifically, an exterior material 2 is provided on the outer surface of a concrete frame 4 of the building.
The exterior material 2 includes a base mortar 202 provided in layers on the outer surface of the concrete skeleton 4,
and a tile 206 attached to the outer surface of the base mortar 202 with an attachment material 204. - 特許庁
Moreover, FIG.
is generated, and L1 indicates a separation boundary line representing the boundary between the separation portion 8 and the sound portion 6. FIG.
In the drawing, the non-hatched portion is the sound portion 6 and the hatched portion is the peeled portion 8 .
17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 16. FIG. Note that in FIG. 17, the bottom wall 1602 of the housing 16
The space H between the lower surface of and the surface of the exterior material 2 is omitted from the drawing.
18A to 18D are waveform diagrams showing four hammering sound detection waveforms corresponding to the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D detected corresponding to positions P10 to P13 of the detection unit 12A.
For convenience of explanation, FIG. 18(D) is the time axis (horizontal axis) compared to FIGS.
The time (μs) per unit distance of is shown in an enlarged manner.
In addition, in FIGS. 18A to 18C, since the amplitudes of the four tapping detection waveforms are very small, four
Two hammering detection waveforms are displayed overlapping each other.

(1) The detection unit 12A is located at the position P10, the impact point P1 and the first to fourth microphones 2
When all of 5A to 25D are located in the healthy portion 6, as shown in FIG. 17(A), the first to
The hammering sound detection waveforms of the fourth microphones 25A to 25D have small amplitudes.
Therefore, it can be seen that the hit point P1 is located in the sound portion 6 based on the comparison between the evaluation value E obtained from the detected tapping sound waveform of each microphone and the first threshold value T1.
(2) The detection unit 12A is located at the position P11, the impact point P1 and the second to fourth microphones 2
5B to 25D are located in the sound portion 6 and the first microphone 25A is located on the edge of the peeled portion 8, as shown in FIG. The amplitude of the waveform is small, and although the amplitude of the tapping sound detection waveform of the first microphone 25A is slightly larger than the amplitude of the tapping sound detection waveforms of the other three microphones, the difference is negligible. degree.
Therefore, it can be seen that the hit point P1 is located in the sound portion 6 based on the comparison between the evaluation value E obtained from the detected tapping sound waveform of each microphone and the first threshold value T1.
(3) The detection unit 12A is located at the position P12, the impact point P1 and the second to fourth microphones 2
5B to 25D are located in the healthy portion 6, and the fourth microphone 25D is located at the edge of the peeled portion 8, as shown in FIG. The amplitude of the waveform is small, and although the amplitude of the tapping sound detection waveform of the fourth microphone 25D is slightly larger than the amplitude of the tapping sound detection waveforms of the other three microphones, the difference is negligible. degree.
Therefore, it can be seen that the hit point P1 is located in the sound portion 6 based on the comparison between the evaluation value E obtained from the detected tapping sound waveform of each microphone and the first threshold value T1.
(4) The detection unit 12A is located at the position P13, the impact point P1 and the second and third microphones 2
5B and 25C are positioned in the peeled portion 8 and the first and fourth microphones 25A and 25D are positioned in the healthy portion 6, as shown in FIG. 17(D), the first and fourth microphones 25A and 25D The amplitudes of the hammering sound detection waveforms of the second and third microphones 25B and 25C are remarkably larger than the amplitudes of the hammering sound detection waveforms of , and the difference in amplitude appears clearly.
Therefore, it is determined that the hit point P1 is positioned at the peeled portion 8 based on the comparison between the evaluation value E obtained from the detected hitting sound waveform of each microphone and the first threshold value T1.

