JP7248401B2 - デプスフィルター - Google Patents
デプスフィルター Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7248401B2 JP7248401B2 JP2018180090A JP2018180090A JP7248401B2 JP 7248401 B2 JP7248401 B2 JP 7248401B2 JP 2018180090 A JP2018180090 A JP 2018180090A JP 2018180090 A JP2018180090 A JP 2018180090A JP 7248401 B2 JP7248401 B2 JP 7248401B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nonwoven fabric
- layer
- filter
- fibers
- average fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
- B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
- B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
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- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
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- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/544—Olefin series
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Description
この状況に鑑み、本発明は、高濃度・高粘度の粉体微粒子を含む流体に対しても、濾過精度及び長時間の濾過を可能とするための耐圧性能に優れたフィルターを提供することを課題とする。
[1]基材層と、濾過層と、表皮層とをこの順に有するデプスフィルターであって、
前記基材層及び前記表皮層は、不織布が巻回され、熱融着されてなる層であり、
前記濾過層は、少なくとも不織布とネットとを積層した積層体が二重以上に巻回され、前記濾過層に含まれる不織布は、互いに平均繊維径が異なる2種類以上の繊維を含んでなる混繊不織布を含む、デプスフィルター。
[2]前記基材層または前記表皮層を構成する不織布と、前記濾過層を構成する不織布とが互いに異なる不織布であって、
前記基材層または前記表皮層を構成する不織布の平均繊維径は、前記濾過層を構成する不織布の平均繊維径よりも大きい、[1]に記載のデプスフィルター。
[3]前記濾過層に含まれる、互いに平均繊維径が異なる2種類以上の繊維を含んでなる混繊不織布が、平均繊維径が0.5μm以上の第一の繊維と、平均繊維径が1μm以上であり、第一の繊維よりも太い第二の繊維とが、1:99~90:10の割合で混繊されてなる不織布である、[1]又は[2]に記載のデプスフィルター。
[4]前記濾過層に含まれる、互いに平均繊維径が異なる2種類以上の繊維を含んでなる混繊不織布が、どちらもポリオレフィン系鞘芯型複合繊維を含む、[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
[5]前記濾過層が、
前記互いに平均繊維径が異なる2種類以上の繊維を含んでなる混繊不織布と、
平均繊維径が0.5~200μmである1種類の繊維からなる不織布と、
を含む、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
[6]前記濾過層が、
前記互いに平均繊維径が異なる2種類以上の繊維を含んでなる混繊不織布を、2つ以上含む、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
[7]前記濾過層に含まれる不織布が、メルトブローン不織布及び/又はスルーエア不織布である、[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
[8]前記ネットは、1~5mm目の範囲の目合いであり、50~300μmの範囲の平均繊維径を有する、[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
[9]前記基材層を構成する不織布が、ポリオレフィン系繊維のメルトブローン不織布またはスルーエア不織布である、[1]~[8]のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
[10]前記基材層を構成する不織布と、前記表皮層を構成する不織布とが同じ不織布である、[1]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
濾過層は上記のとおり、少なくとも不織布とネットとを積層した積層体を用いて構成される。濾過層に用いられる不織布としては、所望の性能が得られる限り特に制限されないが、例えば、スルーエア不織布、メルトブローン不織布、スパンボンド不織布、スパンレース不織布等を用いることができ、中でも、嵩高く、不織布の厚み方向(濾過する流体の流れ方向)にも繊維配向が分布する点から、スルーエア不織布を用いることが好ましい。スルーエア不織布とは、熱風接着プロセスで得られた不織布をいう。熱風接着プロセスとは、オーブン中にコンベアベルトまたはロータリードラムを備えて、ウェブを通過させた後、一方に吸引することで、接着効果を高め、厚さ方向に均一な不織布を得るための方法で、エアスルー方式とも称される。スルーエア不織布は、エアスルー不織布とも称される。
