JP7323999B2 - bearing wall - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to load-bearing walls.

With respect to wooden or steel-framed buildings, renovation including seismic reinforcement of buildings constructed based on the old seismic resistance standards, for example, is being actively carried out. In seismic reinforcement, non-bearing walls are made bearing walls by attaching braces to the inside of building walls and attaching facing materials such as structural plywood to structural surfaces. However, in the method of creating a load-bearing wall by attaching braces and facing materials to the structural surface, openings such as windows interfere with the braces or are blocked by the facing materials. There is a problem that the existing opening must be sacrificed.

Here, a load-bearing wall is proposed in which structural face members are attached to a framework consisting of vertical and horizontal members of a structural framework, and gusset plates are arranged at the four corners of the framework ( For example, see Patent Document 1).

JP 2005-207204 A

In the load-bearing wall described in Patent Document 1 as well, the frame is completely closed by the face material. be completely blocked.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a load-bearing wall that can be used as a load-bearing wall while leaving an opening in the wall of a building or with an opening. It is intended to

In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the load-bearing wall according to the present invention is
In an existing building, on an existing structural surface that is rectangular in front view and formed by two existing left and right columns and an existing horizontal member, a support column is fixed to the existing column via a fixing means, and the existing column and the existing column. A reinforcing metal fitting is attached to at least two of the four joints of the existing horizontal member.

According to this aspect, reinforcing metal fittings are attached to at least two of the four joints on the existing structural surface that is rectangular in front view, while reinforcing the existing columns of a wooden or steel-framed building with the additional pillars. As a result, even if there is an opening inside the existing structural surface, the existing structural surface can be made into a load-bearing wall without blocking the opening. Here, "at least two joints" means, of the four joints (four corners), two joints on the upper left and right, for example, two joints on the upper left and lower right, and all four corners. Including Shiguchi etc. By reinforcing the joints in at least two of the four corners with reinforcing metal fittings, it is possible to reinforce the rectangular structural surface in terms of seismic resistance. In addition, for example, by fixing the support pillar to the existing pillar that has deteriorated, the bearing strength of the pillar, which is a constituent element of the bearing wall, can be improved.

If only the joints of the existing structural surface are reinforced with reinforcing hardware, only the bearing strength of the bearing wall joints will be improved, so the bearing strength of the existing columns will be the bearing strength of the joints against the horizontal force during an earthquake. It cannot catch up, and thus the aging existing pillars may break before the bearing strength of the reinforced joints is fully exhibited. Therefore, if it is attempted to reinforce the joints with reinforcing hardware to such an extent that the existing pillars are not damaged, only a weak joint reinforcement corresponding to the bearing strength of the aged pillars can be performed.

Like the load-bearing wall of this mode, it is possible to form a load-bearing wall having a sufficient load-bearing value by both reinforcing the existing columns with support columns and reinforcing the joints of the structure surface with reinforcing metal fittings. can. By applying the load-bearing wall of this aspect to an existing building, it is possible to improve the earthquake resistance of the building without reducing the number of openings in the existing building.

In another aspect of the load-bearing wall according to the present invention, the existing horizontal members are composed of an existing beam above the existing pillar and an existing foundation below the existing pillar. a second form consisting of an existing beam in

According to this aspect, the load-bearing wall (first form) on the first floor structural surface (vertical structural surface) using the existing beams and the existing foundation as horizontal members, and the second floor and above using the upper and lower existing beams as horizontal members It is possible to provide a load-bearing wall in which the existing pillars are reinforced with additional pillars and the joints of the framing surfaces are reinforced with reinforcing metal fittings in any of the framing surfaces of the load-bearing walls (second form) in the framing surfaces of the floors.

Further, another aspect of the load-bearing wall according to the present invention is a first form in which the support pillars fixed to the left and right existing pillars are disposed inside the existing structure surface. A second form arranged outside, a third form in which one of the support pillars is arranged outside the existing structure surface and the other support pillar is arranged inside the existing structure surface, characterized by having either

According to this aspect, there are a first form in which the left and right support pillars are arranged inside the existing structure surface, a second form in which they are arranged outside the existing structure surface, and one is inside the existing structure surface and the other is It is possible to cover all the reinforcing forms of the third form, which are provided on the outside of the existing structural surface, by means of support columns.