As described above, according to the state evaluation device 10 of the second embodiment, the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D are positioned equidistantly and symmetrically from the center of the hammer 20 (hitting point P1).
By arranging the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D, a hammering sound detection waveform is generated for each microphone, and the amplitude of the first waveform of each hammering sound detection waveform generated for each microphone is equal to The corresponding evaluation value E is used for evaluating the state of the inspection object.
In other words, the evaluation value E obtained from the tap sound detection waveforms of the first to fourth microphones 25A to 25D
and the first threshold value, it is determined whether the hitting point P1 is positioned at the sound portion 6 or at the peeled portion 8 .
Therefore, it goes without saying that the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and evaluation and determination of the presence or absence of peeling of the exterior material 2 and the separation boundary that is the boundary between the sound portion 6 and the peeled portion 8 of the exterior material 2 is performed. It is advantageous in performing efficiently and accurately. In addition, by providing a plurality of microphones around the hitting point, it is possible to grasp the floating situation around one hitting point. Therefore, it is advantageous in efficiently and accurately evaluating the state of the object to be inspected.

In the embodiment, the object to be inspected is a building, and the adhesion state of the exterior material 2 such as the tile 206, such as floating or peeling, is evaluated. In the case where the material 2 is not provided, in addition to the building outer surface, when evaluating the state of the interior near the building outer surface, and when the exterior material 2 such as tiles 206 and mortar is provided, the exterior In addition to the surface of the material 2, it is widely applicable when evaluating the exterior material 2 portion inside the surface of the exterior material 2, the surface of the building skeleton inside the exterior material 2, and the interior near the surface.
Furthermore, the present invention can be widely applied when evaluating the indoor floor, ceiling, wall surface, indoor concrete frame, and the like of a building.
In addition, the present invention is not limited to buildings as objects to be inspected, but can be widely applied when evaluating structures such as viaducts and dams.

(Example)
Hereinafter, embodiments of the state evaluation apparatus and the state evaluation method for an inspection object according to the present invention will be described.
In this embodiment, a detection unit with microphones arranged in four directions as shown in the second embodiment is used, and the evaluation value E is calculated using the impact force as in Method 2.
<Structure of detection unit>
26 is a configuration diagram of the detection unit 60 of the condition evaluation device according to the embodiment, FIG. 27 is a photograph of the appearance of the detection unit 60, and Table 1 is a table showing the specifications of the detection unit 60.
26 and 27 show only the main parts of the detection unit 60, and illustration of a moving mechanism such as rollers is omitted. Also, from the viewpoint of visibility, reference numerals are omitted in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 26, the detection unit 60 of the state evaluation device according to the embodiment includes an aluminum housing 602 (device bottom plate 612 of the housing 602), a microphone 604, a solenoid actuator 606, a piezoelectric element 608, and a striking head ( hammer) 610.
The solenoid actuator 606 is capable of high-speed impact with a maximum impact frequency of 10 Hz, and has a impact stroke of 10 mm. The striking head 610 attached to the tip of the solenoid actuator 606 is stainless steel with a diameter of 6 mm and a tip radius of curvature of 5 mm. The projection length of the striking head 610 from the device bottom plate 612 at the maximum stroke is 5 mm
(See FIG. 26(B)) so that it can be hit even on a slightly uneven tile surface.
As a striking force sensor, a piezoelectric element 608 is attached between the striking head 610 and the shaft of the solenoid actuator 606 to measure the voltage value generated by the piezoelectric effect during striking. By using this striking force sensor (piezoelectric element 608), it is possible not only to correct the striking response sound, but also to use the striking force as a trigger to perform measurement regardless of the magnitude of the striking response sound. has the advantage of being able to accurately perform
The driving voltage of the solenoid actuator 606 is variable in five steps of 3.5, 4, 5, 6, and 8 V, so that the impact force can be appropriately changed according to the object to be inspected. In addition, by making the impact force variable, it was possible to experimentally examine the effect of the impact force on the impact response sound.

As shown in Table 1, a compact, lightweight condenser microphone with sufficient frequency characteristics was selected as the microphone 604 for recording impact response sounds. The mounting positions of the microphones 604 were set outside the housing 602 made of aluminum in which the striking mechanism was built, and four microphones 604 were mounted so as to be evenly spaced in four directions with the striking point P as the center. The horizontal distance from the impact point P to the center of the microphone is 40 mm (±0.5
mm), and the distance between the microphone 602 and the inspection object (inspection object surface) was 7.5 mm (±0.5 mm) when the device bottom plate 612 was in close contact with the inspection object surface.
The sampling frequency is 2 so that the waveform of the impact force and impact response sound can be properly recorded.
00 kHz.

