JP7281532B2 - Turning tool and manufacturing method of machined product - Google Patents

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-039354 filed on March 5, 2019, and the entire disclosure of this earlier application is incorporated herein for reference.

The present disclosure relates generally to cutting tools and methods of making cut workpieces used in turning work materials. Cutting tools used for turning include, for example, an outer diameter machining tool, an inner diameter machining tool, a grooving tool, and a cut-off tool.

As a cutting tool used when cutting a work material such as metal, for example, JP-A-10-263917 (Patent Document 1), JP-A-2006-035390 (Patent Document 2) and International Publication No. 2018/ A cutting tool described in 198929 (Patent Document 3) is known. In any of the cutting tools disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, the cutting insert is fixed to the holder using a plurality of screws.

Generally, in turning, it is easier for the cutting edge to continuously contact the work material than in milling. Therefore, there is a risk that the insert will rotate about the fixing screw inserted into the through hole of the insert. For these reasons, there is a demand for a turning tool that suppresses the rotation of the insert while ensuring the strength of the insert.

A turning tool according to one non-limiting aspect of the present disclosure has a holder, a cutting insert, a first thread and a second thread. The holder has a rod shape extending along the central axis from the first end to the second end, and has a pocket, a first screw hole and a second screw hole. The pocket has a seating surface located on the side of the first end. The first screw hole opens on the seat surface. The second screw hole is positioned closer to the second end than the first screw hole. A cutting insert is located in the pocket and has a first side, a second side, a third side, a cutting edge, a through hole and a recess. The second surface is located on the opposite side of the first surface and contacts the seat surface. The third surface is located between the first surface and the second surface. A cutting edge is located at the intersection of the first and third surfaces. The through-hole opens on the first surface and the second surface. The recess is spaced from the second surface and open at the first and third surfaces. The first screw is inserted into the through hole and screwed into the first screw hole. The second screw contacts the recess and is screwed into the second screw hole.

1 is a perspective view of a turning tool according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 2 is a plan view of the turning tool shown in FIG. 1 as seen from the side of the first end; FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the turning tool shown in FIG. 2 viewed from the A1 direction; FIG. 3 is a plan view of the turning tool shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from direction A2; 2 is an enlarged view of a region B1 shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a region B2 shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the VII section of the turning tool shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cutting insert in the turning tool shown in FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the cutting insert shown in FIG. 8 as seen from the first surface side; FIG. 10 is a plan view of the cutting insert shown in FIG. 9 as seen from the A3 direction; FIG. 10 is a plan view of the cutting insert shown in FIG. 9 as seen from the A4 direction; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a holder in the turning tool shown in FIG. 1; 13 is an enlarged view of a region B3 shown in FIG. 12; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a step in a method for manufacturing a machined workpiece according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a step in a method for manufacturing a machined workpiece according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a step in a method for manufacturing a machined workpiece according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG.

<Turning tool>
Hereinafter, turning tools 1 according to a plurality of non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, in each drawing referred to below, for convenience of explanation, only main members necessary for explaining each embodiment are shown in a simplified manner. Accordingly, the turning tool 1 may comprise optional components not shown in the referenced figures. Also, the dimensions of the members in each drawing do not faithfully represent the actual dimensions of the constituent members, the dimensional ratios of the respective members, and the like.

The turning tool 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1-7 has a holder 3 , a cutting insert 5 , a first thread 7 and a second thread 9 . The turning tool 1 can be used for outer diameter machining, for example.

<Holder>
The holder 3 may have a rod shape extending along the central axis from the first end 3a (lower left end in FIG. 1) to the second end 3b (upper right end in FIG. 1). Hereinafter, the central axis of the holder 3 may be the first central axis O1. Generally, the first end 3a is called the leading end and the second end 3b is called the trailing end. Moreover, the holder 3 may have a pocket 11 , a first screw hole 13 and a second screw hole 15 .

