JP7313413B2 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7313413B2 JP7313413B2 JP2021179155A JP2021179155A JP7313413B2 JP 7313413 B2 JP7313413 B2 JP 7313413B2 JP 2021179155 A JP2021179155 A JP 2021179155A JP 2021179155 A JP2021179155 A JP 2021179155A JP 7313413 B2 JP7313413 B2 JP 7313413B2
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- Prior art keywords
- heat spreader
- temperature detection
- semiconductor
- heat
- detection element
- Prior art date
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 152
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
図1は実施の形態1に係る半導体装置101を用いたインバータの主回路100の回路構成を示す図、図2はU相である半導体装置101a、101bの構成の概略を示す平面図、図3は図2のA-A断面位置で切断した半導体装置101a、101bの概略を示す断面図、図4は半導体装置101aの温度検出素子2Uの概略を示す断面図、図5は半導体装置101aの要部を示す平面図である。図2は封止部材12を取り除いて示した図で、破線は封止部材12の外形である。半導体装置101は、半導体素子1のスイッチング動作にて電力を変換する装置である。
インバータの主回路100は、図1の左側においてバッテリーに接続され、図1の右側において負荷である駆動モータに接続される。インバータの主回路100は、バッテリーの直流電力を交流電力に変換して出力する。インバータの主回路100は、6個の半導体装置101を有する。インバータの主回路100は、U相、V相、W相の3つの相から構成される。U相は半導体装置101a、101b、V相は半導体装置101c、101d、W相は半導体装置101e、101fを備える。各相は、上アームと下アームで構成される。半導体装置101a、101c、101eは上アーム、半導体装置101b、101d、101fは下アームである。半導体装置101は、それぞれが温度検出素子2(図1では図示せず)を有している。
各相の半導体装置101は同じ構造であるため、U相を代表にして、図2、図3を用いて半導体装置101の構成を説明する。図2、図3では、構成を把握しやすくするために、半導体素子1と温度検出素子2の電極を省略している。半導体装置101a、101bは、板状に形成されたヒートスプレッダ8U、8Lと、ヒートスプレッダ8U、8Lの一方の面に接続された複数の半導体素子1と、単数または複数の温度検出素子2とを備える。本実施の形態では、半導体装置101a、101bは、それぞれ2つの半導体素子1U、1Lを有し、それぞれ1つの温度検出素子2U、2Lを有している。半導体素子1と温度検出素子2の数はこれに限るものではなく、3つの半導体素子1と2つの温度検出素子2を備えても構わない。温度検出素子2U、2Lは、ヒートスプレッダ8U、8Lの一方の面、または半導体素子1U、1Lの内部に設けられる。本実施の形態では、温度検出素子2U、2Lは、ヒートスプレッダ8U、8Lの一方の面に設けられる。温度検出素子2U、2Lは、それぞれ2つの電極(図示せず)を有し、外部に接続される。
半導体装置101の各構成要素について説明する。上アームと下アームの構成は同様であるので、半導体装置101aで説明する。2つの半導体素子1Uは、並列に接続される。半導体素子1Uは、ダイボンド材6により、ヒートスプレッダ8Uに接続される。半導体素子1Uは、例えば、MOSFET(金属酸化膜型電界効果トランジスタ、Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)であり、MOSFETはゲート、ドレイン、ソースの3種類の電極を有する。ダイボンド材6によりヒートスプレッダ8Uと接続されたMOSFETの電極は、ドレイン電極である。第1リードフレーム3Uと接続されたMOSFETの電極は、ソース電極である。ダイボンド材6は、はんだ、またはAgシンターである。半導体素子1Uは、シリコン(Si)、またはシリコンカーバイド(SiC)、ガリウムナイトライド(GaN)、酸化ガリウム(GaO)、ダイヤモンドなどのワイドギャップ半導体からなる半導体基板に形成される。なお、半導体素子1は、IGBT(絶縁ゲート型バイポーラトランジスタ、Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)であっても構わない。半導体素子1がIGBTの場合、IGBTはゲート、コレクタ、エミッタの3種類の電極を有する。コレクタはMOSFETのドレイン、エミッタはMOSFETのソースに相当する。
