JP7286796B2 - マイクロrna適合shrna(shrnamir)を含む遺伝子改変免疫細胞 - Google Patents
マイクロrna適合shrna(shrnamir)を含む遺伝子改変免疫細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、EFS-Webを介してASCII形式で提出された配列表を含み、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。2020年4月3日に作成されたASCIIコピーは、PBIO-037WO_Seq_List_4-20と名付けられ、サイズが58,911バイトである。
1.1 参照および定義
本明細書で言及される特許および科学文献は、当業者に利用可能な知識を確立する。本明細書に引用される発行された米国特許、許可された出願、公開された外国出願、およびGenBankデータベース配列を含む参考文献は、それぞれが参照により組み込まれることが具体的かつ個別に示されているのと同程度に、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、一部には、マイクロRNA適合shRNA(shRNAmiR)分子が、内因性タンパク質の発現の安定した低下を有する遺伝子改変免疫細胞を作製するために使用することができるという発見に基づく。本明細書では、shRNAmiRをコードする核酸配列をT細胞のゲノムに挿入することにより、例えば、ベータ-2ミクログロブリン(B2M)、CS1、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ受容体II(TGFBR2)、Cbl癌原遺伝子B(CBL-B)、デオキシシチジンキナーゼ(DCK)、グルココルチコイド(GR)、および分化抗原群52(CD52)の安定かつ効果的なノックダウンを含む、一連の内因性タンパク質の安定なノックダウンが提供されることが実証される。内因性タンパク質のノックダウンは、いくつかの例では、遺伝子不活性化によるノックアウトと比較して有利であり得る特性を付与し得る。例えば、shRNAmiRによるB2Mノックダウンは、B2Mの完全なノックアウトを示すCAR T細胞よりも同種異系でなく、ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞による殺滅を受けにくいCAR T細胞を産生する。さらに、免疫細胞のゲノムへのshRNAmiR分子の組み込みは、shRNA分子をコードするカセットの挿入により観察される安定性および毒性の問題を解決することが実証されている。
RNA干渉(RNAi)またはRNAサイレンシングは、遺伝子発現がマイクロRNAなどの非コードRNAによって負に調節されるプロセスを指す。負の調節は、以下の3つの可能な機序のうちの1つまたは複数により生じ得る:(1)標的mRNAの翻訳を抑制することによる、(2)転写産物の脱アデニル化および不安定化による、および(3)mRNAの切断および分解による。RNAiは、通常、二本鎖RNA(dsRNA)または内因性マイクロRNA前駆体(pri-miRNA/pre-miRNA)によって誘発される。
本発明は、遺伝子改変免疫細胞およびその集団、ならびにそれらを作製するための方法を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、本開示の組成物および方法の遺伝子改変免疫細胞はヒト免疫細胞である。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫細胞はT細胞、またはそれに由来する細胞である。他の実施形態では、免疫細胞はナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞またはそれに由来する細胞である。さらに他の実施形態では、免疫細胞は、B細胞、またはそれに由来する細胞である。さらに他の実施形態では、免疫細胞は、単球もしくはマクロファージ細胞、またはそれに由来する細胞である。
本開示の組成物および方法の遺伝子改変免疫細胞は、任意の内因性タンパク質の発現を低下させるshRNAmiRを含み、発現することができる。shRNAmiRを用いて発現を低下させることができる内因性タンパク質の非限定的な例には、ベータ-2ミクログロブリン(B2M)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ受容体2(TGFBR2)、Cblがん原遺伝子B(CBL-B)、CS1、CD52、デオキシシチジンキナーゼ(DCK)、グルココルチコイド受容体(GR)、T細胞受容体アルファ遺伝子、およびT細胞受容体アルファ定常領域遺伝子が含まれる。