The pocket 11 is a portion to which the cutting insert 5 is attached, and may be positioned on the first end 3a side of the holder 3 . As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 1, the pocket 11 may be positioned to include the first end 3a of the holder 3. As shown in FIG. Accordingly, the pocket 11 may be open at the first end 3a.

The pocket 11 may have a bearing surface 17 and a restraining side surface 19 as surfaces against which the cutting insert 5 abuts. The constrained side surface 19 may be slanted with respect to the seat surface 17 . Therefore, it is possible to distinguish between the bearing surface 17 and the restraining side surface 19 in the pocket 11 . The seat surface 17 may extend parallel to the first central axis O1. Moreover, the restraining side surface 19 may be inclined with respect to the first central axis O1.

The first screw hole 13 and the second screw hole 15 may be surfaces to which screws for fixing the cutting insert 5 to the holder 3 are attached. A first screw 7 and a second screw 9 may be mentioned as screws for fixing the cutting insert 5 to the holder 3 .

The first screw hole 13 may open at the pocket 11 . For example, the first screw hole 13 may open at the seat surface 17 as shown in FIG. Also, the second screw hole 15 may be located closer to the second end 3b than the first screw hole 13 is. The second screw hole 15 may open in the pocket 11 similarly to the first screw hole 13 or may be located away from the pocket 11 . The second screw hole 15 may open in the pocket 11, as a non-limiting example shown in FIG.

As a member constituting the holder 3, for example, steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy, or the like can be used. The size of the holder 3 may be appropriately set according to the size of the work material. The length of the holder 3 in the direction along the central axis can be set to, for example, approximately 50 mm or more and 200 mm or less. Also, the width in the direction orthogonal to the central axis can be set to, for example, approximately 5 mm or more and 30 mm or less.

<Cutting insert>
A cutting insert 5 is located in the pocket 11 and may have a first surface 21 , a second surface 23 , a third surface 25 , a cutting edge 27 , a through hole 29 and a recess 31 . The cutting insert 5 will be simply referred to as the insert 5 hereinafter. The insert 5 is not limited to a specific shape, but may have, for example, a polygonal plate shape. As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8, the insert 5 may be square plate shaped.

As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8, the first surface 21 may be polygonal. Specifically, as in a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 9, the first surface 21 may have a square shape when viewed from the front. Therefore, the first surface 21 may have four corners and four sides. One of the four corners is a first corner 21a, and two sides of the four sides extending from the first corner 21a are a first side 21b and a second side 21c. Note that the first surface 21 is not limited to a quadrangle. For example, the first surface 21 may be triangular, pentagonal, or hexagonal. The first surface 21 may be referred to as an upper surface.

The second surface 23 is a surface located on the opposite side of the first surface 21 and may come into contact with the seat surface 17 . The second surface 23 may have the same shape as the first surface 21 or may have a different shape from the first surface 21 . As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8, the second surface 23, like the first surface 21, may be polygonal. Specifically, as in one non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8, the second surface 23 may be square. The second surface 23 may be referred to as the lower surface.

A third surface 25 may be located between the first surface 21 and the second surface 23 . The third surface 25 may be connected to the first surface 21 or may be separated from the first surface 21 . Also, the third surface 25 may be connected to the second surface 23 or may be separated from the second surface 23 . As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8, the third surface 25 may be connected to the first surface 21 and the second surface 23 . The third surface 25 is sometimes called a side surface.

Since the first surface 21 and the second surface 23 in the non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8 are each square shaped, the third surface 25 in the non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8 has four flat surface areas. may Two adjacent surface areas of these surface areas may be connected to each other, and a curved surface area may be located between them.

The insert 5 in a non-limiting embodiment may have a cutting edge 27 . The cutting edge 27 can be used to cut the work material. The insert 5 may have a first cutting edge 27 a located at the intersection of the first surface 21 and the third surface 25 as the cutting edge 27 . When the insert 5 has a first cutting edge 27a, the first surface 21 can function as a rake surface and the third surface 25 can function as a flank.