Further, another aspect of the load-bearing wall according to the present invention is a first form in which the reinforcing metal fittings are arranged at four locations inside the existing structure surface, up, down, left, and right inside the existing structure surface. A second type that is arranged in two places, two places on the outside of the existing structure surface, two places on the bottom left and right, and a third type that is arranged on two places on the inside of the existing structure surface. and a fourth form, in which they are arranged in two places in total inside the existing structural surface, one of which is one of the upper left and right and one of the lower left and right.

According to this aspect, the first form in which reinforcing metal fittings for reinforcing at least two places of the joint are arranged in four places inside the existing structure surface, up, down, left, and right, two places inside the existing structure surface, up, down, left, and right and the second form, which is arranged in two places on the outer side, the left and right, the third form, which is arranged in two places on the inside of the existing structure surface, and either the upper left or right inside the existing structure surface It is possible to cover all the reinforcement modes by the reinforcement hardware, such as the fourth mode in which the reinforcement hardware is arranged in one place and either one of the lower left and right sides.

Another aspect of the load-bearing wall according to the present invention is characterized by having an opening inside the existing structural surface.

According to this aspect, while the existing pillars are reinforced with the support pillars, the reinforcing metal fittings are attached to at least two of the four joints of the existing structural surface that is rectangular in front view, thereby enabling the existing structure to be reinforced. In the interior of the face, load-bearing walls with openings such as sliding windows or sweep windows can be formed. In addition to the window, the opening also includes a pilotis space in which there is no wall between the left and right existing pillars reinforced by the support pillars. In addition, if the existing structure surface before reinforcement has an opening, by both reinforcing the existing pillar with a support pillar and reinforcing the joint of the structure surface with reinforcing hardware while leaving this opening, If the existing structural surface is a non-bearing wall, it can be a bearing wall that has been made into a bearing wall.

In another aspect of the load-bearing wall according to the present invention, the reinforcing hardware comprises a plurality of rectangular steel pipes arranged in parallel with their respective axial directions, and the diagonals of the respective cross sections of the rectangular steel pipes being aligned with each other. The corners that touch the are joined together,
The square steel pipe is fixed directly or indirectly to the existing pillar, the support pillar, and the existing horizontal member.

According to this aspect, a plurality of square steel pipes have their axial directions parallel to each other, and the reinforcing metal fittings are configured by connecting the mutually contacting corners so that the diagonal lines of the respective cross sections are aligned. When the horizontal force of time or the like acts on the building, the cross section of each square steel pipe deforms into a rhombus shape, effectively absorbing the seismic energy. That is, by making use of both the rigidity and tenacity of the square steel pipes, it is possible to strengthen the joints in a manner that has deformation performance, thereby making the existing structural surface a load-bearing wall. Here, ``the square steel pipe is directly or indirectly fixed to the existing column, support pillar, and horizontal member'' means that among the multiple square steel pipes that are joined to each other, A rectangular steel pipe is directly connected to an existing column by bolting or welding, or multiple mutually connected rectangular steel pipes are connected to a base plate, which is then connected to an existing column by bolting or welding. It includes a form in which a square steel pipe is indirectly joined to an existing column or the like by being directly joined.

As can be understood from the above description, according to the load-bearing wall of the present invention, the wall of the building can be made into a load-bearing wall while leaving the opening or having the opening.

1 is a front view of an example of a load-bearing wall according to an embodiment, which is formed by converting an existing structural surface that is a non-bearing wall into a load-bearing wall; FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state by which an example of a reinforcement metal fitting is attached to the joint. (a) is a schematic diagram of a reinforcing metal fitting at normal times, and (b) and (c) are schematic diagrams showing a state in which the reinforcing metal fitting is deformed and resists repeated horizontal forces acting during an earthquake. . FIG. 3 is a diagram showing load-bearing walls according to several embodiments;

Hereinafter, load-bearing walls according to embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in the present specification and drawings, substantially the same components may be denoted by the same reference numerals, thereby omitting duplicate descriptions.