いくつかの実施形態では、shRNAmiR分子の発現の結果として発現レベルが低下する内因性タンパク質は、B2Mである。B2Mは主要組織適合遺伝子複合体(MHC)クラスI分子の成分であり、B2Mが存在しなければこの分子は細胞表面に構築されない。MHCクラスI分子は、B2Mに加えて、α1、α2、およびα3タンパク質から構成される。MHCクラスI分子内で、B2Mタンパク質は、α3タンパク質の横に位置し、細胞表面のα1タンパク質の下に位置する。B2Mは膜貫通領域を欠き、MHCクラスI分子のペプチド結合溝の安定性に必要である。
いくつかの実施形態では、shRNAmiR分子の発現の結果として発現レベルが低下する内因性タンパク質は、CS1(CCND3サブセット1、CRACC、CD319、およびSLAMF7としても知られている)である。CS1は、シグナル伝達リンパ球活性化分子(SLAM)関連受容体ファミリーのメンバーであり、正常なNK細胞、B細胞、T細胞、樹状細胞、NK-T細胞、および単球の表面上に発現される。CS1は、多発性骨髄腫細胞によって過剰発現され、多発性骨髄腫の免疫療法標的として機能する。
いくつかの実施形態では、shRNAmiR分子の発現の結果として発現レベルが低下する内因性タンパク質は、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ受容体2(TGFBR2)である。TGFBR2は、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ(TGFB)に結合する膜貫通受容体である。TGFBR2は、セリン/トレオニンタンパク質キナーゼドメインを含み、他のTGFB受容体とヘテロ二量体化する。
いくつかの実施形態では、shRNAmiR分子の発現の結果として発現レベルが低下する内因性タンパク質は、Cblがん原遺伝子B(CBL-B)である。CBL-Bは、ユビキチンのタンパク質への結合を触媒し、したがって分解のためにタンパク質を標的化するE3ユビキチンリガーゼである。
いくつかの実施形態では、shRNAmiR分子の発現の結果として発現レベルが低下する内因性タンパク質は、CAmPATH-1抗原としても知られているCD52(分化抗原群52)である。CD52は、成熟リンパ球の表面ならびに単球および樹状細胞上に存在する糖タンパク質である。可溶性CD52分子は、シアル酸結合免疫グロブリン様レクチン10(Siglec10)と相互作用して、T細胞の増殖および活性化を阻害する(Zhao et al.(2017)Inflamm Res 66(7):571-578)。
いくつかの実施形態では、shRNAmiR分子の発現の結果として発現レベルが低下する内因性タンパク質は、デオキシシチジンキナーゼ(DCK)である。DCKは、主にデオキシシチジンをリン酸化し、デオキシシチジン一リン酸に変換する。
いくつかの実施形態では、shRNAmiR分子の発現の結果として発現レベルが低下する内因性タンパク質は、グルココルチコイド受容体(GR)である。コルチゾールまたはデキサメタゾンなどのグルココルチコイドの結合は、細胞におけるトランス活性化またはトランス抑制につながり得る、ヒートショックタンパク質などのタンパク質の放出を誘導する可能性がある。
本発明は、shRNAmiRをコードする核酸配列を含む鋳型核酸を細胞に導入し、それによって鋳型核酸がゲノムに挿入され、発現されることによって、免疫細胞において内因性タンパク質の発現を低下させる方法を提供する。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明は、本発明の遺伝子改変免疫細胞、または本発明の遺伝子改変免疫細胞の集団と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む医薬組成物を提供する。このような医薬組成物は、公知の技術に従って調製することができる。例えば、Remington,The Science and Practice of Pharmacy(21st ed.2005)を参照されたい。本発明による医薬製剤の製造では、細胞を典型的には薬学的に許容される担体と混合し、得られた組成物を対象に投与する。担体は、当然のことながら、製剤中の任意の他の成分と適合性であるという意味で許容されなければならず、対象に有害であってはならない。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の医薬組成物は、対象の疾患の治療に有用な1つまたは複数の追加の薬剤をさらに含むことができる。さらなる実施形態では、本発明の医薬組成物は、遺伝子改変T細胞のインビボ細胞増殖および生着を促進するサイトカイン(例えば、IL-2、IL-7、IL-15および/またはIL-21)などの生物学的分子をさらに含むことができる。本発明の遺伝子改変免疫細胞を含む医薬組成物は、追加の薬剤または生物学的分子と同じ組成物中で投与することができ、あるいは別個の組成物で同時投与することができる。