The first cutting edge 27a does not need to be positioned at the entire intersection of the first surface 21 and the third surface 25, and there is no problem even if it is positioned at only a part of the intersection of the first surface 21 and the third surface 25. . As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8, the first cutting edge 27a may be positioned to include at least the first corner 21a, a portion of the first side 21b, and a portion of the second side 21c. good. In a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 6, the portion of the first cutting edge 27a located on the first side 21b may be the main cutting edge. Here, the major cutting edge may mean a portion mainly used for cutting.

Moreover, the insert 5 may have a second cutting edge positioned at the intersection of the second surface 23 and the third surface 25 as the cutting edge 27 . The second cutting edge does not need to be positioned on the entire ridgeline where the second surface 23 and the third surface 25 intersect. do not have.

At least part of the first cutting edge 27a may be positioned further from the second end 3b of the holder 3 than the first end 3a of the holder 3 when the insert 5 is attached to the holder 3 . That is, at least a portion of the first cutting edge 27a may protrude most toward the tip side. When the insert 5 is attached to the holder 3 as described above, the first cutting edge 27a can be used for cutting. As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 5, the insert 5 may be attached to the holder 3 so that the first corner 21a protrudes most distally.

The through holes 29 may be opened on the first surface 21 and the second surface 23 . The through hole 29 may be a portion to which a fixing member for fixing the insert 5 to the holder 3 is attached. As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 5, a first screw 7 may be inserted as a fixing member.

As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8, the through hole 29 may have a tapered section near the opening in the first surface 21 . In other words, the through hole 29 may have a portion on the first surface 21 side where the inner diameter increases as the distance from the second surface 23 toward the first surface 21 increases. The insert 5 may be fixed to the holder 3 by bringing the first screw head 7a, which is the head of the first screw 7, into contact with this portion.

The positions where the through-holes 29 are opened on the first surface 21 and the second surface 23 are not particularly limited. As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8, the through holes 29 may open at the center of the first surface 21 and the center of the second surface 23 . In this case, the central axis of the insert 5 indicated by an imaginary straight line passing through the center of the first surface 21 and the center of the second surface 23 may coincide with the central axis of the through hole 29 . Hereinafter, the central axis of the insert 5 is defined as a second central axis O2, and the central axis of the through hole 29 is defined as a third central axis.

The insert 5 in non-limiting embodiments may have one or more recesses 31 . The recess 31 may be located away from the second surface 23 and open at the first surface 21 and the third surface 25 . As will be described later, the second screw head 9a, which is the head of the second screw 9, can come into contact with the concave portion 31. As shown in FIG. As a non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8, the insert 5 may have multiple recesses 31 . In one non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8, recesses 31 may be located on each of the four sides of first surface 21 . That is, the insert 5 in one non-limiting example shown in FIG. 8 may have four recesses 31 .

The size of the insert 5 is not particularly limited. For example, the length of one side of the polygonal first surface 21 can be set to about 10 to 25 mm. Also, the height from the first surface 21 to the second surface 23, in other words, the height in the direction along the second central axis O2 can be set to about 2 to 5 mm.

The size of the concave portion 31 is not particularly limited. For example, when the first surface 21 is viewed from the front, the width H1 in the direction along the side of the first surface 21 can be set to approximately 3 to 8 mm. Further, the width H2 (the depth of the concave portion 31) in the direction perpendicular to the sides of the first surface 21 when viewed from the front can be set to about 1 to 3 mm. Further, the width H3 (the depth of the recess 31) in the direction perpendicular to the side of the first surface 21 when the third surface 25 is viewed from the front can be set to approximately 0.5 to 1 mm.

