JP7326668B2 - シワの発生が防止された銅箔、それを含む電極、それを含む二次電池、およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
シワの発生が防止された銅箔、それを含む電極、それを含む二次電池、およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7326668B2 JP7326668B2 JP2021561763A JP2021561763A JP7326668B2 JP 7326668 B2 JP7326668 B2 JP 7326668B2 JP 2021561763 A JP2021561763 A JP 2021561763A JP 2021561763 A JP2021561763 A JP 2021561763A JP 7326668 B2 JP7326668 B2 JP 7326668B2
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Description
-電子ビームエネルギー(Electron Beam Energy):5KeV
-ターゲット電流(Target Current):10nA
-チルト(Tilt):30degrees
-スパッタリング食刻率(Sputtering Etching Rate):SiO2基準133Å/min(3KVのアルゴンイオンビーム)
(hkl)面の回折強度の比率=100*I(hkl)/{I(111)+I(200)+I(220)+I(311)}
出力:40kV、40mA
波長:1.5406Å
測定範囲:30~100degree
scan axis:Theta-2Theta
scan speed:2deg/min
電解槽10、電解槽10に配置された回転陰極ドラム12および回転陰極ドラム12と離隔して配置された正極板13を含む製箔機を利用して銅箔を製造した。電解液11は硫酸銅溶液である。電解液11内の銅イオンの濃度は87g/L、硫酸の濃度は110g/L、過酸化水素(H2O2)の濃度は0.05~0.08ml/Lに維持、電解液の温度は55℃、電流密度は60ASDに設定された。
X線回折(X-ray Diffraction、XRD)を利用して銅箔の残留応力を測定した。より具体的には、銅層110の結晶面に対するX線回折(XRD)を利用して各結晶面の残留応力を測定した。
Target:3kW x-ray tube with Cu target
出力:40kV、40mA
波長:1.5406Å
測定範囲:30~100degree
scan axis:Theta-2Theta
scan speed:2deg/min
製造例1-4および比較例1-4で製造された銅箔を構成する銅層110の結晶面である(111)面、(200)面、(220)面および(311)面の回折強度の和のうち、(220)面の回折強度が占める比率を測定した。
(hkl)面の回折強度の比率=100*I(hkl)/{I(111)+I(200)+I(220)+I(311)}
製造例1-4および比較例1-4の銅箔を切断して2cm×2cmの測定用サンプルを製造し、オージェ電子分光法(Auger Electron Spectroscopy:AES)用機器であるPHI700(ULVAC-PHI、INC.)を利用してサンプルの表面から原子の個数を測定することによって炭素(C)成分の含量を計算した。
-電子ビームエネルギー(Electron Beam Energy):5KeV
-ターゲット電流(Target Current):10nA
-チルト(Tilt):30degrees
-スパッタリング食刻率(Sputtering Etching Rate):SiO2基準133Å/min(3KVのアルゴンイオンビーム)
製造例1-4および比較例1-4で製造された銅箔を130℃で30分の熱処理後、銅箔の延伸率を測定した。
JIS B 0601-2001規格により表面粗さ測定機(M300、Mahr)を利用して、製造例1-4および比較例1-4で製造された銅箔の第1面S1と第2面S2の表面粗さ(RaまたはRz JIS)をそれぞれ測定した。測定結果を利用して、銅箔の第1面S1と第2面S2の表面粗さ(RaまたはRz JIS)の差(ΔRaまたはΔRz JIS)を計算した。
製造例1-4および比較例1-4で製造された銅箔を幅方向に沿って30cmの幅で切断(30cm×30cm)してサンプルを準備した。サンプルのマット面MS方向である第1面S1が上を向くように支持台に配置した後、支持台から突出している高さを測定した。サンプルの4ヶ所で測定した高さの平均値を計算して銅箔のカール(curl)値を算定した。
1)負極の製造
商業的に利用可能な負極活物質用シリコン/カーボン複合負極材100重量部に2重量部のスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)および2重量部のカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)を混合し、蒸溜水を溶剤として利用して負極活物質用スラリーを調製した。ドクターブレードを利用して10cmの幅を有する製造例1-4および比較例1-4の銅箔上に40μmの厚さで負極活物質用スラリーを塗布し、これを120℃で乾燥し、1ton/cm2の圧力を加えて二次電池用負極を製造した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)およびエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を1:2の割合で混合した非水性有機溶媒に溶質であるLiPF6を1Mの濃度で溶解して基本電解液を製造した。99.5重量%の基本電解液と0.5重量%のコハク酸無水物(Succinic anhydride)を混合して非水電解液を製造した。
