JP7261425B2 - 非水電解質電池用の電極及び非水電解質電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質電池用の電極及び非水電解質電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7261425B2 JP7261425B2 JP2020557682A JP2020557682A JP7261425B2 JP 7261425 B2 JP7261425 B2 JP 7261425B2 JP 2020557682 A JP2020557682 A JP 2020557682A JP 2020557682 A JP2020557682 A JP 2020557682A JP 7261425 B2 JP7261425 B2 JP 7261425B2
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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Description
集電体と活物質層とコーティング材とを備え、
前記コーティング材は、成分にシロキサン結合を含むケイ酸塩又はシロキサン結合を含むシリカ微粒子凝集体を有し、
前記シロキサン結合を含むケイ酸塩又はシロキサン結合を含むシリカ微粒子凝集体はシラノール基を有し、前記活物質層の少なくとも表面に存在し、
前記活物質層は、硫黄系材料と樹脂系バインダとを含み、
活物質層に、コーティング材を塗布してなることを特徴とする。
A2O・nSiO2+2H++SO4 2-→nSiO2+A2SO4+H2O
D(Å)=0.9λ/(β×cosθ) ・・・・(式1)
(式中、Dは結晶粒の大きさ、λはX線管球の波長、βは結晶粒の大きさによる回折線の拡がり、θは回折角を示す)
活物質層の空隙率(%)=(1-d/ρ)×100
(硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-1)
硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-1は、ポリアクリロニトリルと単体硫黄を質量比で1:5となるように調整した混合粉末を、窒素ガス雰囲気中、400℃、1時間の条件で焼成し、減圧脱硫後、分級することで得られた。なお、得られた硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル(1)のメディアン径(D50)は9μmである。
硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-2は、大気中で、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-1を自動乳鉢(日陶科学株式会社製:ANM1000)により、1時間粉砕処理することで得られた。なお、得られた硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-2のメディアン径(D50)は8μmである。
硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-3は、アルゴンガス環境下で、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-1と直径4mmのジルコニアボールをジルコニア製容器に入れ密閉後、遊星型ボールミル(フリッチュ社製:PULVERISETTE7)を用いて、回転数360rpm(重力加速度約10G)、1時間の各条件でメカニカルミリング処理することにより得られた。なお、得られた硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-3のメディアン径(D50)は3μmである。
硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-4は、アルゴンガス環境下で、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-1と直径4mmのジルコニアボールをジルコニア製容器に入れ密閉後、高速遊星型ボールミル(栗本鉄工所製:クリモトハイジー)を用いて、入力周波数33.7Hz(重力加速度約50G)、1時間の各条件でメカニカルミリング処理することで得られた。なお、得られた硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-4のメディアン径(D50)は3μmである。
(比較例1)
比較例1の電極は、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-1、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(CMC-Na)、およびカーボンブラックからなるスラリーを、ドクタブレードを用いてカーボンコートアルミニウム箔(厚さ20μm)に塗工後、大気中80℃で乾燥後、次いで真空150℃、10時間の条件で熱処理して作製された。電極の片面当たりの容量密度は、2mAh/cm2とし、電極の空隙率は57%であった。
比較例2の電極は、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-2、アクリル系バインダ、およびカーボンブラックからなるスラリーを、ドクタブレードを用いてカーボンコートアルミニウム箔(厚さ20μm)に塗工後、大気中80℃で乾燥後、次いで真空140℃、10時間の条件で熱処理して作製された。電極の片面当たりの容量密度は、2.1mAh/cm2とし、電極の空隙率は56%であった。
比較例3の電極は、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-3を用いた他、比較例2と同様である。
比較例4の電極は、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル-4を用いた他、比較例2と同様である。
実施例1の電極は、比較例1と同様のスラリーをドクタブレードによりカーボンコートアルミニウム箔(厚さ20μm)に塗工後、大気中80℃で乾燥後、電極の活物質層に、ケイ酸ナトリウム水溶液をスプレーガンにより塗布し、大気中80℃で乾燥後、次いで真空150℃、10時間の条件で熱処理して作製された。単位面積当たりのケイ酸ナトリウムの塗布量(固形分)は、0.2mg/cm2とした。実施例1の電極厚みは、比較例1と比べて約300nm増えていた。
実施例2の電極は、比較例2と同様のスラリーをドクタブレードによりカーボンコートアルミニウム箔(厚さ20μm)に塗工後、大気中80℃で乾燥後、電極の活物質層に、ケイ酸ナトリウム水溶液をスプレーガンにより塗布し、大気中80℃で乾燥後、次いで真空140℃、10時間の条件で熱処理して作製された。
実施例3の電極は、比較例3と同様のスラリーを用いた他、実施例2の電極と同様である。
実施例4の電極は、比較例4と同様のスラリーを用いた他、実施例2の電極と同様である。
