JP7317273B1 - Evacuation shelters for tsunami, etc. installed in solid building rooms such as condominiums, hotels, and buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

A tsunami caused by a Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake arrives in 1 to 5 minutes and reaches heights of 10m and 20m. There is no time to escape to an evacuation center. More than 320,000 people died, and it was the middle of the night in the dead of winter, when people were sleeping soundly in their homes. SOLUTION: Condominiums, hotels, and buildings are solid buildings, and when a wave force breaks through a glass window, the lateral force of the building is released and the building does not topple over. No buoyancy acts on the building. The room can be said to be the optimum evacuation place for the shortest time. Make the most of your walls. The shelter is a bag-shaped vertical cylinder with a ceiling height that has the volume of air necessary for survival. The cylinder is made of waterproof reinforced plastic, and if a small shelter with four corners protected by vertical frames is installed in the corner of the room, it will not fall over without the need for anchors, and can avoid direct hits from flotsam. Compact design is also possible. [Selection drawing] Fig. 9

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a small evacuation shelter for tsunami to be installed in a solid building room such as an apartment, a hotel, or a building.

A tsunami with a maximum height of 34.4m will arrive in 1 to 5 minutes at the shortest in the event of the Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake. The number of deaths is estimated to be 320,000, and the maximum damage occurs in the middle of the night and midnight in the middle of winter. When will 10m and 20m seawalls be built? It is far from the tsunami evacuation tower. They were supposed to escape anyway, but even a 0.3m tsunami swept them under their feet and there was nothing they could do. Even a small tsunami with a high probability of occurrence, 1.5m above the mouth of a person, can cause people to die because they cannot breathe. Can we do something about it? If a tsunami strikes at night in solid condominiums and hotels, it is effective to keep the evacuation shelter in the room as it is. During the daytime, indoor evacuation shelters are effective in offices with relatively small room allocations such as buildings. It is a small shelter for a small number of people installed on the wall. When I searched for "tsunami shelter" on the patent information platform of the Patent Office, there were two cases. Patent Document 1 provides an airtight shelter above or below the living space, but differs from the present invention in that it has air intake and exhaust devices. Patent document 2 is to install a tsunami shelter in a building, but it is to install an airtight shelter in a newly built building. different from shelters.

JP 2015-178769 real climb 3170840

Nakagawa Industrial Safety Materials Tsunami Resistant Design Guidelines for Breakwaters: Port and Harbor Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, 2013.9