Examples of materials for the insert 5 include cemented carbide and cermet. Cemented carbide compositions may include, for example, WC-Co, WC-TiC-Co and WC-TiC-TaC-Co. WC—Co may be produced by adding cobalt (Co) powder to tungsten carbide (WC) and sintering. WC--TiC--Co may be WC--Co added with titanium carbide (TiC). WC--TiC--TaC--Co may be obtained by adding tantalum carbide (TaC) to WC--TiC--Co.

The cermet may be a sintered composite material in which a ceramic component is combined with a metal. Specifically, as the cermet, one having a titanium compound such as titanium carbide (TiC) or titanium nitride (TiN) as a main component can be mentioned.

The surfaces of the above members that make up the insert 5 may be coated with a coating using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods. The composition of the coating may include titanium carbide (TiC), titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride ( _TiCN ), or alumina ( _Al2O3 ).

<First screw/Second screw>
The first screw 7 may be inserted into the through hole 29 and screwed into the first screw hole 13 . Also, the second screw 9 may be screwed into the second screw hole 15 while abutting on the recess 31 . As described above, the first screw 7 and the second screw 9 may be members for fixing the insert 5 to the holder 3 respectively.

Here, the first screw 7 may function as the main member for fixing the insert 5 to the holder 3 . Also, the second screw 9 may function as a member that prevents the insert 5 from rotating with the first screw 7 as a reference.

Since the recess 31 is open on the third surface 25 and the second screw 9 contacts this recess 31, the rotation of the insert 5 with respect to the first screw 7 is easily suppressed by the second screw 9. . Further, since the recess 31 is also open on the first surface 21 , the second screw 9 can be easily attached, and the second screw 9 can be stably brought into contact with the recess 31 .

Additionally, the recess 31 in a non-limiting embodiment may be located away from the second surface 23 . That is, compared to the case where the recess 31 reaches the second surface 23, the cutout amount of the recess 31 in the insert 5 can be suppressed. Therefore, deterioration in durability caused by providing the notch in the insert 5 can be suppressed. Therefore, the strength of the insert 5 can be ensured while suppressing the rotation of the insert 5 .

At this time, the depth of the recess 31 in the direction along the central axis of the insert 5 may be half or less of the height of the insert 5 in the direction along the central axis of the insert 5 . In this case, it is easy to ensure the thickness of the insert 5 at the portion where the recess 31 is located. The durability of the insert 5 is high while the second screw 9 is stably brought into contact with the concave portion 31 .

The area of the insert 5 with which the second screw 9 abuts is not a hole such as the through hole 29 but a recess 31 . The notch amount of the insert 5 due to the concave portion 31 is smaller than that of the through hole 29 . Therefore, the durability of the insert 5 is high. For example, steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy, or the like can be used as the members that constitute the first screw 7 and the second screw 9 .

Since the through hole 29 opens on the first surface 21 and the second surface 23 , the central axis of the first screw 7 may be inclined with respect to the cutting edge 27 . For example, the central axis of the first screw 7 may be substantially perpendicular to the cutting edge 27 . On the other hand, the principal force, which is the largest force applied to the cutting edge 27 during cutting, tends to be applied mainly in the direction orthogonal to the cutting edge 27 . Therefore, the principal force, which is the largest force applied to the cutting edge 27 during cutting, is less likely to be directly transmitted to the first screw 7, and the durability of the first screw 7 is high.

At this time, the central axis of the second screw 9 may also be perpendicular to the cutting edge 27 . In this case, the main force is less likely to be directly transmitted to the second screw 9, and the durability of the second screw 9 is high.

The central axis of the second screw 9 may be inclined with respect to the central axis of the first screw 7 or parallel to the central axis of the first screw 7 . When the central axis of the second screw 9 is parallel to the central axis of the first screw 7, the rotation of the insert 5 is more likely to be suppressed. The insert 5 is easy to rotate with respect to the first screw 7, but since the second screw 9 is orthogonal to this direction of rotation, the second screw 9 stably receives the movement of the insert 5 to rotate. This is because

The second screw 9 may abut the recess 31 of the insert 5 while leaving the third surface 25 . In this case, the third surface 25 that can be used as a flank is less likely to be damaged. Moreover, while the second screw head 9 a abuts against the recess 31 , the thread groove of the second screw 9 is less likely to come into contact with the insert 5 . Therefore, the thread groove of the second screw 9 is less likely to be damaged.