濾過層に挿入されるネットは、デプスフィルターの捕集効率には影響しないが、不織布間に間隙を作り出すとともに、濾過層の形態を保持し、耐圧性能を維持・向上させるために用いられる。そのため、ネットは、50~300μmの範囲の繊維径のモノフィラメントを用いることが好ましく、60~280μmの範囲の繊維径のモノフィラメントを用いることがより好ましい。さらに、ネットの目合いは1~5mm目の範囲とすることが好ましく、1~4mm目の範囲とすることがより好ましい。この範囲のネットを用いることで、捕集効率に影響を与えず、かつフィルターの強度が確保されるため、より濾過ライフの長いフィルターを得ることができる。
本発明のデプスフィルターの濾過層は、少なくとも上記の混繊不織布とネットとを積層した積層体を二重以上に巻回して形成される。不織布とネットの積層順は特に制限されないが、不織布とネットを各1枚ずつ、すなわち、不織布とネットとが1層ずつ交互になるように巻くことが好ましい。このように形成された濾過層は、不織布と不織布の間に目の粗いネットが挟み込まれた構造になり、不織布同士が密着することなく積層される。不織布として、混繊不織布と単繊不織布を併用する場合には、まず混繊不織布(又は単繊不織布)とネットとを積層して所定の長さまで巻回し、次いで、単繊不織布(又は混繊不織布)とネットとを積層して所定の長さまで巻回することができる。
本発明に用いる基材層用不織布は、熱融着が可能で、熱融着後にデプスフィルターの基材層として必要な保形性を確保できれば特に制限されず、メルトブロー不織布、スルーエア不織布、スパンボンド不織布、スパンレース不織布等を用いることができる。
表皮層はフィルターの最も外側(濾過液の上流側)に位置する層であり、特に大粒径の凝集物や夾雑物が濾過層内に侵入しないようにブロックするほか、濾過層を保護し、フィルター形態を保持することを主な目的とする層である。
本発明のデプスフィルターは、基材層用不織布、濾過層用不織布及びネット、表皮層用不織布の順に積層しながら巻回することで製造できる。具体的には、例えば、基材層用不織布であるメルトブロー不織布をまず熱融着させながら円柱状の鉄棒に巻き上げて、コアとなる基材層を形成する。続いて、濾過層用不織布であるスルーエア不織布及びネットを順に挿入し、加熱することなく巻き上げて濾過層を形成する。最後に、表皮層用不織布であるメルトブロー不織布を1~2回巻回して、熱融着させることで、デプスフィルターを形成する。
また、上記の製造方法は概要のみであり、上記の工程以外に必要に応じて、熱処理、冷却、薬剤処理、成型、洗浄等の公知の工程を実施することができる。
実施例中に示した物性値の測定方法や定義は次のとおりである。
1)平均繊維径の測定方法
電子顕微鏡で撮影したフィルター濾材の断面より、1本当たりの繊維の長さ方向と直角方向の長さ(直径)を100本計測し、算術平均値を平均繊維径とした。この計算は、Scion Corporation社の画像処理ソフト「Scion Image」(商品名)を使用して行った。
2)目付の測定方法
250mm×250mmに切断した不織布の重量を測定し、単位面積当たりの重量(g/m2)を求め、これを目付とした。
(材料)
基材層用不織布:目付50g/m2、平均繊維径107μmのプロピレンを主成分とするプロピレン共重合体(融点135℃)と結晶性ポリプロピレン(融点165℃)との混繊比率が1:1からなる混繊メルトブロー不織布を用いた。
濾過層用不織布A:結晶性ポリプロピレン(融点165℃;芯)/高密度ポリエチレン(融点135℃;鞘)の偏心鞘芯型複合繊維からなる、目付が40g/m2のスルーエア不織布を用いた。このスルーエア不織布は、繊維径55μmの偏心鞘芯型複合繊維と繊維径32μmの偏心鞘芯型複合繊維とが、80:20の割合(重量比)で混合されている、混繊不織布である。
ネット:ポリプロピレンモノフィラメント(平均繊維径250μm)からなる、目合いが2.0mm目であるネットを用いた。
(製造方法)
中芯(鉄棒)を予め150℃に加熱し、150℃で加熱を続けながら、この中芯に基材層用不織布を5.6m分巻取った。続いて、濾過層用不織布Aとネットの挿入を開始した。濾過層用不織布A及びネットの挿入長さは2mとし、基材層用メルトブロー不織布とともに巻き取った。このとき、最初の1mはヒーター出力7.8kW、150℃で加熱することで熱融着させ、残り1mはヒーター出力を0kWとし、加熱せず、熱融着させずに巻取り、濾過層を形成した。続いて、ヒーター出力を7.8kWで加熱し、表皮層として基材層用メルトブロー不織布を熱融着させながら1m巻取り、円筒型フィルターを製造した。
(材料)
濾過層用不織布A:結晶性ポリプロピレン(融点165℃;芯)/高密度ポリエチレン(融点135℃;鞘)の偏心鞘芯型複合繊維からなる、目付が40g/m2のスルーエア不織布を用いた。このスルーエア不織布は、平均繊維径55μmの複合繊維と平均繊維径32μmの複合繊維とが、80:20の割合(重量比)で混合されている、混繊不織布である。
濾過層用不織布B:平均繊維径73μmの結晶性ポリプロピレン(融点165℃;芯)/高密度ポリエチレン(融点135℃;鞘)の偏心鞘芯型複合繊維からなる単繊スルーエア織布である。
(製造方法)
上記濾過層用不織布A1.7m及び上記濾過層用不織布B0.3mを継ぎ足して一反とした。濾過層用不織布Bが円筒形フィルターの外側に配置されるように巻き取り、それ以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で、円筒形フィルターを製造した。
(材料)
濾過層用不織布A:結晶性ポリプロピレン(融点165℃;芯)/高密度ポリエチレン(融点135℃;鞘)の偏心鞘芯型複合繊維からなる、目付が40g/m2のスルーエア不織布を用いた。このスルーエア不織布は、繊維径55μmの複合繊維と繊維径32μmの複合繊維とが、80:20の割合(重量比)で混合されている、混繊不織布である。