In the upcoming Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake, a tsunami with a maximum height of 34.4m will arrive in as little as 1-5 minutes. The number of deaths is said to be 320,000, and the maximum damage occurs in the middle of the night in the middle of winter. In other words, there is no time to evacuate during that time, and naturally there is nothing you can do if you are asleep. Even if it takes 1 to 5 minutes, it takes 2 to 3 minutes for the shaking of the earthquake to subside. There is no time for hesitation. You have to make up your mind to evacuate while it is shaking. However, evacuating to the outside in a hurry is dangerous because even a 0.3-meter tsunami can trip over your feet and even kill you. A huge tsunami attracts attention, but even a low tsunami of only 1.5m, which has a higher probability of occurrence, is hopeless because people cannot breathe in the water. Can we do something about it? If air can be secured at a mouth height of 1.5m from the floor on each floor of the building, one problem will be solved first. Fortunately, solid buildings such as condominiums are strong enough to withstand the wave force of tsunamis and the collision of drifting objects, unlike ordinary houses that are shredded to pieces. You don't have to go outside even in the coldest of winters. The wave force is likely to topple the building, but instead the window glass is broken and the wave escapes. If the windows are broken, water will flood and the buoyancy will be eliminated, so the building will not float. In other words, it can be said that the solid building itself is strong against tsunamis, and the strength that has been protected should be fully utilized and utilized. In order for humans to survive, they must be able to avoid the impact of debris from a rushing tsunami and be able to hold air even in the water of a tsunami. In other words, it can be seen that an air bag that protects the body from impact and envelops the air in the water is sufficient. The formation body of the air bag is called a shelter. In the present invention, by installing a non-sealed small evacuation shelter for a small number of people along the wall of a room in a solid building, it is possible to instantly evacuate and solve the problem of being able to continue to survive underwater. Since it is possible to evacuate indoors, the inside of a room in the building becomes an instant evacuation site with the shortest distance. Reinforced concrete parts such as walls, floors, and ceilings of buildings are strong enough to withstand wave forces and incoming drifting objects. The rooms partitioned and guarded by these are also solid, and the walls are fully usable. Even if it becomes underwater, it will be saved if we can secure air. Therefore, evacuation shelters that secure air volume for survival should be placed in positions that avoid direct hits by drifting objects and are less affected by water currents. It is installed along the boundary wall with the neighboring house that parries in parallel. Evacuation shelter cylinders are made of reinforced plastics such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, and non-woven fabric, which are excellent in airtightness such as waterproofness and air barrier properties. Alternatively, it is effective to superimpose a steel material or plate material with a plastic bag, a plastic bag, or a rubber bag inside. In the water hit by the tsunami, buoyancy acts on the air-filled cylinder, so it seems difficult to maintain the shape of the cylinder. However, since it is thought that it will be swayed by the water flow, in this case a large mass of air will deviate from the hem. In addition, if the shelter is deformed by the buoyancy and the lateral force of the tsunami, it will easily topple over. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the rigidity of the shelter by placing steel materials at the four corners of the shelter to prevent it from overturning. Since it is a small shelter, the ceiling wall of the building can withstand penetration by buoyancy.Although it is a temporary load and it is considered that the entire surface of the ceiling wall within the area of the reinforcing bars receives the ultimate strength, the strength of the ceiling wall is It depends on the building, so it is necessary to confirm. Also, it is necessary to mitigate the impact of collision with drifting objects from the window. There is also a possibility that furniture such as a chest of drawers in the room will circulate and collide. Since the air in the water rises and escapes according to Archimedes' principle, the shelter has a shape that secures the amount of air to survive in the water of the tsunami. In order to secure as much air volume as possible, it is desirable to make use of the height from the floor to the ceiling, assuming that the volume of air enclosed by the quadrangular prisms is the same. Calculate the flat area by calculating back from the ceiling height. For example, if the required air volume and space volume are 1 m3/person/hour, the height to the ceiling is 2.4 m, which is the average height of a general building, and the entrance height at the bottom of the cylinder is 0.7 m, The effective height at which air accumulates in the water is 2.4−0.7=1.7m above the entrance apex height. The required flat area is 1/(2.4-0.7)=0.59m2. Infants can be kept in the same shelter, but two adults can be separated as they are double the volume.
Figure 1 shows shelters of each shape to be installed in a room. With respect to 0.59m2, if the upright cylinder is a square column a, one side is 0.77m≈0.8m, and if it is a half cylinder b, the radius is 0.62m. Placing it near the wall in the corner of the room is also effective in avoiding drifting objects. The quadrangular prism is left as it is, but if it is assumed to be a right-angled triangle c at the corners, one side is 1.09 m. Assuming a 1/4 corner cylinder d, the radius is 0.87 m. In addition, if a 1.0 m square pole e is formed along the wall, the protruding amount becomes 0.6 m, which is flat. Here, in order to reduce the buoyancy, if the plane is 1m*1m, the height will be 1m, and the height of the entrance/exit will be 1.4m. Assuming that the difference between the top height of the window and the height of the ceiling is 1 m, there is air in the room space and no buoyancy is applied to the shelter. In this way, it is also necessary to devise from the viewpoint of buoyancy. In other words, it is an option for earthquake-resistant condominiums with room for ceiling strength and dimensions.
2 shows a side view of the shelter, FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the top part, and FIG. If the air-filled vertical cylinder were to be damaged by a direct hit from drifting objects, the survival air would be lost and there would be nothing left. Furniture such as a chest of drawers in the room may circulate and collide. Since it is easy to be shaken by passing waves and wave pressure, for example, by protecting the four corners of a square column with vertical frame materials such as L-shaped steel and metal rack steel, it is possible to avoid direct collisions with drifting objects and furniture and wave pressure. It is possible to solve the problem of enduring fluctuation and deformation of 1/4 of the corners of the room are cylinders, and in the case of a right-angled triangular column, there are at least three vertical frame members including the corners. If the surface of the cylinder is covered with punching metal, it will be useful for protection from sharp drifting objects. Since shelters are at risk of overturning not only in the event of a mega-earthquake before a tsunami, but also in the force of subsequent tsunamis, it is desirable to fix the vertical frames to the walls, but this is not an easy procedure. Anchor positions should be avoided at wall rebar positions so as not to affect the structure of the building. When it comes to drilling a hole in the wall, apart from hotels and buildings owned by owners, in condominiums, walls are common areas according to management regulations, and it is troublesome and troublesome because the agreement of the management union and neighbors is required. There is also a method of adhering to the wall with adhesive, but it may be easier to obtain agreement because it does not make holes in the wall, but there is a problem of insufficient strength. Therefore, by devising a tipping prevention method without drilling a hole in the wall, that is, without providing an anchor as shown in FIG. The diagonal length of the vertical frame member provided on the cylinder is used. If the cylinder falls over, the horizontal floor and ceiling act as a fulcrum, and the diagonal length of the cylinder, which is longer than the height, catches on the ceiling and prevents it from rotating. The diagonal length is calculated from the height and horizontal width and is obtained from the Pythagorean theorem. That is, the diagonal length of the cylinder is √(2.4*2.4+0.8*0.8)=√6.4=2.53m, which is 13cm longer than the ceiling height of 2.4m. This means that in order to fall over, it is necessary to have a length longer than the diagonal length of the cylinder and a space with the ceiling. do not. In other words, since the diagonal length of the tilted cylinder is greater than the height of the vertical frame members of the cylinder and the height of the ceiling, there is no space for overturning. As a result, if the space between the vertical frame members up to the ceiling height and the ceiling is allowed to be about 5 cm, the cylinder will not fall over due to the rotational resistance due to the diagonal length greater than the ceiling height. Specifically, the tube is made rigid so as not to deform. It is effective to arrange horizontal members that connect the tops, middles, bottoms, etc. of the vertical frame members at the four corners of the cylinder. This makes it stiff and helps it retain its shape. Even if it skids a little, there is no need to worry about falling over. That is, there is no need for an anchor on the wall between neighboring houses, and in condominiums, individual installation is possible without coordination with the management association. The horizontal movement caused by fluctuations is also maintained at a height that is close to the close contact from the floor to the ceiling, so it can be said that there is almost no movement, although it shakes in small steps. A small amount of horizontal movement is permissible because it does not cause any particular problem with air retention.