本明細書に開示の別の態様は、有効量の本開示の遺伝子改変免疫細胞またはその集団の、それを必要とする対象への投与である。特定の実施形態では、本明細書に記載の医薬組成物は、それを必要とする対象に投与される。例えば、有効量の細胞集団を、疾患を有する対象に投与することができる。特定の実施形態では、疾患はがんであり得、本発明の遺伝子改変免疫細胞の投与は免疫療法を表す。投与された細胞は、レシピエントにおける標的細胞の増殖を低下させ、数を減少させ、または殺滅することができる。抗体療法とは異なり、本開示の遺伝子改変免疫細胞は、インビボで複製および増殖することができ、疾患の持続的制御につながり得る長期持続性をもたらす。
shRNAカセットを抗CD19 CAR T細胞のゲノムに挿入した場合の、ベータ-2ミクログロブリンの一過性ノックダウン
ベータ-2ミクログロブリンshRNAmiRの設計、構築および特性評価
さらなるB2M shRNAmiR構築物の設計および特性評価
shRNAmiR B2M CAR T細胞の同種異系性およびナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞殺滅に対する感受性
shRNAmiRによるB2Mのノックダウンを有するCAR T細胞のインビボ有効性およびB2Mノックダウンの安定性
CAR T細胞におけるCS1の安定なノックダウン
CAR T細胞におけるトランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ受容体2(TGFBR2)の安定なノックダウン
CAR T細胞におけるTGFBR2のノックダウン対ノックアウトの比較
CAR T細胞におけるTGFBR2のノックダウン対ノックアウトの比較
CAR T細胞におけるCD52の安定なノックダウン
CAR T細胞におけるshRNAmiRによるタンパク質の多重ノックダウン
CAR、HLA-EおよびshRNAmiRをコードする構築物の単一ゲノム遺伝子座への標的挿入
CAR/HLA-E/B2M shRNAmiR構築物の評価
セクション3.2の実験-アロ反応性T細胞に対する保護のインビトロ評価
B2M shRNAmiR/HLA-E CAR T細胞のインビボ活性
CAR/shRNAmiR構築物の非ウイルスDNAトランスフェクションによるDCK shRNAmiRのスクリーニング
CAR T細胞の表現型および抗腫瘍活性に対する、shRNAmiRによるDCKノックダウンの効果
CAR/shRNAmiR構築物の非ウイルスDNAトランスフェクションによるグルココルチコイド受容体shRNAmiRのスクリーニング
Claims (3)
- そのゲノム内に、5’から3’に:
(a)プロモータ;
(b)キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)をコードする核酸配列;
(c)2A配列;
(d)HLAクラスI組織適合抗原、アルファ鎖E(HLA-E)融合タンパク質をコードする核酸配列であって、前記HLA-E融合タンパク質が配列番号66のアミノ酸配列を含み、およびイントロン配列が前記HLA-E融合タンパク質をコードする前記核酸配列内に配置され、前記イントロン配列が配列番号69の核酸配列を含み、およびマイクロRNA適合shRNA(shRNAmiR)をコードする核酸配列が前記イントロン配列内に配置され、前記shRNAmiRをコードする前記核酸配列が配列番号46の配列を含み;並びに
(e)終結シグナル
を含み、
前記CARをコードする前記核酸配列、前記HLA-E融合タンパク質をコードする前記核酸配列、および前記shRNAmiRをコードする前記核酸配列が、前記プロモータに作動可能に連結されているカセットを含み、且つ、
前記カセットが、T細胞受容体(TCR)アルファ定常領域遺伝子内に配置される、遺伝子改変ヒトT細胞。 - 前記カセットが、TCRアルファ定常領域遺伝子内の配列番号58からなる配列内に配置される、請求項1に記載の遺伝子改変ヒトT細胞。
- 前記カセットが、配列番号58内のヌクレオチド位置13と14との間に配置される、請求項2に記載の遺伝子改変ヒトT細胞。
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