濾過層用不織布C:平均繊維径32μmの結晶性ポリプロピレン(融点165℃;芯)/高密度ポリエチレン(融点135℃;鞘)の偏心鞘芯型複合繊維からなる単繊スルーエア不織布である。
(製造方法)
上記濾過層用不織布A1.7m及び上記濾過層用不織布C0.3mを継ぎ足して一反とした。濾過層用不織布Cが円筒形フィルターの内側に配置されるように巻き取り、それ以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で、円筒形フィルターを製造した。
(材料)
濾過層用不織布E:繊維径32μmの結晶性ポリプロピレン(融点165℃;芯)/高密度ポリエチレン(融点165℃;鞘)の偏心鞘芯型複合繊維からなる単繊スルーエア不織布である。
(製造方法)
上記濾過層用不織布E2mを、濾過層用不織布として用いた以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で、円筒形フィルターを製造した。
実施例1~3及び比較例1の円筒型フィルターについて、下記の試験粉体及び方法に従って初期捕集性能として捕集効率を測定した。
試験粉体はJIS Z 8901 試験用粉体に記載の7種を使用した。
JIS7種粉体を速度0.3g/minで水中に添加した試験流体を30L/minの流量でフィルターに通し、フィルター前後の粒子数を測定した(参考文献 ユーザーのためのフィルターガイドブック 日本液体清澄化技術工業会)。
粒子数はパーティクルセンサー(KS-63 リオン製)を用い、パーティクルカウンター(KL-11 リオン製)を使用して測定した。
捕集効率は以下の定義式によって求めた。
捕集効率(%)=(1-フィルター通過後の粒径xμmの粒子数/フィルター通過前の粒径xμmの粒子数)×100
捕集効率の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例1~3及び比較例1の円筒型フィルターついて、ラップフィルムを全面に巻きつけて覆い、フィルター表面を密閉することで、耐圧試験用サンプルとした。
このフィルターをハウジングに取り付け、ポンプにより水を送液し、流路内を水で満たした。次いで、ポンプの流量を上げることによって、系内の圧力を0.1MPaから0.02MPaずつ上げて1分間保持し、フィルターの変形を目視確認することによって、フィルターが変形する限界の圧力を測定した。
耐圧性能試験の結果を表2に示す。
実施例1~3のフィルターは、濾過時において耐圧性能が高いことがわかった。一方で、比較例1のフィルターは耐圧テストにおいて濾材が潰れることがわかった。これは、実施例1~3のフィルターでは濾過層に、太い複合繊維を含むのに対して、比較例1のフィルターは濾過層に太い繊維を含まないことに起因すると考えられている。耐圧性能が高いことによって、より高粘度のスラリーを長時間濾過することが可能となる。
また、実施例1~3のフィルターは、100μm相当の微粒子は除去し、50μm以下の所望の粒子の多くを通過させることができるため、比較例1のフィルターよりも目詰まりが生じにくく、分級性能が高いことが確認された。
これらの結果から、本願発明に係る実施例1~3のデプスフィルターは、濾過精度と耐圧性能とに優れることがわかった。
2 濾過層
3 表皮層
Claims (9)
- 基材層と、濾過層と、表皮層とをこの順で有するデプスフィルターであって、
前記基材層及び前記表皮層は、不織布が巻回され、熱融着されてなる層であり、
前記濾過層は、少なくとも濾過層用不織布とネットとを積層した積層体が二重以上に巻回され、
前記濾過層用不織布は、互いに平均繊維径が異なる2種類の繊維を混合してなる混繊不織布を含み、
前記混繊不織布が、平均繊維径が10~50μm(10μmを除く)の第一の繊維と、平均繊維径が30~100μmであり、第一の繊維よりも太い第二の繊維とが、10:90~80:20の割合で混繊されてなる不織布である、
デプスフィルター。 - 前記基材層または前記表皮層を構成する不織布と、前記濾過層用不織布とが互いに異なる不織布であって、
前記基材層または前記表皮層を構成する不織布の平均繊維径は、前記濾過層用不織布の平均繊維径よりも大きい、請求項1に記載のデプスフィルター。 - 前記混繊不織布が、どちらもポリオレフィン系鞘芯型複合繊維を含む、請求項1または2に記載のデプスフィルター。
- 前記濾過層用不織布が、前記混繊不織布と、平均繊維径が0.5~200μmである1種類の繊維からなる不織布と、を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
- 前記濾過層用不織布が、前記混繊不織布を、2つ以上含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
- 前記濾過層用不織布が、メルトブローン不織布及び/又はスルーエア不織布である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
- 前記ネットは、1~5mm目の範囲の目合いであり、50~300μmの範囲の平均繊維径を有する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
- 前記基材層を構成する不織布が、ポリオレフィン系繊維のメルトブローン不織布またはスルーエア不織布である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
- 前記基材層を構成する不織布と、前記表皮層を構成する不織布とが同じ不織布である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のデプスフィルター。
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