Li1.1Mn1.85Al0.05O4であるリチウムマンガン酸化物とo-LiMnO2であるorthorhombic結晶構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物を90:10(重量比)の比で混合して正極活物質を製造した。正極活物質、カーボンブラック、および結着剤であるPVDF[Poly(vinylidenefluoride)]を85:10:5(重量比)で混合し、これを有機溶媒であるNMPと混合してスラリーを製造した。このように製造されたスラリーを厚さ20μmのAl箔(foil)の両面に塗布した後、乾燥して正極を製造した。
アルミニウム缶の内部に、アルミニウム缶と絶縁されるように正極と負極を配置し、その間に非水電解液および分離膜を配置してコイン形態のリチウム二次電池を製造した。使われた分離膜はポリプロピレン(Celgard 2325、厚さ25μm、average pore sizeφ28nm、porosity 40%)であった。
このように製造されたリチウム二次電池を利用して4.3V充電電圧および3.4V放電電圧で電池を駆動し、50℃の高温で0.2C率(current rate、C-rate)で100回の充/放電を遂行した。
100回の充放電後、二次電池を分解して銅箔にシワまたは破裂が発生するかどうかを観察した。銅箔にシワまたは破裂が発行した場合を「発生」と表示し、発生していない場合を「なし」と表記した。
211、212:防錆膜
310、320:活物質層
103、104:二次電池用電極
MS:マット面
SS:シャイニー面
Claims (11)
- マット面およびシャイニー面を有する銅層、および
前記銅層上に配置された防錆膜、を含み、
絶対値を基準として0.5~25Mpaの残留応力(residual stress)を有し、
前記銅層は、
銅、および
炭素(C)、を含み、
前記銅層において、前記炭素(C)の含量は2~20ppmであり、
前記銅層は結晶質(crystalline)粒子を含む(111)面、(200)面、(220)面および(311)面を有し、
前記(111)面、前記(200)面、前記(220)面および前記(311)面の回折強度の和のうち前記(220)面の回折強度が占める比率が10~40%であり、
常温で前記(220)面の前記結晶質粒子は70~120nmの平均粒子の大きさを有する、銅箔。 - 前記残留応力は前記(111)面、前記(200)面、前記(220)面および前記(311)面のうち少なくとも一つに対して測定されたものである、請求項1に記載の銅箔。
- 前記残留応力は前記(200)面に対して測定されたものである、請求項1に記載の銅箔。
- 130℃で30分の熱処理後、2~20%の延伸率を有する、請求項1に記載の銅箔。
- 前記マット面方向の第1面および前記シャイニー面方向の第2面を有し、
前記第1面と前記第2面の表面粗さRaの差が0.5μm以下である、請求項1に記載の銅箔。 - 前記マット面方向の第1面および前記シャイニー面方向の第2面を有し、
前記第1面と前記第2面の表面粗さRz JISの差が0.5μm以下である、請求項1に記載の銅箔。 - 2~20μmの厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の銅箔。
- 前記防錆膜はクロム、シラン化合物および窒素化合物のうち少なくとも一つを含む、請求項1に記載の銅箔。
- 銅箔、および
前記銅箔の少なくとも一面に配置された活物質層、を含み、
前記銅箔は請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載された銅箔である、二次電池用電極。 - 正極(cathode)、
前記正極と対向配置された負極(anode)、
前記正極と前記負極の間に配置されてリチウムイオンが移動できる環境を提供する電解液(electrolyte)、および
前記正極と前記負極を電気的に絶縁させる分離膜(separator)、を含み、
前記負極は、
請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載された銅箔、および
前記銅箔上に配置された活物質層、を含む、二次電池。 - 請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載された銅箔の製造方法であって、
銅イオンを含む電解液を製造する段階、および
前記電解液内に互いに離隔するように配置された正極板および回転陰極ドラムを30~70ASD(A/dm2)の電流密度で通電させて銅層を形成する段階、を含み、
前記電解液は、
70~100g/Lの銅イオン、
70~150g/Lの硫酸、
1~45ppmの塩素(Cl)、
0.6g/L以下のヒ素(As)イオン、
0.01~0.1ml/Lの過酸化水素、および
有機添加剤、を含み、
前記有機添加剤は光沢剤(A成分)、減速剤(B成分)、レベリング剤(C成分)および粗さ調節剤(D成分)のうち少なくとも一つを含み、
前記光沢剤(A成分)はスルホン酸またはその金属塩を含み、
前記減速剤(B成分)は非イオン性水溶性高分子を含み、
前記レベリング剤(C成分)は窒素(N)および硫黄(S)のうち少なくとも一つを含み、
前記粗さ調節剤(D成分)は窒素含有ヘテロ環4級アンモニウム塩またはその誘導体を含む、銅箔の製造方法。
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