Next, it is necessary to solve the problems of transporting the shelter indoors and setting it up. As shown in FIG. 6, the ceiling height differs depending on the condominium, so it is necessary to adjust the length of the vertical frame members. It would be nice to measure and manufacture exactly, but that is not the case when it comes to the sales site. Therefore, for example, if a vertically long hole of 0.2m is made at the lower end of a 2m vertical frame member at the factory, and a pedestal is used to lift it indoors and a short 0.6m member is added with bolts, The length is 0.2m and the height is 2.4m. If a short piece of 0.7m is added, it becomes 2.5m and can be adapted to changes in ceiling height. It is desirable if the length of the cylinder can be similarly adjusted. Only above the doorway height is required for air retention, but it is better to hang down to the floor from the collision protection of drifting objects. As with the vertical frame material, it is recommended to add fasteners, hooks, etc. at 2.0m. Moreover, you may attach a fastener to the doorway of a cylinder. If a vertical material of the same material is attached to the entrance, it will also prevent drifting objects from entering. However, since air still leaks from the fastener, the design effective height for retaining the air volume is the upper portion.
In addition, even with a vertically long cylinder, the space occupied in Japan is large, and there is a sense of resistance to it being an obstacle. We want to minimize the amount of protrusion of the 0.8m width from the wall as much as possible. We want to make it compact as shown in FIG. This will reduce discomfort. There are two ways. Consider whether it should be a horizontally long flat shape that lengthens the length along the wall, or whether it can be folded. If possible, the amount of protrusion is 0.8 m in FIG. 7a, 0.6 m in FIG. 7e, 0.5 m in FIG. 7h, 0.4 m in FIG. 7i, 0.3 m in FIG. Consider the possibility of 0.1 m. In addition, considering the relationship between buoyancy and the strength of the ceiling wall, we will consider making it wider. Fig. 7k, which is installed in a corner of a room, shows an example in which the plane width is 1m*1m, the entrance/exit height is 1.4m, and the effective air storage height is 1.0m above it. In the former method of flattening, the circumference of the abdomen of the person inside becomes a hindrance. The length along the line is 0.59/0.3≈2.0 m. It can be said that further flatness and thinness are difficult. Therefore, if the amount of protrusion from the wall surface is endured at 0.4m and 0.5m from the beginning, the length along the wall surface is 0.59m2/0.4≈1.5m in Fig. 7i and 0.59m2/ in Fig. 7h. 0.5≈1.2m, ie a rectangular cross-section of approximately 1.5*0.4m, or approximately 1.2*0.5m. The latter folding method is used to further reduce the amount of protrusion. As shown in FIGS. 7f, g and 8f, g, the amount of protrusion from the wall surface is 2*0.1=0.2m and 2*0.05=0.1m, which is smart. If the side part of the cylindrical material is folded in two from the corner of the vertical frame material, about 0.8/2 = 0.4m is folded inside the cylinder, and there is no gap between both ends, and it is sufficient if they can be shifted from each other. However, there is no room for the top plate member. Therefore, when folding from the member end of a 0.1 m vertical frame material, 0.8/2-0.1 = 0.3 m when folded in two, and 0.8/2 - 0.05 = when folding a 0.05 m vertical frame material. About 0.35m is folded inside the cylinder, creating a margin between both ends. In order to achieve the minimum projecting width of 0.1m, the width of the vertical frame material of the outer frame should be halved to 0.05m. However, when the amount of protrusion is 0.1 m, the diagonal length is √2.4*2.4+0.1*0.1=2.4005 cm, which is almost not long, and it falls over. Even if the amount of protrusion is 0.2m, it falls over at √2.4*2.4+0.2*0.2=2.4083cm. If the protruding amount is 0.3m, it is √2.4*2.4+0.2*0.2=2.4187cm. I can say. In order to make it compact and thin with a protrusion of 0.2m or 0.1m, holes must be made in the wall and fixed with anchor bolts with the approval of many residents. The amount of protrusion can be reduced by taking measures to prevent overturning, such as attaching small anchors to walls, floors, and ceilings, and tying or enclosing the shelter with strings or ropes, and the problem of making it compact can be solved. The tubular material of the vertical shelter is folded in two inside. Since the side surface is folded, the side surface of the cylindrical body serves as a folded portion of the plate surface, and the folded surface that is folded back 360 degrees inside the cylindrical body requires airtightness and flexibility for water impermeability. Furthermore, the top plate portion of the cylindrical body is extremely folded, so that easiness of folding, easiness of stretching folds, followability, etc. are required, and it is necessary to consider the possibility of using a different material. The gap between the top plate of the vertical tube and the ceiling of the building is close or small, so drifting objects cannot enter, but if the top plate is flexible and airtight, it is possible to use a relatively weak material. It is not particularly effective for retaining air at the bottom of the cylinder, and it can be omitted because there is no face material for the entrance and exit and the folding is not smooth. However, it is needless to say that the upper portion of the cylindrical body and the vertical main body portion must be closely and closely attached, because if the air is released like a buttonhole, the upper portion will become useless. Before the tsunami hits, the folding part must be quickly extended to the original 0.8 m so that people can already enter and evacuate. A handle or the like shown in FIG. 6 is required for the vertical frame member of the shelter on the far side from the wall for pulling out. It is desirable that the vertical frame member on the wall side is fixed to the wall, but even if it is adhered to the wall with an adhesive, there is an effect of receiving the reaction force. For ease of pulling, the handle is a string or belt that horizontally connects the two outer vertical frames on the side facing the wall, and is excellent in workability. It is conceivable to arrange pulleys and reels on the top and bottom of the vertical outer frame on the facing side so that they slide easily. At the time of folding, the horizontal members can be placed on the opposite side, but the horizontal members cannot be placed on the side, so it is important to attach the horizontal members to maintain the shape after expansion. Must-have. Of course it will be an afterthought. For example, a protruding bolt is provided on the surface of the vertical frame member on the wall side, and a horizontal member that is temporarily suspended vertically is provided. do. Alternatively, simply provide protruding bolts on the vertical frame members on both sides, climb on a stepladder prepared outside, and engage and bridge the prepared horizontal members with holes. The shelter does not need to be inflated, and can be expanded by pulling out the tubular material to a predetermined length, and a predetermined amount of air can be secured inside. On the other hand, if it is not compact and the protrusion from the wall can be endured, the cubic shape of 1m*1m*1m has a high entrance height of 1.4m, which makes it easy to evacuate. In this case, of course, a vertical frame member is also required.
When the height of the tsunami becomes 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m, the water level inside the cylinder rises accordingly. Compared to people on the 1st floor, people on the 2nd and 3rd floors will be less affected by the tsunami water pressure according to the floor height. Fig. 9 shows the change in the internal water level of the people on the first floor at that time. Since the air volume is compressed to 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 according to Boyle's law, the internal water level is 1.7*(1/2, 1/3, 1/4) from the top of the ceiling. 0.85m, 0.57m, 0.425m, and the height of the space for breathing is reduced. Because it is necessary to secure the height of the mouth for breathing, stepladders and assembled stepladders are useful inside the cylinder. Since the stepladder cannot be inserted into the tube when it is folded, there is a choice between inserting the folding stepladder in advance or inserting the product stepladder afterward. For safety, a stepladder with a height where the top of the head reaches the ceiling is good. The internal stepladder also helps prevent drifting objects from entering and collisions. The air trapped inside creates a buoyant force on the entire cylinder, which is received by the ceiling wall of the room. The buoyancy can be widely distributed by covering the vertex with a face material.
As shown in FIG. 10, if an airtight bag such as a plastic bag or a plastic bag of 0.8 m square and 2.4 m in length is incorporated in advance, double security can be obtained. The 2.4m-long plastic bag can be rolled up in a bellows-like manner to 0.7m above the top of the entrance at first, and it can be left as it is. can be secured 2.4/1.7=1.4 times, so it can be said that the degree of security increases. Also, as the water level rises, the body gets wet, and it is unbearably cold, especially in winter. Therefore, if you prepare a plastic bag sack from your feet to your shoulders, you can wrap yourself. It is also possible to separately expand the number of shelters where infants, children, or couples can evacuate at the same time. Furthermore, in the worst-case scenario where a hole opens in the shelter and the air escapes, if you prepare a plastic bag for garbage collection, you can get a rash on your head, so it will be the last bastion, the wise man's preparation, in case the air inside the shelter escapes.
In addition, although the amount of air in the narrow cylinder is limited, the air in the ceiling space of the room outside the cylinder is accumulated in the ceiling space with a large area that is convex upward even in the water of the tsunami. Even if the air layer pressure is 0.1 m, it is fresh and has a large capacity. Therefore, I think that it is possible to replenish air when the amount of fresh oxygen inside the cylinder decreases. Fortunately, in the ceiling space surrounded by vertical walls, as the water level rises horizontally, a closed space is created and the air remains without escaping. If the air inside the cylinder and the air in the ceiling space outside the cylinder bypass the entrance of the cylinder, that is, by folding the rubber hose tube in a U shape as shown in FIG. Fresh air outside the wide ceiling space can be sucked from the mouth. If the hose end on one side of the outside is at the ceiling height of the room, water will not come in even if the water level rises. Bend the tip horizontally to prevent dust from accumulating. Fold back at the lower entrance and exit to the inner side of the cylinder with an auxiliary rod. easy to absorb.
In addition to tsunami, the shelter of the present invention is also effective for large floods and large floods during river floods and torrential rains that have frequently occurred in recent years.