[Load-bearing wall according to the embodiment]
An example of a bearing wall according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. Here, FIG. 1 is a front view of an example of a load-bearing wall according to an embodiment, which is formed by converting an existing structural surface, which is a non-bearing wall, into a load-bearing wall. Moreover, FIG. 2 is a perspective view which shows the state in which an example of the reinforcement hardware is attached to the connection. Furthermore, FIG. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the reinforcing metal fittings in normal use, and FIGS. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state which is.

The load-bearing wall 100 is a rectangular existing structural surface 10 formed by two left and right existing columns 1 and 2 and upper and lower existing horizontal members 3 and 4 in an existing building. A support pillar 20 is fixed to each of them via a fixing means 30, and reinforcing metal fittings 40 are attached at joints 5 which are four internal corners of the existing pillars 1 and 2 and the existing upper and lower horizontal members 3 and 4. It is composed of

The existing building is a wooden house, the existing columns 1 and 2 are formed by wooden columns, and the existing horizontal members 3 and 4 are formed by wooden beams. It is a building that requires renovation for more than 30 years. In addition, there is an opening A such as a sliding window on the inside of the existing structure surface 10, and it does not have a brace necessary for a load-bearing wall. Due to the presence of the significantly large opening A, the existing structural surface 10 is a non-bearing wall that cannot be regarded as a bearing wall. Note that the existing building may be a steel-framed building that requires renewal.

The existing structural surface 10 shown in the figure is the structural surface (vertical structural surface) of the first floor of the building. Therefore, the upper existing horizontal members 3 are the second floor beams, and the lower existing horizontal member 4 is the foundation of the first floor. (beam). When the existing structural surface 10 is the structural surface of the upper floor of the building, both the upper and lower existing horizontal beams 3 and 4 are floor beams.

For the left and right existing pillars 1 and 2, wooden support pillars 20 similar to the existing pillars 1 and 2 are arranged inside the existing structure surface 10, and a plurality of fixing means consisting of lag screws, screws, nails, etc. 30 are fixed to each other. In the load-bearing wall 100 of the illustrated example, reinforcing metal fittings 40 are attached to all the joints 5 at the four corners of the existing structural surface 10 which is rectangular in plan view.

At the connection 5, a reinforcing metal 40 is fixed to the support pillar 20 and the existing horizontal members 3 and 4 by a plurality of fixing means 50 such as lag screws, screws, and nails. Thus, the load-bearing wall 100 of the illustrated example has two support pillars 20 fixed to the existing pillars 1 and 2 inside the existing structural surface 10 which is a non-bearing wall, and four reinforcing metal fittings 40 are attached at the four corners. The load-bearing wall was achieved by renovation construction attached to the joint 5 of the building.

By attaching reinforcing metal fittings 40 to at least two joints 5 of the existing structural surface 10, which is rectangular in plan view, it is possible to make the existing structural surface 10 into a load-bearing wall. The reinforcing hardware 40 may be attached to all four joints 5 as shown in the figure, but may be attached to three joints 5 or two joints 5 .

As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the reinforcing hardware 40 has an L-shaped metal base plate 41 when viewed from the front and a plurality of short-width rectangular steel pipes 42 (three in the illustrated example). The base plate 41 has two mutually orthogonal metal pieces 41a formed by bending one metal piece. One surface of a rectangular steel pipe 42 located at an end portion is brought into contact with each metal piece 41a and joined to each other by welding.

The respective square steel pipes 42 are arranged so that the axes L1 passing through the hollow are parallel, and the respective diagonals are aligned on a common straight line L2, and the mutually abutting corners 42a of the adjacent square steel pipes 42 are welded. It is integrated by being joined with.

