JP7276317B2 - 非水電解液二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7276317B2 JP7276317B2 JP2020507956A JP2020507956A JP7276317B2 JP 7276317 B2 JP7276317 B2 JP 7276317B2 JP 2020507956 A JP2020507956 A JP 2020507956A JP 2020507956 A JP2020507956 A JP 2020507956A JP 7276317 B2 JP7276317 B2 JP 7276317B2
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- negative electrode
- positive electrode
- metal layer
- exterior body
- average thickness
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- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本願は、2018年3月23日に、日本に出願された特願2018-056886号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
すなわち、上記課題を解決するため、以下の手段を提供する。
図1は、本実施形態にかかる非水電解液二次電池の模式図である。図1に示す非水電解液二次電池100は、発電素子10と、二つの端子20(負極端子21と正極端子22)と、外装体30と、を備える。発電素子10は、外装体30に設けられた収容空間K内に収容される。図1では、理解を容易にするために、発電素子10が外装体30内に収容される直前の状態を図示している。
図2は、本実施形態にかかる非水電解液二次電池の断面模式図である。図2に示す発電素子10は、負極1と正極2とセパレータ3とを有する。図2に示す発電素子10は、負極1と正極2とが、セパレータ3を挟んで対向配置された積層体である。積層体における負極1、正極2及びセパレータ3の積層数は特に問わない。発電素子10は、負極1と正極2とが、セパレータ3を挟んで対向配置された積層体が捲回されてなる捲回体でもよい。
端子20は2つあり、一方が負極端子21、他方が正極端子22である。端子20の一端(第1端部)は発電素子10に接続され、他端(第2端部)は外装体30の外部に延出する。2つの端子20は、それぞれ同じ方向に延出してもよいし、異なる方向に延出してもよい。負極端子21は負極集電体1Aに接続され、正極端子22は正極集電体2Aに接続される。接続方法は特に問わず、溶接、ネジ止め等を用いることができる。端子20には、アルミニウム、ニッケル等の導電材料を用いることができる。
外装体30は、その内部に発電素子10及び電解液を密封する。外装体30は、金属層31と、金属層31の発電素子10側の内面を被覆する内面樹脂層32と、金属層31の発電素子10と反対側の外面を被覆する外面樹脂層33と、を有する。外装体30は、いわゆる金属ラミネートフィルムである。
V31=Va+(Vc-Va)×1/(1+Rc/Ra)・・・(1)
ここで式(1)においてVaは負極1の電位であり、Vcは正極2の電位であり、Raは外装体30の金属層31と負極1との間の抵抗であり、Rcは外装体30の金属層31と正極2との間の抵抗である。式(1)は負極1の電位Vaを基準に、セル電圧(Vc-Va)と、金属層31と負極1又は正極2と間の抵抗Ra、Rcの比と、の積で求められる。式(1)においてRc/Raが小さいほど、外装体30の金属層31の電位V31は高くなる(貴になる)。
また、各側面部における変形度合は、各側面部における厚みの変化量と強い相関がある。外装体30に凹部を形成するに当り、各側面部は引き伸ばされるため、外装体30の厚みが小さい程、抵抗が小さくなる。
非水電解液二次電池100の製造方法は、外装体30の厚みを制御する点以外は、公知の方法で作製できる。以下、非水電解液二次電池100の製造方法の一例について具体的に説明する。
まず、アルミ箔からなる正極集電体の両面に、正極活物質層を塗工して正極を作製した。正極活物質層は、94質量部のLiCoO2(活物質)と、2質量部のカーボン(導電材)と、4質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF、バインダー)とを有する。
セルは同条件で2セル作製し、1セルは正極と外装体の金属層との間の電位差(IV)測定用に、もう1セルは外装体を取り出して、外装体の第1部分の平均厚みt1と第2部分の平均厚みt2の比t1/t2の測定に使用した。t1/t2を測定したところ、t1/t2=0.98の関係を満たした。
実施例2及び実施例3は、アルミラミネートフィルムの抑え強度を変えた点が実施例1と異なる。その結果、実施例2における外装体の第1部分の平均厚みt1と第2部分の平均厚みt2との比はt1/t2=0.95であり、実施例3における外装体の第1部分の平均厚みt1と第2部分の平均厚みt2との比はt1/t2=0.90であった。その他の条件は実施例1と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。すなわち、発電素子を平面視した際における負極のy方向の幅W1は、正極のy方向の幅W2より大きかった。
実施例4~実施例6は、発電素子を捲回体にした点が実施例1と異なる。アルミラミネートフィルムの抑え強度は、実施例4は実施例1と同じであり、実施例5は実施例2と同じであり、実施例6は実施例3と同じである。捲回体は、負極、セパレータ、正極、セパレータの順で積層された積層体を、7周捲回して作製した。捲回体は、最外周がセパレータであり、負極が正極より外側に位置する構成とした。発電素子を平面視した際における負極のy方向の幅W1は、正極のy方向の幅W2より大きかった。その他の条件は実施例1と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
実施例7は最外周を負極にした点が、実施例4と異なる。発電素子を平面視した際における負極のy方向の幅W1は、正極のy方向の幅W2より大きかった。その他の条件は実施例4と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