In order to solve such problems, the tsunami evacuation shelter for indoor installation in condominiums, hotels, buildings, etc. of the present invention is a small-sized standing shelter that can accommodate a small number of people and is installed in a solid building room such as condominiums, hotels, and buildings. A cylindrical evacuation shelter for tsunami, etc., which has a space inside the cylinder to secure the amount of air necessary for survival in the water for the number of people, and the cylinder material is glass fiber, carbon fiber, etc. with excellent airtightness and strength. It consists of reinforced plastic, non-woven fabric, steel plate, plate material, etc., and a plastic bag such as a plastic bag on the inside, and the cylindrical body has an opening at the bottom that serves as an entrance or exit, or a bellows type opening that can be rolled up to enter and exit. The upper part has a closed hollow bag-like structure, and as an outer frame, a vertical frame material whose height is approximately from the floor to the ceiling is provided at the corner part of the cylindrical body to maintain the shape, and the internal water level rises due to the tsunami. Stepladders, stepping stools, etc. are prepared in preparation for the invasion of drifting objects, and the shelters are installed along the walls and corners of the room.

In addition, the tsunami evacuation shelter installed indoors in condominiums, hotels, buildings, etc. of the present invention is provided with a face member or a horizontal member that connects the top and bottom portions of the vertical frame members at the corners of the cylindrical body. The diagonal length, which is the length of rotation between the vertical frame member and the surface member or horizontal member, is the length of the space between the floor and the ceiling, in order to maintain the cylindrical shape and reduce the impact of collision with drifting objects, even if the anchor cannot be removed from the wall. It is characterized in that it is designed to prevent overturning by utilizing the fact that it exceeds the height, that is, it can be caught on the ceiling wall of the room when it rotates.

In addition, the tsunami evacuation shelter for indoor installation in condominiums, hotels, buildings, etc. of the present invention is made compact by reducing the amount of protrusion from the wall surface of the shelter, and by increasing the extension of the tubular material along the wall surface and making it flat. In the folding method, the sides of the cylinder should be easy to fold, the top of the cylinder should be highly stretchable, and the horizontal between the vertical frames on the folding side should be After the folding part is expanded, the horizontal members are installed afterward by connecting the vertical members between the vertical members. In order to maintain the shape and mitigate the impact of collision with drifting objects, if the anchor cannot be removed from the wall, even if it is made compact, the amount of protrusion from the wall should be 0.3 m or more, and if the anchor can be removed. It is characterized in that the amount of protrusion can be made compact to 0.1 m.