As shown in FIG. 2, the width dimension of the base plate 41 is approximately the same as the width dimension of the existing pillars 2, the support pillars 20, the existing horizontal members 4, and the like. The length dimension is the overall length dimension of the three square steel pipes 42 joined to each other, that is, the dimension longer than the projected dimension when the three square steel pipes 42 are attached to the joint 5 as a bracket. are doing. The width dimension of the square steel pipe 42 is set shorter than the width dimension of the base plate 41 , and the square steel pipe 42 is attached at the center position of the base plate 41 in the width direction. A plurality of through holes (not shown) are formed in the base plate 41, and fixing means 50 such as lag screws are inserted through the respective through holes. etc. is fixed.

Here, when a repetitive horizontal force in the left-right direction during an earthquake acts on the reinforcing metal fittings 40 shown in FIG. By making use of both the rigidity and tenacity of the material, it is possible to strongly reinforce the joint 5 in a form having deformability.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3(b), when the horizontal force H1 at the time of an earthquake acts in the right direction on the paper surface, the support post 20 deforms due to the deformation of the structural surface and tilts to the right. At that time, the base plate 41 follows the deformation of the structural surface without being damaged due to its own rigidity, and similarly deforms so as to incline to the right. Due to this deformation of the base plate 41, the center angle of the two metal pieces 41a becomes smaller than the normal 90 degrees, and the diagonal length of the three square steel pipes 42 joined together becomes shorter than the normal length t3. The length is t4.

However, since the square steel pipes 42 have a hollow structure and excellent deformability while having rigidity, each square steel pipe 42 is crushed in the diagonal direction so as to satisfy the short diagonal length t4. Transform into a rhombus.

In this way, when the horizontal force H1 during an earthquake acts and the reinforcing hardware 40 is deformed so as to be crushed inwardly, the rigidity of the base plate 41 and the plurality of square steel pipes 42 may cause damage to the reinforcing hardware 40. While being suppressed, the reinforcing hardware 40 can follow the deformation of the structural surface without detaching from the structural surface due to their deformation performance. Therefore, the joint 5 of the existing structural surface 10 is reinforced by the reinforcing hardware 40, and the load-bearing wall 100 is formed.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3(c), when the horizontal force H2 at the time of the earthquake acts in the left direction of the paper surface, the support post 20 is deformed due to the deformation of the structural surface, and this time tilts to the left. . At that time, the base plate 41 is deformed so as to follow the deformation of the structural surface and tilt to the left in the same manner without being damaged due to its own rigidity. Due to this deformation of the base plate 41, the center angle of the two metal pieces 41a becomes larger than the normal 90 degrees, and the diagonal length of the three square steel pipes 42 joined to each other becomes longer than the normal length t3. The length is t5.

However, since the square steel pipes 42 have rigidity and hollow structure and excellent deformability, each square steel pipe 42 is stretched in the diagonal direction so as to satisfy the long diagonal length t5. Transform into a rhombus.

In this way, even when the horizontal force H2 during an earthquake acts and the reinforcing metal fittings 40 are deformed so as to be stretched outward, the rigidity of the base plate 41 and the plurality of square steel pipes 42 prevents the reinforcing metal fittings 40 from being damaged. Due to their deformability while being restrained, the reinforcing hardware 40 can follow the deformation of the structural surface without detaching from the structural surface.

In this way, the reinforcing hardware 40 has a plurality of short square steel pipes 42 joined together, and a base plate 41 to which the square steel pipes 42 positioned at the ends are joined and directly attached to the joint 5. As a result, the connection 5 of the existing structural surface 10 is reinforced in a manner having deformation performance and rigidity, and the existing structural surface 10 is imparted with sufficient earthquake resistance performance. Although the reinforcing hardware 40 in the illustrated example has a base plate 41, the reinforcing hardware may be formed of only a plurality of mutually joined square steel pipes 42 without the base plate. In this embodiment, an insertion hole is formed in the side surface of the square steel pipe 42 positioned at the end, and the fixing means is fixed to the support post 20 or the like through the insertion hole, so that the square steel pipe 42 is attached to the support post 20 or the like. will be fixed directly to the

Returning to FIG. 1, according to the load-bearing wall 100, at least two of the four joints 5 of the existing structural surface 10, which is rectangular in front view, are reinforced with the support pillars 20 while the existing pillars 1 and 2 of the wooden building are reinforced. Reinforcing metal fittings 40 are attached to joints 5 at locations (four locations in the illustrated example), so that even if there is an opening A inside the existing structure surface 10, the existing structure surface 10 can be opened without blocking the opening A. can be used as a load-bearing wall.