本願の要部である温度検出素子2Uの配置領域について、図5を用いて説明する。温度検出素子2Uの配置領域について説明するが、温度検出素子2Lについても同様である。図5は、半導体装置101aにおける2つの半導体素子1U、1つの温度検出素子2U、及びヒートスプレッダ8Uを示した平面図で、半導体素子1Uと温度検出素子2Uの電極を省略している。隣接した2つの半導体素子1Uのそれぞれの中心を結ぶ線分をXとする。隣接した2つの半導体素子1Uの一方の中心を通り、Xに直交し、ヒートスプレッダ8Uの一方の面に平行な直線をY1とする。隣接した2つの半導体素子1Uの他方の中心を通り、Xに直交し、ヒートスプレッダ8Uの一方の面に平行な直線をY2とする。ヒートスプレッダ8Uの一方の面に垂直な方向に見て、Y1とY2とに挟まれた配置領域に、温度検出素子2Uの少なくとも一部が配置されている。図5において、破線で囲まれた領域が配置領域である。温度検出素子2Uの数は、半導体素子1Uの数よりも少ない。
実施の形態2に係る半導体装置101aについて説明する。図6は実施の形態2に係る半導体装置101aの構成の概略を示す平面図で、封止部材12を取り除いて示した図である。図6に示した破線は、封止部材12の外形である。実施の形態2に係る半導体装置101aは、ヒートスプレッダ8Uに切欠き8U1を設けた構成になっている。
実施の形態3に係る半導体装置101について説明する。図7は実施の形態3に係る半導体装置101a、101bの構成の概略を示す平面図、図8は図7のB-B断面位置で切断した半導体装置101a、101bの概略を示す断面図である。図7は封止部材12を取り除いて示した図で、破線は封止部材12の外形である。実施の形態3に係る半導体装置101は、主回路配線である第1リードフレーム31U、31Lと第2リードフレーム41Lの構成、及び封止部材12の構成が、実施の形態1とは異なる構成になっている。
実施の形態4に係る半導体装置101aについて説明する。図9は実施の形態4に係る半導体装置101aの要部を示す平面図で、半導体装置101aにおける2つの半導体素子1U、1つの温度検出素子2U、及びヒートスプレッダ8Uを示した平面図である。図9では半導体素子1Uと温度検出素子2Uの電極を省略している。実施の形態4に係る半導体装置101aは、温度検出素子2Uが半導体素子1Uの内部に設けられた構成になっている。
実施の形態5に係る半導体装置101について説明する。図10は実施の形態5に係る半導体装置101の構成の概略を示す側面図である。図10では封止部材12を取り除き、各リードフレームを省略している。実施の形態5に係る半導体装置101は、温度検出素子2Uが設けられず、温度検出素子2Lのみを設けた構成になっている。半導体素子1の配置は、実施の形態1で示した図2と同様である。
従って、例示されていない無数の変形例が、本願明細書に開示される技術の範囲内において想定される。例えば、少なくとも1つの構成要素を変形する場合、追加する場合または省略する場合、さらには、少なくとも1つの構成要素を抽出し、他の実施の形態の構成要素と組み合わせる場合が含まれるものとする。
Claims (6)
- 板状に形成されたヒートスプレッダと、
前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に接続された複数の半導体素子と、
単数または複数の温度検出素子と、を備え、
前記温度検出素子は、前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に設けられ、
隣接した2つの前記半導体素子のそれぞれの中心を結ぶ線分をXとし、隣接した2つの前記半導体素子の一方の中心を通り、前記Xに直交し、前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に平行な直線をY1とし、隣接した2つの前記半導体素子の他方の中心を通り、前記Xに直交し、前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に平行な直線をY2とし、
前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に垂直な方向に見て、前記Y1と前記Y2とに挟まれた配置領域に、前記温度検出素子の少なくとも一部が配置され、
前記温度検出素子は、素子本体部と、前記素子本体部に対して前記ヒートスプレッダの側とは反対側に設けられた2つの電極と、前記ヒートスプレッダの側とは反対側の2つの前記電極の部分を露出させた状態で、前記素子本体部を封止する封止材と、を有し、
前記素子本体部は、少なくとも前記封止材を介して、前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に熱的に接続され、
複数の前記半導体素子の前記ヒートスプレッダの側とは反対側の面に電気的に接続された第1リードフレームと、
前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に電気的に接続された第2リードフレームと、
前記ヒートスプレッダと離間した状態で、前記ヒートスプレッダから離れる方向に延出した端子であって、第一導電体を介して前記温度検出素子の一方の前記電極と電気的に接続された第3リードフレームと、
前記ヒートスプレッダの他方の面と絶縁シートを介して熱的に接続された金属板と、をさらに備え、