実施例8~実施例10は、正極が最外層に位置する構成とした捲回体を発電素子として用いた点が実施例4~実施例6と異なる。発電素子を平面視した際における負極のy方向の幅W1は、正極のy方向の幅W2より小さかった。その他の条件は実施例4~実施例6と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
実施例11は、負極端子を絶縁性の保護フィルム(絶縁テープ)で被覆した点が実施例10と異なる。その他の条件は実施例10と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
実施例12は、負極活物質層に、66.5質量部の黒鉛(活物質)と、28.5質量部の酸化シリコン(活物質)と、1質量部のカーボン(導電材)と、1.5質量部のスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR、バインダー)と、2.5質量部のカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC、バインダー)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に作製した。その他の条件は実施例1と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
実施例13は、負極活物質層に、88質量部の酸化シリコン(活物質)と、2質量部のカーボン(導電材)と、10質量部のポリアミドイミド(PAI、バインダー)を用い、完成した負極を、真空中、350℃で3時間熱処理した以外は、実施例1と同様に作製した。その他の条件は実施例1と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
実施例14は、負極活物質層に、金属リチウムを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に作製した。その他の条件は実施例1と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
比較例1~比較例3は、抑え冶具によるx方向とy方向の抑え強度を一定にして、t1とt2とを同じにした点が実施例1、実施例4、実施例8と異なる。その他の条件は実施例1、実施例4、実施例8と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
比較例4は、負極活物質層に、66.5質量部の黒鉛(活物質)と、28.5質量部の酸化シリコン(活物質)と、1質量部のカーボン(導電材)と、1.5質量部のスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR、バインダー)と、2.5質量部のカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC、バインダー)を用いた以外は、比較例1と同様に作製した。その他の条件は比較例1と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
比較例5は、負極活物質層に、88質量部の酸化シリコン(活物質)と、2質量部のカーボン(導電材)と、10質量部のポリアミドイミド(PAI、バインダー)を用い、完成した負極を、真空中、350℃で3時間熱処理した以外は、比較例1と同様に作製した。その他の条件は比較例1と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
比較例6は、負極活物質層に、金属リチウムを用いた以外は、比較例1と同様に作製した。その他の条件は比較例1と同様にして、金属層の初期電位IV0及び電位IV1を測定した。
1A 負極集電体
1B 負極活物質層
2 正極
2A 正極集電体
2B 正極活物質層
3 セパレータ
10 発電素子
10A 第1側面
10B 第2側面
20 端子
21 負極端子
22 正極端子
30 外装体
30A 第1面
30B 第2面
31 金属層
32 内面樹脂層
33 外面樹脂層
35 外装フィルム
50 抑え冶具
60 金型
100 非水電解液二次電池
301 第1部分
302 第2部分
K 収容空間
t1、t2、M1、M2 平均厚み
W1、W2 幅
Claims (4)
- 正極端子を有する正極と、負極端子を有する負極と、前記正極と前記負極との間に位置するセパレータと、を備える発電素子と、
前記発電素子を被覆し、金属層と前記金属層の両面を被覆する樹脂層とを有する外装体とを備え、
前記発電素子の前記正極端子及び前記負極端子が存在する第1側面を被覆する前記外装体の第1部分の平均厚みt1と、前記発電素子の前記第1側面と交差する位置にある第2側面を被覆する前記外装体の第2部分の平均厚みt2と、が異なり、
前記発電素子を積層方向から平面視した際に、前記正極端子及び前記負極端子が延びる第1方向と直交する第2方向において、前記負極の幅が前記正極の幅より大きい場合は、前記第1部分の平均厚みt1と前記第2部分の平均厚みt2とがt1<t2の関係を満たし、
前記発電素子を積層方向から平面視した際に、前記第2方向において、前記負極の幅が前記正極の幅より小さい場合は、前記第1部分の平均厚みt1と前記第2部分の平均厚みt2とがt1>t2の関係を満たし、
前記正極端子と前記外装体の前記金属層との間に挟まれる内面樹脂層は、前記負極端子と前記外装体の前記金属層との間に挟まれる内面樹脂層と、同じ材料からなり、
前記正極端子と前記外装体の前記金属層との間に挟まれる内面樹脂層の厚さは、前記負極端子と前記外装体の前記金属層との間に挟まれる内面樹脂層の厚み以下である、非水電解液二次電池。 - 前記負極の幅が前記正極の幅より大きい場合、前記第1部分の平均厚みt1と前記第2部分の平均厚みt2とが、t1<t2、且つ0.70×t2<t1の関係を満たす、請求項1に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記負極の幅が前記正極の幅より小さい場合、前記第1部分の平均厚みt1と前記第2部分の平均厚みt2とが、t1>t2、且つt1<1.43×t2の関係を満たす、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記負極端子の少なくとも一部が絶縁テープで覆われている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
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