In addition, in the evacuation shelter for tsunami, which is installed indoors in condominiums, hotels, buildings, etc., according to the present invention, an air bag is installed on the inner side of the cross section of the shelter, separated from the cylindrical body for further safety against air leakage. A thin bag with excellent airtightness and flexibility such as a plastic bag, plastic bag, rubber bag, etc. with a closed top is installed in a length extending from the top to the height of the top of the entrance or to the floor. .

In addition, in the evacuation shelter for tsunami, which is installed indoors in condominiums, hotels, buildings, etc. of the present invention, as a countermeasure against the inside air of the shelter becoming stale, one end is the ceiling of the room outside the cylindrical body, and the other side is One end is used as the inside of the bag and cylinder, folded back into a U shape at the lower end of the middle cylinder, further folded near the top of the bag and cylinder inside, and extended downward to reach the mouth. By arranging rubber hoses, tubes, etc., it is characterized by being able to suck fresh air from the ceiling of the room.

A life that had been given up by a huge tsunami can be easily saved. There is no one who does not use solid buildings. You can evacuate instantly without going outside. You can breathe air continuously underwater. A definite light has come into view. A tsunami, which is said to strike in as little as one to five minutes, does not have time to go outside and evacuate. It takes 2.5 minutes for the shaking of the earthquake to subside, leaving only about 2 minutes left. Fortunately, a solid building receives a direct hit from drifting objects on the outer wall, so the impact is relatively mitigated. Even if you are in a safe enclosure, if you are in an indoor shelter, you can evacuate in as little as two minutes. You can quickly evacuate even in the middle of the cold winter night. Even when you're bathing, drunk, or asleep. I am more than happy to be able to drink alcohol in peace. How happy it is to be able to sleep without anxiety every day.
In addition, the higher the floor of the apartment, the less the burden for the same tsunami height. more likely to be helped. There is no one who does not take advantage of this advantageous condition. If the roof is high, it's best to escape to the top, but it takes time, and the middle of the evacuation is the most dangerous. Unexpected tsunami height may hit, so if you are underwater, you can't breathe with your body. In the tsunami in Tonga in January 2022, even though life was at stake, even though warnings were issued, it was difficult for people to escape outside if it was cold in the middle of winter. It has been proven to give up on Elderly people are even more so. Here, the target is the inhabitants of the first floor with poor conditions. The higher the floor, the higher the probability of being saved, and the difference between the residents is unavoidable. The maximum height of the tsunami has a low probability, but even so, a minimum height of 1.5m from the mouth-height floor is required on each floor. The shelter of the present invention dramatically increases the chances that all residents will be saved. Considering that the probability of being saved is much higher than that of a person living in a general house, just a little more effort. Thinking about how to evacuate on a daily basis becomes a quick decision and action that can mean the difference between life and death. The present invention provides the most suitable solution for tsunami-vulnerable people and gives hope to live clearly.
In hotels and condominiums other than buildings with owners, the consent of the management association and neighbors is required when anchoring walls, since the walls are common areas. I want to avoid the trouble of suddenly holding a meeting and obtaining consent. Especially those setting up shelters for the first time want to avoid the hassle. Apart from that, there are also difficult walls such as building laws and earthquake resistance confirmation. Even though life is more important, there is a legal barrier. If there is a way to avoid drilling holes in the wall, it's best not to worry about it. The present invention eliminates the hassle of drilling holes. You don't have to check the position of the reinforcing bars on the wall, so you can install it yourself. After a while, if it becomes a hot topic and a certain number of residents want to set up a shelter, it is easy to get approval from the whole community. In other words, as a matter of fact, if it is possible to anchor the cooler to the wall, anchoring to the wall to the same extent is considered possible and allowed. If the number of supporters increases throughout the apartment building, residents who have already set up shelters will be able to set up anchors in shelters that have already been installed. The present invention will not topple over if the anchor fails, which can be annoying. Also, even if it saves lives, it is not desirable to protrude from the wall and be bulky due to the narrow housing situation. When it is foldable and compact, the peace of mind of a normal living space is maintained. When will the seawall be built? The tsunami evacuation tower is also far away. The shelter for condominiums, hotels, and buildings of the present invention, which does not require going outside in the middle of winter, will save lives, no matter how unexpectedly large the tsunami may be. It is necessary to be prepared for tsunamis as low as 1.5m, which are likely to occur more frequently, as well as tsunamis so high that it is difficult to breathe. It can be said that the monetary burden is also very cheap and excellent as a consideration for life. With this, part of the lives of 320,000 people, the lives of all those who wish to install the facility, and the lives that can easily be taken away will be saved. The sooner you set it up, the less anxiety about when it will be attacked, and the sooner you can live with peace of mind. I can sleep with my pillow raised. Even if it's only at night for half the 24 hours. It's good for you mentally and healthily. You only have one life.

Figure 1 is a bird's-eye view of indoor small shelters of various shapes Figure 2 is a side view of the shelter Figure 3 is a top plan view of the shelter Figure 4 is a cross-sectional plan view of the shelter Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram of fall prevention Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram of height adjustment, doorway structure, etc. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional plan view with various protrusion amounts Fig. 8 is a folded and compact cross-sectional plan view Figure 9 shows internal water level changes at tsunami heights of 10m, 20m, and 30m Figure 10 shows a double safety bag Fig. 11 shows triple safety air suction rubber hose

Common reference characters are used throughout the drawings and detailed description to refer to the same elements.

Fig. 1 shows an example layout of various shelters. The shape of the shelter depends on preference. It is basic to choose a position that avoids the influence of a tsunami rush. The inside of the outer wall with a glass window, the corner of the room where the walls intersect, and along the boundary wall with the neighboring house are desirable. Avoid partition walls and fusuma (sliding doors) facing the window glass, as they are weak and cannot withstand the intrusion of flotsam.