As mentioned above, the pocket 11 of the holder 3 may have constraining sides 19 . Also, the third surface 25 of the insert 5 may abut against the constraining side surface 19 . At this time, the insert 5 may be sandwiched between the constraining side 19 and the second screw 9 as in a non-limiting example shown in FIG. When the insert 5 is sandwiched between the constraining side surface 19 and the second screw 9 in this manner, the positional deviation of the insert 5 is less likely to occur.

Furthermore, when the constraining side surface 19 is inclined with respect to the central axis, the constraining side surface 19 is likely to receive the thrust force, which is one of the forces applied to the cutting edge 27 during cutting. Therefore, the load on the first screw 7 and the second screw 9 due to the thrust force is likely to be reduced. Therefore, durability of the first screw 7 and the second screw 9 is high. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the thrust force is likely to be received by the constrained side surface 19 when the constrained side surface 19 is inclined away from the first central axis O1 toward the first end 3a.

The first screw 7 and the second screw 9 may have different sizes or the same size. If the first screw 7 and the second screw 9 have the same size, for example, there is no problem even if the first screw 7 and the second screw 9 are installed in reverse. Therefore, manufacturing of the turning tool 1 or replacement of the insert 5 is facilitated. Moreover, since the first screw 7 and the second screw 9 can be shared, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

<Manufacturing method for cutting products>
Next, a non-limiting embodiment of a method for manufacturing a machined product will be described with reference to the drawings.

The workpiece 103 is produced by cutting the workpiece 101 . 13 to 15 illustrate outer diameter machining as cutting. A method of manufacturing the machined workpiece 103 in a non-limiting embodiment may comprise the following steps. i.e.
(1) a step of rotating the work material 101;
(2) contacting the rotating work piece 101 with the turning tool 1 represented by the above non-limiting embodiment;
(3) separating the turning tool 1 from the workpiece 101;
may be provided.

More specifically, first, as shown in FIG. 14, the work material 101 may be rotated around the axis D in the D1 direction. Alternatively, the turning tool 1 may be brought relatively closer to the work piece 101 by moving the turning tool 1 in the D2 direction. Next, as shown in FIG. 15 , the first cutting edge of the turning tool 1 may be brought into contact with the work material 101 to cut the work material 101 .

At this time, the outer diameter machining can be performed by cutting the work material 101 while moving the turning tool 1 in the D3 direction. Then, as shown in FIG. 16, the turning tool 1 may be moved relatively away from the work piece 101 by moving the turning tool 1 in the D4 direction.

In FIG. 14, the turning tool 1 may be approached while the shaft D is fixed and the work material 101 is rotated. In FIG. 15, the work material 101 may be cut by bringing the first cutting edge of the insert into contact with the rotating work material 101 . Further, in FIG. 16, the turning tool 1 may be moved away while the work material 101 is being rotated.

In addition, in the cutting in the manufacturing method of the non-limiting embodiment, the turning tool 1 may be brought into contact with the workpiece 101 by moving the turning tool 1 . Furthermore, the turning tool 1 may be moved away from the workpiece 101 by moving the turning tool 1 . Non-limiting embodiments of the method of manufacture are not limited to the forms described above.

For example, in step (1), the work material 101 may be brought closer to the turning tool 1 . Similarly, in step (3), the work piece 101 may be moved away from the turning tool. When cutting is to be continued, the turning tool 1 is held in a rotating state, and the process of bringing the insert into contact with different portions of the workpiece 101 may be repeated.