If only the joint 5 of the existing structural surface 10 is reinforced with the reinforcing hardware 40, only the bearing strength of the joint 5 of the load-bearing wall is improved, so the existing columns 1 and 2 are more resistant to the horizontal force during an earthquake. The yield strength does not catch up with the yield strength of the joint 5, and therefore the aged existing columns 1 and 2 may be damaged before the yield strength of the reinforced joint 5 is fully exhibited. Therefore, when attempting to reinforce the joint 5 with the reinforcing hardware 40 to such an extent that the existing pillars 1 and 2 are not damaged, this time only weak joint reinforcement corresponding to the strength of the aged existing pillars 1 and 2 can be performed. . On the other hand, by forming the load-bearing wall 100 by both reinforcing the existing columns 1 and 2 with the support columns 20 and reinforcing the joint 5 of the existing structural surface 10 with the reinforcing hardware 40, A load-bearing wall with sufficient load-bearing value is obtained. By applying the load-bearing wall 100 of this aspect to an existing building, it is possible to improve the earthquake resistance of the building without reducing the opening A of the existing building. In addition, in the renewal construction, a building having the load-bearing wall 100 with the opening A can be constructed, so it is possible to construct a building with excellent earthquake resistance, a high degree of freedom, and excellent design.

If the opening A is not a double sliding window as in the illustrated example but is a sweeping window, the reinforcing metal fittings 40 at the left and right joints 5 on the lower side may interfere with the sweeping window. Therefore, in such a form, the load-bearing wall may have reinforcing metal fittings 40 attached only to the upper left and right joints 5 . In addition, even in a pilotis structure in which the width of the existing beam 3 is long and no face material or the like is attached between the left and right existing pillars 1 and 2, the left and right existing pillars 1 and 2 are reinforced by the support pillars 20. By reinforcing the left and right joints 5 with reinforcing metal fittings 40, it is possible to form a load-bearing wall of a pilotee type.

Next, referring to FIG. 4, another modification of the load-bearing wall 100 shown in FIG. 1 is shown. Here, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a list of load-bearing walls according to a plurality of embodiments, showing examples 1 to 12. FIG. In addition, Example 1 corresponds to the load-bearing wall 100 shown in FIG.

Examples 1 to 4 shown in the upper part show forms in which the support pillars are attached to the inner sides of the left and right existing pillars. As already described, Example 1 is a form in which reinforcing metal fittings are attached to the joints at the four corners. On the other hand, Example 2 is a form in which a reinforcing metal fitting is attached to the inner side of the upper joint, and a reinforcing metal fitting is attached to the outer side of the lower joint. Moreover, Example 3 is a form in which the reinforcement metal fittings are attached only to the inner side of the upper left and right joints. Further, in Example 4, a reinforcing metal fitting is attached to the inside of both the upper right joint and the lower left joint. In Examples 1 to 3, the span length t1 (beam span) between the left and right existing columns can be set to, for example, about 1 m to 4 m. Moreover, in Example 4, the span length t2 between the left and right existing columns can be set to, for example, less than 1 m (eg, 910 mm, 455 mm).

Next, in Examples 5 to 8 shown in the middle, different from Examples 1 to 4, support pillars are attached to the outside of the left and right existing pillars. are the same as in the first to fourth embodiments.

In addition, in Examples 9 to 12 shown in the lower part, different from Examples 1 to 8, support columns are attached to the outside of the existing column on the left side of the page and to the inside of the existing column on the right side of the page, respectively. , and the mounting form of the reinforcing hardware is the same as in the first to fourth embodiments. It should be noted that it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the support pillars are attached to the inside of the existing pillar on the left side of the page and the outside of the existing pillar on the right side of the page.