前記温度検出素子の他方の前記電極は、第二導電体を介して前記第1リードフレームと電気的に接続され、
前記第1リードフレームの前記半導体素子と接続された部分とは反対側の部分と、前記第2リードフレームの前記ヒートスプレッダと接続された部分とは反対側の部分と、前記第3リードフレームの前記第一導電体と接続された部分とは反対側の部分と、前記金属板の前記絶縁シートと接続された面とは反対側の面と、を露出させて、前記ヒートスプレッダ、複数の前記半導体素子、前記温度検出素子、前記第1リードフレーム、前記第2リードフレーム、前記第3リードフレーム、前記絶縁シート、及び前記金属板が、封止部材により封止されている半導体装置。 - 前記温度検出素子の数は、前記半導体素子の数よりも少ない請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 冷却器をさらに備え、
前記ヒートスプレッダと、前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に接続された複数の前記半導体素子との組が、2組設けられ、
前記冷却器は、各組の前記ヒートスプレッダの他方の面に熱的に接続され、第1組の前記ヒートスプレッダの側から第2組の前記ヒートスプレッダの側に向かって冷媒が流れる流路を有し、
前記温度検出素子は、少なくとも、第2組の前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面、または第2組の前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に接続された前記半導体素子の内部に設けられている請求項1または2に記載の半導体装置。 - 板状に形成されたヒートスプレッダと、
前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に接続された複数の半導体素子と、
単数または複数の温度検出素子と、
冷却器と、を備え、
前記温度検出素子は、前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面、または前記半導体素子の内部に設けられ、
隣接した2つの前記半導体素子のそれぞれの中心を結ぶ線分をXとし、隣接した2つの前記半導体素子の一方の中心を通り、前記Xに直交し、前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に平行な直線をY1とし、隣接した2つの前記半導体素子の他方の中心を通り、前記Xに直交し、前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に平行な直線をY2とし、
前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に垂直な方向に見て、前記Y1と前記Y2とに挟まれた配置領域に、前記温度検出素子の少なくとも一部が配置され、
前記ヒートスプレッダと、前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に接続された複数の前記半導体素子との組が、2組設けられ、
前記冷却器は、各組の前記ヒートスプレッダの他方の面に熱的に接続され、第1組の前記ヒートスプレッダの側から第2組の前記ヒートスプレッダの側に向かって冷媒が流れる流路を有し、
前記温度検出素子は、少なくとも、第2組の前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面、または第2組の前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に接続された前記半導体素子の内部に設けられ、
前記温度検出素子は、第1組の前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面、及び第1組の前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に接続された前記半導体素子の内部に設けられていない半導体装置。 - 第2組の前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面、または第2組の前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に接続された前記半導体素子の内部に設けられた前記温度検出素子は、前記配置領域における前記Xよりも冷媒の下流側の領域に配置されている請求項4に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ヒートスプレッダの外周部には、切欠きが設けられ、
前記ヒートスプレッダの一方の面に垂直な方向に見て、
前記第3リードフレームの前記ヒートスプレッダの側の部分が、前記切欠きにより切り欠いている領域と重複し、
隣接した2つの前記半導体素子は、前記切欠きを挟んだ両側の領域に分かれて配置され、
前記温度検出素子は、前記切欠きに隣接して配置されている請求項1または2に記載の半導体装置。
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