The required air volume and space volume of the vertical shelter is 1 m3/person/hour, the average height to the ceiling is 2.4 m, and the entrance height at the bottom of the cylinder is 0.7 m. The effective height at which air accumulates is 2.4 - 0.7 = 1.7 m in the upper part. The required flat area is 1/(2.4-0.7)=0.59m2. With respect to 0.59 m 2 , if the vertical cylinder is a square column, one side is 0.77 m≈0.8 m, and if it is a cylinder, the diameter is 0.87 m. Placing it near the wall in the corner of the room is effective in avoiding drifting objects. Assuming a corner-mounted quarter cylinder of a quarter circle of a circle, the radius is 0.87 m. One side is 1.09m if it is assumed to be a right-angled triangle with corners. The base portion of the cylindrical body is a portion that is unnecessary for retaining air because the shape can be maintained by the face member and the horizontal member without providing a cylindrical member. However, if it is provided, it is excellent in shape retention and is firm when drifting objects collide with the cylindrical material. If the air-filled vertical cylinder were to be damaged by a direct hit from drifting objects, the survival air would be lost and there would be nothing left. It is easily shaken by passing waves and wave pressure. For example, by protecting the four corners of a square column with vertical frame materials of L-shaped steel and rack steel, it can withstand direct collisions of drifting objects and fluctuations of wave pressure. At least 3 vertical frame members are required for a 1/4 corner column and a right-angled triangular column. If the surface of the cylinder is covered with punching metal, it will be useful for protection from sharp drifting objects.

For the tsunami heights of 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m, the amount of air inside the cylinder is compressed to 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 of the air height of 1.7 m. That is, the water surface in the shelter is reduced to distances of 0.85m, 0.57m and 0.43m from the vertex. Conversely, the water level rises to 1.55m, 1.83m, and 1.97m from the floor, making it difficult for short people to breathe. Of course, you have to be able to breathe at this time, so if your head is at the top, a woman with a height of 1.5m should use a 0.9m stepladder with three steps, and an elderly person with a height of 1.4m should use a stepladder with 1.0m with four steps. Prepare a stepladder inside the cylinder. In other words, you need a stepladder or step stool that matches your height. In this case, it is easy to lose balance, so it is better to prepare a stick of about 1.5 m as a support bar so that you do not have to lean on the cylinder. It can also be used as the auxiliary rod of the seventh embodiment. This stepladder can be said to be an essential condition because it can prevent drifting objects from entering the interior. The air trapped inside creates a buoyant force on the entire cylinder, which can be received by the entire ceiling wall of a room with a load-bearing capacity. The buoyancy can be dispersed by covering the vertex with a face material.

It is desirable to fix the vertical frame members to the wall because there is a possibility of overturning in a huge earthquake before the tsunami. However, when it comes to drilling a hole in the wall, it is troublesome with the agreement of the management union and the agreement of the neighbors. In addition, it is necessary to avoid the position of the reinforcing bar on the wall, and it is necessary to request a professional company to drive the anchor, which is an extra expense. Therefore, a fall prevention method that does not require an anchor is considered. The length of the diagonal line formed by the vertical frame members and horizontal members of the cylinder is used. If the cylinder falls over, it will rotate with the floor as a fulcrum. Its stroke length is the diagonal length and it rotates. With the horizontal floor and ceiling, the floor acts as a fulcrum, and the diagonal length of the cylinder, which is longer than the height of the ceiling, hits the ceiling and prevents it from rotating. The diagonal length can be obtained from the Pythagorean theorem, which consists of height and width. That is, the diagonal length of the cylinder is √(2.4*2.4+0.8*0.8)=√6.4=2.53m, which is 13cm longer than the ceiling height of 2.4m. This means that in order to topple over, a length longer than the diagonal length of the cylinder and a space with the ceiling are required. The cylinder is difficult to rotate, and does not rotate. That is, since the diagonal length of the inclined cylinder is larger than the height of the ceiling, which is the height of the vertical frame member of the cylinder, there is no physical space where the cylinder falls over. As a result, if the vertical frame material up to the ceiling height, the margin to the ceiling, and the gap are allowed to be about 5 cm, the cylinder will not fall over due to the rotational resistance due to the diagonal length greater than the ceiling height. In order to prevent the cylinder from overturning between the ceiling and the ceiling, it is important to maintain a rigid shape that resists rotation together. Specifically, providing a top plate of a face member at the vertex of the vertical frame member helps to retain the shape. Alternatively, by providing a horizontal member, the horizontal force is taken and the shape of the cylinder is maintained. Furthermore, by arranging horizontal members or diagonal members such as braces or braces that connect the middle and lower portions of the vertical frame members at the four corners of the cylinder respectively, it becomes rigid and effective in maintaining the shape. The vertical frame member and the lower part of the cylindrical body become the bottom part, and if it becomes a face member, it helps to retain the shape, but it can be said that it has nothing to do with the air retention amount. The lateral force of the tsunami causes some skidding, but there is no need to worry about tipping over. That is, there is no need for an anchor on the wall between neighboring houses, and in condominiums, individual installation is possible without coordination with the management association. The horizontal movement caused by the fluctuation is also a horizontal movement while maintaining the height close to the close contact from the floor to the ceiling, so the function as a shelter is maintained.