比較例1と実施例1のリチウム化した試験電極は、充放電を5サイクル繰り返した電池を、電池電圧が1.0Vになるまで0.2C-rate(定電流)で放電し、次いで試験電池を解体することで得られた。電池は、比較例1、又は実施例1の電極を試験極(φ11mm)とし、対極として金属リチウム(φ14mm)、電解液として1.0M LiPF6/(EC:DEC=50:50vol.%)、セパレータとしてガラス不織布(ADVANTEC社製:GA-100)とポリオレフィン微多孔膜(CELGARD社製:Celgard#2325)とを重ね合わせたもの、をそれぞれ用いて作製された。充放電試験は、30℃環境、カットオフ電圧1.0~3.0Vの条件で、0.2C-rate充放電(定電流)を5サイクル繰り返した。
試験電池は、比較例2~5および実施例2~5の各電極を試験極(φ11mm)とし、対極として金属リチウム(φ14mm)、電解液として1.0M LiPF6/(EC:DEC=50:50vol.%)、セパレータとしてガラス不織布(ADVANTEC社製:GA-100)とポリオレフィン微多孔膜(CELGARD社製:Celgard#2325)とを重ね合わせたもの、をそれぞれ用いて作製された。
Claims (26)
- 非水電解質電池用の電極として、
集電体と活物質層とコーティング材とを備え、
前記コーティング材は、成分にシロキサン結合を含むケイ酸塩又はシロキサン結合を含むシリカ微粒子凝集体を有し、前記シロキサン結合を含むケイ酸塩又はシロキサン結合を含むシリカ微粒子凝集体はシラノール基を有し、前記活物質層の少なくとも表面に存在し、
前記活物質層は、硫黄系材料と樹脂系バインダとを含み、
電極が水分と接触した際に、前記コーティング材が前記硫黄系材料と水分との接触を抑制し、且つ、前記コーティング材が、前記活物質層内で発生する硫化水素ガスをトラップする、
非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 硫黄系材料が、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルである、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 前記コーティング材が、前記活物質層内に存在する、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 前記コーティング材は、
前記活物質層内で発生する硫化水素ガスの外部への放出を抑制する、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 前記コーティング材は、
前記活物質層内で発生する硫化水素ガスの外部への放出経路を遮断する、
請求項4に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 前記活物質層は、空隙を有する多孔質体であり、
前記コーティング材によって前記活物質層内の前記空隙の全ては満たされておらず、該空隙が該活物質層内に存在する、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 活物質層が、空隙率5%以上70%以下の空隙を有する多孔質体であり、
空隙の表面にコーティング材が被覆された、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 前記空隙の表面に存在するコーティング材の厚みが、10nm以上5000nm以下である、
請求項7に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - ケイ酸塩が、一般式A2O・nSiO2で表される非晶質構造であり、
Aは、Li、Na、K、Rb、Csから選択される少なくとも1種のアルカリ金属元素を含み、
nは、0.5以上5.0以下である、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 前記集電体にアルミニウム、又はアルミニウム合金を用いた、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 前記コーティング材が、さらにカーボンを含む、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 前記活物質層に含まれる樹脂系バインダが、水系バインダである、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 前記硫黄系材料が、分解により硫化水素ガスを発生する固体材料である、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 前記硫黄系材料の粒子径が、メディアン径(D50)0.1μm以上20μm以下である、
請求項1に記載の非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 非水電解質電池用の電極として、
集電体と活物質層とコーティング材とを備え、
前記コーティング材は、成分にシロキサン結合を含むケイ酸塩又はシロキサン結合を含むシリカ微粒子凝集体を有し、前記シロキサン結合を含むケイ酸塩又はシロキサン結合を含むシリカ微粒子凝集体はシラノール基を有し、前記活物質層内に存在し、
前記活物質層は、硫黄系材料と樹脂系バインダとを含み、
電極が水分と接触した際に、前記コーティング材が前記硫黄系材料と水分との接触を抑制し、且つ、前記コーティング材が、前記活物質層内で発生する硫化水素ガスをトラップする、
非水電解質電池用の電極。 - 請求項1乃至請求項15のいずれか一項に記載の電極と、リチウム金属と合金化が可能な活物質又はリチウムイオンを吸蔵することが可能な活物質を含有する電極を含有する非水電解質電池。
- 請求項1乃至請求項15のいずれか一項に記載の電極と、ナトリウム金属と合金化が可能な活物質又はナトリウムイオンを吸蔵することが可能な活物質を含有する電極を含有する非水電解質電池。
- 請求項1乃至請求項15のいずれか一項に記載の電極と、カリウム金属と合金化が可能な活物質又はカリウムイオンを吸蔵することが可能な活物質を含有する電極を含有する非水電解質電池。
- 請求項1乃至請求項15のいずれか一項に記載の電極と、マグネシウム金属と合金化が可能な活物質又はマグネシウムイオンを吸蔵することが可能な活物質を含有する電極を含有する非水電解質電池。
- 請求項1乃至請求項15のいずれか一項に記載の電極と、カルシウム金属と合金化が可能な活物質又はカルシウムイオンを吸蔵することが可能な活物質を含有する電極を含有する非水電解質電池。
- 請求項1乃至15のいずれか一項に記載の電極を負極として備える、
非水電解質電池。 - 請求項1乃至15のいずれか一項に記載の電極を正極として備える、
非水電解質電池。 - 正極及び負極の少なくとも一方がリチウムドープ処理されている、
請求項21に記載の非水電解質電池。 - 正極及び負極の少なくとも一方がリチウムドープ処理されている、
請求項22に記載の非水電解質電池。 - 請求項16に記載の非水電解質電池を備える、組電池。
- 請求項16に記載の非水電解質電池を備える、電気機器。
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