<Configuration of test body>
Next, the specimens used in the examples will be described.
In the example, three types of specimens as shown in FIG. 28 were produced. The test surfaces of all specimens were made of glass, with the intention of ensuring high precision and homogeneity and having physical properties similar to those of ceramic tiles.
The specimen A is a disk-shaped quartz glass specimen having a diameter of 300 mm and a thickness of 60 mm. A cavity having a diameter of 160 mm and a depth of 50 mm was provided in the center of the back surface. As a result, a test surface with a thickness of 10 mm was left on the surface of the specimen.
Specimen A is processed with high precision and does not change in quality for a long period of time, so it is positioned as a standard specimen for device calibration.

Specimen B is a 300 mm square, 60 m thick concrete flat plate with a core removed from the center with a diameter of 160 mm. about 1 mm).
Specimen B is a specimen simulating a peeling state in a configuration similar to a state in which tiles are attached to concrete. Since it can be manufactured at low cost, it is suitable for daily use at inspection sites.

Specimen C is a specimen obtained by bonding a 10 mm thick soda-lime glass to a concrete flat plate of 300 mm square and 60 m thick with an epoxy resin adhesive over the entire surface (covering allowance of about 1 mm).
Specimen C simulates a sound state in which the tiles are completely adhered to concrete and no peeling occurs, and was prepared as a specimen for comparison with specimens A and B.
Table 2 shows the specifications of the glasses (quartz glass and soda-lime glass) used for the specimens A to C.

<Setting test object measurement conditions>
The hitting part of the test body was set at the central part of the test body where it is assumed that the four microphones 604 receive an equal hitting response sound. Here, measurement conditions were set assuming various gaps between the device bottom plate 612 and the test surface as shown in Table 3 as situations in which the detection unit 60 tilts or separates from the wall surface.

For example, in the case "n1s1" shown in Table 3, the gap between the device bottom plate 612 and the surface of the test body in each test body is in the four directions of N, E, S, and W shown in the plan view of each test body in FIG. Among them, the N direction is 1 mm, and the S direction is 1 mm. In order to satisfy this condition, the gap must be 0.
mm, as shown in FIG.
12 (no reference numerals in the figure) were inserted into the four corners for measurement. Each microphone 6 at the time of measurement
The housing 602 was rotated by 90 degrees as shown in FIG.
The number of measurements under the same measurement conditions and directions was two. In addition, in order to consider the effect of the impact force on the impact response sound, the driving voltage 606 of the solenoid actuator is set to 3.5
, 4, 5, 6, and 8V.

<Relativization of maximum striking force and first wave maximum amplitude>
As a standard value for calibrating the maximum impact force F and the amplitude value A of the first waveform (hereinafter referred to as "first wave amplitude value A"), the center of the specimen A, which is a standard specimen, was measured. Let the average value of the maximum striking force F be the striking force standard value F0, and let the average value of the first wave maximum amplitude A be the first wave amplitude standard value A0. Note that the standard values F0 and A0 are set for each drive voltage and each microphone 602 .
Next, the maximum impact force and the first wave amplitude value are relativized using the above standard values,
It was defined as the relative impact force Fr and the relative amplitude value Ar as in the following formulas (1) and (2).
Fr=(Fi/F0) (1)
Ar=(Ai/A0) (2)
That is, of the secondary normalized amplitude values Ar/Fr described in the first embodiment, the amplitude value A
A coefficient relating to the relative amplitude value Ar and a coefficient relating to the maximum striking force F was assumed to be a relative striking force Fr.
As described above, various gap conditions were set as shown in Table 3, assuming the gap between the apparatus bottom plate 612 and the test piece surface. for standard values F0 and A0.