You need to think about building, transporting and installing shelters. If a square column of 0.8 m is used, even if it is possible to manufacture and transport it in a vertical cylindrical shape, it will have the opposite effect of preventing overturning, and if the width of the square column is large, the height to the ceiling will be blocked. Rarely, it is impossible to stand up from the sideways state at the time of carrying in the room with the resistance of the diagonal length. In order to solve this problem, the width is reduced to about 0.1 m at the minimum for folding, or the cylindrical material is shortened relative to the length to the ceiling, the vertical frame material is also shortened, and the extension member that can extend the length It is necessary to devise such as providing a joint device. The vertical frame members are arranged at the four corners outside the corners of the tubular member. In this case, metal rack steel and L-shaped steel are desirable. Mitigate direct hit collisions with flotsam. If the vertical cylinder is a square pole, the basics are four corners. However, it is preferable to extend the tubular material to the floor below the height of 0.7 m at the entrance, because although it is not necessary for air retention, it is likely to be hit by drifting objects. And if the doorway can be zipped, the doorway can be covered, making it safer against flotsam. If the outer surface of the vertical tube is covered with perforated metal, it will be particularly protected against sharp drifting objects. In the example of adding a vertical member, if you want to add 2.4m at a point of 2.0m from the ceiling, make two holes in both vertical frame members and join the additional member, or make a long hole and slide it. There are methods such as overlapping and tightening. The tubular material may also be cut once at a height of 0.7m above the entrance and exit, and the total 2.4m may be left open to the floor to create a blank entrance. , It is desirable to replenish the tubular material with hooks. Alternatively, 4 sides may be cut and added with fasteners and hooks at the 0.7m position, and fasteners and hooks may be added vertically on both sides of one side of the doorway.

If the amount of protrusion from the wall is 0.5 m, the length along the wall will be 1.2 m. If the amount of protrusion is 0.4 m, the length along the wall will be 1.5 m. At this time, the size of the waist of a person inside is 0.3*3.14=0.94m, and it can be said that up to this level is the limit when the shape is flat. There is also a limit to the sense of blockage. Trapezoidal shape is also possible if devised. However, in a narrow house, the 0.8m protruding width seems to occupy a lot of space and is a hindrance. Therefore, if possible, the shelter can be foldable to alleviate the feeling of pressure in the space. In other words, we aim to reduce the thickness by half to 0.4m, and furthermore to reduce the thickness of the housing and the thickness of the protrusion to 0.1m to 0.3m. 7 and 8 show compact examples. One way is to increase the width along the wall to reduce the amount of protrusion. If the width along the wall is 1.0m, the protrusion is 0.59m2/1.0m≒0.6m, if it is 1.25m, the protrusion is 0.59m2/1.25m≒0.5m. Calculating backwards, it becomes 0.59m2/1.5m≒0.4m, which somehow fits in the protrusion of a person's stomach. If you want to reduce the amount of protrusion a little more and make it compact, another method is to fold it, which can aim for further reduction. In this case, assuming that the basic width is 0.8m from the beginning, if one side of the L-shaped steel is 0.1m and the protruding amount is reduced to 0.2m together with the opposite side, the length to be folded inward is ( 0.8−0.1*2)/2=0.3m. Fold the crown material of the vertex into the space of 0.8-0.3*2=0.2m. In order to fold it, the top member of the cylinder is required to be flexible, and at the same time, it is required to have an adhesiveness that prevents air from leaking from the joint with the side surface of the cylinder. Furthermore, if the protruding length of the shelter from 0.8m is reduced to 0.1m, the vertical members installed at the corners of the cylinder will be L-shaped steel with a side of 0.05m, and the thickness of the shelter will be doubled to 0.1m. A folded cylindrical material is stored inside. Assuming that the anchor can be removed from the wall, it must be pulled out from 0.1m to 0.8m from the wall after the earthquake and before the tsunami hits. Since a considerable pulling force is required, a handle is provided in the intermediate portion of the longitudinal member on the facing side. A belt-shaped handle is also good. It is desirable to fold in two on the folding side. A face member for the bottom portion of the cylindrical member is not particularly required. Stretchability is required for the ceiling portion of the cylindrical member because the interval becomes narrower as it is folded. The stepladder does not fit inside the pre-folded box, so be sure to have it ready outside. Since it is folded, horizontal members cannot be installed at the beginning, but when it is expanded, horizontal members will be bridged. Don't forget to insert the stepladder. For outside work, you can get on the stepladder and reach out to connect the horizontal members at the top. A bolt head is provided on the side of the vertical member on the wall side, one end of the horizontal member is fitted to the head of the bolt and hung along the vertical member, and a bolt head is also provided on the vertical member on the opposite side. The hole of the horizontal member is turned and pushed in. Alternatively, vertical frame members on both sides are provided with projections, and horizontal members with holes at both ends are attached. If a horizontal member is bridged also in the middle part and the bottom part, it contributes further to shape retention. These tasks must be completed before the tsunami hits, so it is necessary to practice many times and become proficient in installing them quickly.