In this way, it is a load-bearing wall that satisfies both the reinforcement of the left and right existing pillars with support pillars and the reinforcement of at least two of the four joints on the existing structural surface with reinforcing metal fittings. has various forms as shown in FIG.

[Comparative Verification of Bearing Values of Bearing Walls of the Present Invention and Existing Bearing Walls]
The inventors of the present invention identified the load-bearing values of the load-bearing walls according to Examples 1 to 3 shown in FIG. In addition, in this verification, the strength value of the existing load-bearing wall is based on the Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association, “2012 Revised Seismic Diagnosis and Reinforcement Method for Wooden Houses Guideline and Commentary”, 2012.10, page 31. I am referring to Table 1 below shows the specifications and verification results of Examples and Comparative Examples. The yield strength of each example in Table 1 is the yield strength of a bearing wall with an interval of 1.82 (m) between the left and right existing columns. It is a yield strength value obtained by multiplying each wall reference yield strength value by 1.82 (m).

From Table 1, it can be seen that the bearing wall according to each comparative example formed by attaching braces and face materials to the existing structure surface and the bearing wall according to each example without braces and face materials. It has been demonstrated that there is no significant difference between That is, according to the load-bearing wall according to the example, it is possible to form a load-bearing wall having a sufficient load-bearing value while leaving the opening without closing the opening of the existing structural surface with braces or face materials.

Among the examples, the bearing wall according to Example 1, that is, the bearing wall in which the support pillars are fixed to the inside of the left and right existing pillars and the reinforcing metal fittings are attached to the inside of the joints at the four corners. has been demonstrated to be the highest.

It should be noted that other embodiments may be possible in which other components are combined with the above-described configurations, etc., and the present invention is not limited to the configurations shown here. . Regarding this point, it is possible to change without departing from the gist of the present invention, and it can be determined appropriately according to the application form.

1, 2: existing pillar, 3: existing horizontal member (existing beam), 4: existing horizontal member (existing foundation), 5: joint, 10: existing structure surface, 20: support pillar, 30: fixing means, 40: Reinforcement hardware, 41: Base plate, 42: Square steel pipe, 50: Fixing means, 100: Load-bearing wall, A: Opening, L1: Axis, L2: Common straight line

Claims (6)

In an existing building, on an existing structural surface that is rectangular in front view and formed by two existing left and right columns and an existing horizontal member, a support column is fixed to the existing column via a fixing means, and the existing column and the existing column. Of the four joints of the existing horizontal member, at least two joints are attached with reinforcing metal fittings via separate fixing means,
A load-bearing wall , wherein the fixing means and the separate fixing means are one of screws and nails. The existing horizontal members are either a first form consisting of an existing beam above the existing pillar and an existing foundation below the existing pillar, or a second form consisting of an existing beam above and below the existing pillar. A load-bearing wall according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a A first form in which the support pillars fixed to the left and right existing pillars are arranged inside the existing structure surface, a second form in which the support pillars are arranged outside the existing structure surface, and one of the A third form in which the support post is arranged outside the existing structure surface and the other support post is arranged inside the existing structure surface. 3. The load-bearing wall according to 1 or 2. A first form in which the reinforcing metal fittings are arranged at four locations inside the existing structure surface, upper, lower, left, and right, two locations inside the existing structure surface, upper, left, and right, and lower, left, and right outside the existing structure surface. The second form, which is arranged in four places in total, the third form, which is arranged in two places on the inside of the existing structure surface, the upper left and right inside the existing structure surface 4. The load-bearing wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the load-bearing wall has either one of the fourth forms arranged at one place and one of the lower left and right positions. The load-bearing wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has an opening inside said existing structural surface. In the reinforcing metal fitting, a plurality of square steel pipes are arranged in parallel with each other in the axial direction, and the corners that are in contact with each other are joined so that the diagonal lines of the cross sections of the square steel pipes are aligned,
6. The square steel pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the square steel pipe is directly or indirectly fixed to the existing pillar, the support pillar, and the existing horizontal member. bearing wall.

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