<Study on clearance conditions for standard value setting in quadratic normalization>
(1) When the close contact state (n0s0) is set as a standard clearance condition 30 shows the relationship between the relative amplitude value Ar and the relative impact force Fr. In FIGS. 30 to 33, (A) shows the results of all the clearance conditions shown in Table 3, and (B) shows four kinds of clearance conditions (n0s0, n1s1, n2s2, n3s3
) are shown.
In FIG. 30, Fr and Ar are 1 when the gap condition is n0s0, which is the close contact state.
Also, from FIG. 30, it can be seen that as the gap thickness increases, the stroke of the solenoid actuator 606 increases, so the relative impact force Fr increases, and the relative amplitude value Ar tends to increase accordingly.
Also, if the contact state is set as a standard condition, the relationship between Ar and Fr will vary greatly under the condition where there is a gap. Furthermore, the condition where the device is tilted and only one side is in close contact (n2s0
), the microphone 604 on the side where the device bottom plate 612 and the test object surface are in close contact, and the device bottom plate 61
2 and the microphone 604 on the side with a gap on the surface of the test piece, the recorded and calculated Ar are significantly different.

(2) When the gap state (n1s1) is set as a standard gap condition Measured values F and A in the state (n1s1) in which a gap of 1 mm is evenly provided between the device bottom plate 612 and the test body A are set to the standard value F0 and A0, the relationship between the relative amplitude value Ar and the relative striking force Fr is shown in FIG.
Examining FIG. 31, the tendency of Fr to increase as the stroke of the solenoid actuator 606 increases and Ar to increase accordingly is the same as in FIG. However, under the other gap conditions except for the gap condition in the close contact state (n0s0), the variation in the relationship between Ar and Fr is small, and a clearer relationship is recognized.

(3) Setting standard clearance conditions for obtaining standard values F0 and A0 From the results of Figs. In order to obtain stable Ar and Fr when measuring an actual object to be evaluated, it is desirable to always maintain a gap state during measurement, such as by attaching a predetermined spacer to the bottom plate 612 of the apparatus. is presumed.
On the other hand, if the gap is too large, the stroke of the solenoid actuator 606 is limited, making it difficult for the striking head 610 to strike the wall surface.
In this embodiment, as a result of various studies, the clearance condition n1s1 is set to the standard clearance condition.

(4) Consideration of Fr and Ar in Specimens B and C The relationship between Ar and Fr in Specimen B is shown in FIG. Standard values F0 and A0 are measured values F and A of specimen A, which is a standard specimen, under the clearance condition n1s1.
From FIG. 32, the relationship between Ar and Fr in test body B is almost the same as in test body A, and the difference between test body A and test body B is almost the same for maximum impact force F and first wave amplitude A. I know not.
Next, FIG. 33 shows the relationship between Ar and Fr in the specimen C. As shown in FIG. The standard values F0 and A0 are the measured values F and A of the specimen A under the clearance condition n1s1, as in FIG.
As can be seen from FIG. 33, the Fr of the specimen C is about 15% larger than that of the specimen A, but the Ar of the specimen C is very small.

<Study on evaluation value E>
Based on the results of the above studies, the relationship between the relative striking force Fr and the relative amplitude value Ar was used to examine parameters that enable stable determination of peeling regardless of fluctuations in the relative striking force.
From the relationship between Ar and Fr in FIG. 31, the evaluation value E shown in the following formula (3) is defined.
E=(Ar) ⁱ /(Fr) ^j (3) (i and j are arbitrary numbers)
In the present embodiment, two cases of formula (4) and formula (5) were examined on a trial basis as the values of variables i and j.
(Case 1) E=Ar/Fr (4) (i=1, j=1)
(Case 2) E=Ar/√Fr (5) (i=1, j=1/2)

FIG. 34 shows the relationship between E and Fr for case 1. In FIG.
In FIGS. 34 and 35, (A) shows the graph of the specimen A, (B) shows the graph of the specimen B, and (C) shows the graph of the specimen C, respectively.
From FIG. 34, it can be seen that E tends to decrease as Fr increases in Case 1 in which exponentiation is not performed. However, it is desirable that the evaluation value E remain stable even when the impact force fluctuates depending on the drive voltage and the clearance conditions.
FIG. 35 shows the relationship between E and Fr for Case 2. In FIG.
From FIG. 35, it can be seen that in Case 2, E is almost constant regardless of the clearance conditions for any specimen. Therefore, it is considered that case 2 is more suitable as the evaluation value E in the state evaluation device according to the present invention.
Also, in FIG. 35, the evaluation value E (see FIGS. 35A and 35B) of the specimen A and the specimen B having a hollow portion on the back surface to simulate the peeling state, and the specimen completely adhered to the concrete. A comparison with the evaluation value E (see FIG. 35(C)) of the specimen C imitating a healthy state shows that the value of E greatly differs depending on the presence or absence of cavities. From this, it can be said that it is effective to use the evaluation value E as a detachment determination parameter when determining detachment of a tile.