If a horizontal fastener is used at the 0.7m position of the top of the entrance and a vertical fastener is used below both sides, it will prevent collision with drifting objects. Alternatively, a bellows-type flexible material with no seams of 0.7m or less is folded and lifted at the 0.7m position. Therefore, the retained air volume is 2.4/1.7=1.4 times the volume, and the air volume has a margin. In addition, in preparation for the possibility of holes in the cylinder due to drifting objects, insert and install a plastic bag, a plastic bag, a thin rubber bag, or a formed body with the top closed inside the cylinder, keeping a distance from the cylinder. . The effective height of the cylindrical body for retaining air is 1.7 m, but if you extend it seamlessly and stretch a plastic bag, a plastic bag, or a rubber bag, the amount of air will increase corresponding to the total volume, and it will be doubled. It can be said that it is safe. However, the maximum is up to 1.4 times. Don't be too greedy. It must be understood that an increase in air retention means an increase in air volume, and a corresponding buoyancy force is applied in proportion to it. In a cubic shape of 1m*1m*1m, the height of the doorway is 1.4m, so if the doorway is completely enclosed, the buoyancy is large. Conversely, if it is left unenclosed, drifting objects may collide, so it is necessary to devise fasteners, hooks, etc. Of course you need a stepladder. However, when the tsunami height increases, the internal air volume is compressed and decreases, so the buoyancy decreases accordingly. The higher the number of apartments, the less the impact. It would be nice if all the buoyancy could be received by the ceiling wall, but depending on the case, there are buildings that cannot be expected to have much strength. Therefore, the countermeasure menu for the insufficient strength of the ceiling wall is listed. 1. Reinforce the ceiling wall. 2. Thicken the roof of the shelter. 3. Expand the area of the top plate. 4. A bolt is driven into the vertical wall to share the shear force. In this case, of course, the cylindrical body must not be perforated. Strike from the face of the corner L-shaped steel. 5. When using an adhesive to take the reaction force, peel off the paint film from the wall and use the L-shaped steel as the inner side of the corner to increase the bonding area between the cylinder and the wall. 6. Anchors are placed on the floor, and the buoyancy is resisted by sharing the pulling force directly on the horizontal member or via the rope on the vertical frame member. In this case, the surface of the vertical frame material and the cylinder must be adhered with an adhesive. 7. Check the buoyancy in a water tank experiment. 8. We will confirm the possibility that buoyancy decreases due to air masses coming out from the bottom of the cylinder due to tsunami fluctuations through water tank experiments and water flow experiments. 9. Ceiling wall bearing strength is evaluated by design load bearing capacity and final load bearing capacity at which a load of once in 100 years causes destruction. 10. A combination thereof, and the like are conceivable. Choose the solution and the most suitable countermeasure according to the situation.

The internal flooding is higher than expected, and even if the tsunami continues for a long time, it will be difficult to breathe. As an idea here, since a large amount of fresh air remains in the ceiling of the room outside the shelter, it is safer to install a U-shaped rubber hose inside the cylinder that folds back inside the cylinder and sucks it from the inside of the cylinder. is. The minimum extension is 0.1+2.4+2.4+0.5=5.4m. One end of the hose can be bent horizontally around the height of the ceiling outside the cylinder and stretched for about 0.1 m to prevent dust from accumulating. Then, it is lowered along the vertical frame member, folded back at the bottom of the cylinder, raised to the top of the cylinder, and then folded back and extended by 0.5 m or more so as to reach the mouth. The rising rubber hose will not drip if it is tied to a rod of about 2.4m prepared inside. The outside of the cylindrical body can be bound to the outer frame material at any place.
In addition, in the event that the cylindrical material of the vertical cylinder is punctured by a sharp drifting object, and the bag inside is also torn and the air is released, prepare a garbage collection bag inside and use it from your head in case of emergency. If you put it on, you can secure a minimum amount of air. Furthermore, it can be said that it is a well-prepared idea to prepare an oxygen cylinder.

1 vertical cylinder shelter, cylinder 2 vertical frame material, L-shaped steel 3 horizontal material 4 surface material, top plate 5 doorway 6 fastener 7 vertical frame material height adjustment long hole 8 bolt, adjustment bolt, protruding bolt,
9 folds 10 stepladder, step 11 handle 12 plastic bag, plastic bag 13 bellows type plastic bag 14 rubber hose Boundary wall 23 Room wall 24 Room ceiling 25 Room floor 26 Room corner 27 Internal water level when tsunami height is 10m 30 folding part 31 folding part 32 hose end 33 rising auxiliary bar

Claims (3)

It is a small vertical tube-shaped tsunami evacuation shelter installed in a solid building room such as an apartment, hotel, building, etc., and a space that secures the amount of air necessary for survival in the water for the number of people inside the cylinder. The cylinder is made of reinforced plastic such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, etc., which has excellent airtightness and strength, non-woven fabric, steel plate, and plate material. The cylinder has an opening at the bottom that serves as an entrance and exit, and the top has a closed, hollow bag-like structure. A frame is provided to maintain the standing position, sway from water currents, and protect against collision with drifting objects. A tsunami evacuation shelter installed in a solid building room such as an apartment, a hotel, a building, etc. By connecting the apexes of the vertical frame members at the corners of the cylindrical body with a face member or a horizontal member, and further connecting the bottom portions of the vertical frame members with a face member or a horizontal member, the shape of the vertical frame can be maintained. The diagonal length, which is the length of rotation between the vertical frame member and the surface member or horizontal member, is the height of the space between the floor and the ceiling. 2. Tsunami installed in a solid building room such as an apartment, hotel, building, etc. Evacuation shelter. The shelter is of a foldable type, and the folding part on the side of the cylinder is excellent in ease of folding, and the bag-like top part of the cylinder is made of a material with excellent elasticity unlike the side. The horizontal members that connect the vertices and bottoms of the vertical frame members at the body corners maintain the shape and diagonal length, and cannot be folded as they are, so they are added after expansion. A horizontal member is provided on the top of the projecting bolt to temporarily hang it down and place it vertically. Alternatively, simply install protruding bolts on the vertical frame members on both sides, climb on the stepladder prepared outside, and connect by fitting and bridging the prepared horizontal members with holes, and in normal times, the vertical side of the cylinder is connected to the cylinder. It is folded inward, and after an earthquake, the folded surface is opened horizontally and expanded to secure the air volume necessary for survival inside the cylinder. When it is not a type, the thing prepared outside the cylinder is inserted into the cylinder after the cylinder is expanded, and in normal times, the cylinder is folded to reduce the amount of protrusion from the wall surface. An indoor tsunami evacuation shelter installed in a solid building room such as an apartment, hotel, or building according to any of the above.