Representative examples of the material of the work material 101 include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, cast iron, non-ferrous metals, and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Turning tool 3... Holder 3a... 1st end 3b... 2nd end 5... Cutting insert (insert)
7 first screw 7a first screw head 9 second screw 9a second screw head O1 first central axis O2 second central axis 11 pocket 13 ... 1st screw hole 15... 2nd screw hole 17... Seat surface 19... Restricted side surface 21... 1st surface 21a... 1st corner 21b... 1st side 21c... 3rd Two sides 23 Second surface 25 Third surface 27 Cutting edge 27a First cutting edge 29 Through hole 31 Concave portion H1, H2, H3 Width 101・・・Work material

Claims (9)

A bar shape extending along the central axis from the first end to the second end,
a pocket located near the first end and having a seating surface;
a first screw hole that opens in the seat surface;
a second screw hole positioned closer to the second end than the first screw hole;
a holder having
Located in said pocket,
a first surface having a first side;
a second surface located on the opposite side of the first surface and in contact with the seat surface;
a third surface located between the first surface and the second surface;
a cutting edge located at the intersection of the first surface and the third surface;
a through hole that opens on the first surface and the second surface;
a recess located on the first side away from the second surface and open on the first surface and the third surface;
a cutting insert having
a first screw inserted into the through hole and screwed into the first screw hole;
a second screw that abuts on the recess and is screwed into the second screw hole,
The turning tool , wherein the recess has an inclined portion that is inclined both in a direction along the first side and in a direction orthogonal to the first side. A bar shape extending along the central axis from the first end to the second end,
a pocket located near the first end and having a seating surface;
a first screw hole that opens in the seat surface;
a second screw hole positioned closer to the second end than the first screw hole;
a holder having
Located in said pocket,
a first surface;
a second surface located on the opposite side of the first surface and in contact with the seat surface;
a third surface located between the first surface and the second surface;
a cutting edge located at the intersection of the first surface and the third surface;
a through hole that opens on the first surface and the second surface;
a recess spaced apart from the second surface and open at the first surface and the third surface;
a cutting insert having
a first screw inserted into the through hole and screwed into the first screw hole;
a second screw that abuts on the recess and is screwed into the second screw hole,
The first surface is
a first corner and a second corner;
a first side extending from the first corner and a second side extending from the second corner;
The cutting edge is
a first cutting edge located on at least part of the first corner and the first side;
a second cutting edge located at least part of the second corner and the second side,
The recess is
a first recess located along the first side and further from the first corner than the first cutting edge;
a second recess along the second side located further from the second corner than the second cutting edge. A bar shape extending along the central axis from the first end to the second end,
a pocket flanking the first end and having a seating surface and a restraining side;
a first screw hole that opens in the seat surface;
a second screw hole positioned closer to the second end than the first screw hole;
a holder having
Located in said pocket,
a first surface;
a second surface located on the opposite side of the first surface and in contact with the seat surface;
a third surface located between the first surface and the second surface;
a cutting edge located at the intersection of the first surface and the third surface;
a through hole that opens on the first surface and the second surface;
a recess spaced apart from the second surface and open at the first surface and the third surface;
a cutting insert having
a first screw inserted into the through hole and screwed into the first screw hole;
a second screw that abuts on the recess and is screwed into the second screw hole,
The turning tool, wherein the constraining side is in surface contact with the third side. The turning tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the central axis of said second screw is perpendicular to said cutting edge. The turning tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the central axis of said second screw is parallel to said first screw. A turning tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein said second thread is remote from said third surface. The pocket further has a restraining side surface that abuts the third surface,
the insert is sandwiched between the constraining side and the second screw;
The turning tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein said constraining side surface is inclined with respect to said central axis. The turning tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein said second thread is the same size as said first thread. rotating the work material;
a step of bringing the turning tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8 into contact with the rotating work material;
and separating the turning tool from the work material.

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