2 Exterior material (object to be inspected)
10, 10A Condition evaluation device 20 Hammer 22 Actuator 24A First microphone 24B Second microphone 25A First microphone 25B Second microphone 25C Third microphone 25D Fourth microphone 26 Impact force sensor 30 Driving unit 32 Operation unit 34 Adjusting unit 36 Detection circuit 36A First detection circuit 36B Second detection circuit 36C Third detection circuit 36D Fourth detection circuit 38 Impact force waveform detection circuit 40 Sampling section 40A First sampling section 40B Second sampling section 40C Third sampling section 40D Fourth sampling section 42 Impact force waveform sampling section 44 Waveform characteristic value detection section 44A First waveform characteristic value detection section 44B Second waveform characteristic value detection section 44C Third waveform characteristic value detection section 44D Fourth waveform characteristic value detection section 46 (46α, 46β) Evaluation Value calculation unit 46A First evaluation value calculation unit 46B Second evaluation value calculation unit 46C Third evaluation value calculation unit 46D Fourth evaluation value calculation unit 4602 Reference characteristic value determination unit 4604 Normalized characteristic value calculation unit 4606 Power calculation unit 4610 Maximum Impact force detector 4612 Primary normalized characteristic value calculator 4614 Reference characteristic value determiner 4616 Secondary normalized characteristic value calculator 4618 Power calculator 50 Evaluation unit 52 Output unit 54 Standard specimen

Claims (3)

having a detection unit and a main unit,
The detection unit has one striking head, a striking force sensor, and a plurality of microphones provided equidistant from the striking head centering on the striking head,
The body unit has a waveform characteristic value detection section and a maximum impact force detection section,
The waveform characteristic value detection unit detects an amplitude value A of the first waveform, with the N-th waveform of the hitting sound detection waveform based on the detection signal generated from the microphone as the first waveform,
The maximum striking force detection unit detects a maximum striking force F based on a detection signal generated from the striking force sensor,
The average value of the maximum striking force F measured by striking the standard specimen with the striking head is defined as the striking force standard value F0, and the amplitude of the first waveform measured by striking the standard specimen with the striking head. The average value of the value A is the first wave amplitude standard value A0,
When the amplitude value A of the first waveform detected by striking the inspection object with the striking head is Ai, and the maximum striking force detected by striking the inspection object with the striking head is Fi. ,
A state evaluation device for evaluating the state of the inspection object based on an evaluation value E=Ar/√Fr (relative amplitude value Ar=Ai/A0, relative impact force Fr=Fi/F0). having a detection unit and a main unit,
The detection unit has one striking head, a striking force sensor, and a plurality of microphones provided equidistant from the striking head centering on the striking head,
The body unit has a waveform characteristic value detection section and a maximum impact force detection section,
The waveform characteristic value detection unit detects an amplitude value A of the first waveform, with the N-th waveform of the hitting sound detection waveform based on the detection signal generated from the microphone as the first waveform,
The maximum striking force detection unit detects a maximum striking force F based on a detection signal generated from the striking force sensor,
The average value of the maximum striking force F measured by striking the standard specimen with the striking head is defined as the striking force standard value F0, and the amplitude of the first waveform measured by striking the standard specimen with the striking head. The average value of the value A is the first wave amplitude standard value A0,
When the amplitude value A of the first waveform detected by striking the inspection object with the striking head is Ai, and the maximum striking force detected by striking the inspection object with the striking head is Fi. ,
A state evaluation device that evaluates the state of the inspection object based on an evaluation value E=Ar ² /Fr (relative amplitude value Ar=Ai/A0, relative impact force Fr=Fi/F0). the plurality of microphones is four;
3. The condition evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein said devices are arranged point-symmetrically at an angle of 90[deg.] to each other on a circumference centered on said striking head.

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