JP7230056B2 - フェナルカミンエポキシ硬化剤およびこれを含有するエポキシ樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
フェナルカミンエポキシ硬化剤およびこれを含有するエポキシ樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7230056B2 JP7230056B2 JP2020552748A JP2020552748A JP7230056B2 JP 7230056 B2 JP7230056 B2 JP 7230056B2 JP 2020552748 A JP2020552748 A JP 2020552748A JP 2020552748 A JP2020552748 A JP 2020552748A JP 7230056 B2 JP7230056 B2 JP 7230056B2
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- Prior art keywords
- epoxy
- epoxy resin
- phenalkamine
- amine
- resins
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 111
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 title description 49
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 glycidyl ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UTOQUPLUSA-N Cardanol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CC=C)=C1 JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UTOQUPLUSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11',12',14',15'-Tetradehydro(Z,Z-)-3-(8-Pentadecenyl)phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC(CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCC=C)=C1 JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- YLKVIMNNMLKUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Delta8-pentadecenylphenol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 YLKVIMNNMLKUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- HMJBXEZHJUYJQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(aminomethyl)octane-1,8-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCC(CN)CCCN HMJBXEZHJUYJQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- FAYVLNWNMNHXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cardanoldiene Natural products CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 FAYVLNWNMNHXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- PTFIPECGHSYQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cardanol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 PTFIPECGHSYQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical class C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KVFDZFBHBWTVID-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1CCCCC1 KVFDZFBHBWTVID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KSMVZQYAVGTKIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=O KSMVZQYAVGTKIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanal Chemical compound CCCCCCC=O FXHGMKSSBGDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=O NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YMTYZTXUZLQUSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dimethylbisphenol A Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 YMTYZTXUZLQUSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NOGYFAIHVRCHRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,6-difluorophenol Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(O)=C(F)C=C1CC1=CC(F)=C(O)C(F)=C1 NOGYFAIHVRCHRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- KYPYTERUKNKOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrachlorobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 KYPYTERUKNKOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004844 aliphatic epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VELDYOPRLMJFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanecarbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1CCCC1 VELDYOPRLMJFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011353 cycloaliphatic epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 65
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 6
- WTFAGPBUAGFMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-aminopropoxy)propoxy]propoxy]propan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(N)COCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)N WTFAGPBUAGFMQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229920006334 epoxy coating Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC(CN)=C1 FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013035 low temperature curing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical class COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C07C215/46—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
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- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
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Description
マンニッヒ反応は、アルデヒド、通常はホルムアルデヒドと、フェノール化合物と、アミンとの反応に基づく。この反応では、フェノール化合物、アミンおよびアルデヒドのさまざまな形態が利用されている。マンニッヒ塩基生成物は、エポキシ樹脂の硬化に特に適している。
発明の概要
であり、ただし、A、B、C、D、およびEから選択される少なくとも2個の置換基はHであり、結合はアスタリスクを介して行われる]。
で示される組成物を製造することにより、製造可能である。当業者は、少なくとも2個のHを有する化合物が、適切なモル比のカルダノール、アルデヒドおよびトリアミノノナンを選択することにより製造可能であることを知っている。好ましいアルキル基としては、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチルが挙げられる。好ましい脂環式基としては、シクロペンチルおよびシクロヘキシルが挙げられる。
(a) 以下に示される、カルダノールのトリアミノノナン由来マンニッヒ塩基(フェナルカミン)を含む硬化剤組成物:
(b) 少なくとも1つの多官能性エポキシ樹脂を含むエポキシ組成物
を含む。
の高度化二価フェノールも有用である。この式による材料は、二価フェノールとエピクロロヒドリンとの混合物を重合することにより、または二価フェノールのジグリシジルエーテルと二価フェノールとの混合物を高度化することにより製造することが可能である。任意の所与の分子においては、pの値は整数であるが、これらの材料は常に混合物であり、これらは、必ずしも整数ではない平均値pを特徴とし得る。本開示の一態様では、平均値pが0~7であるポリマー材料が使用され得る。
で表されるビスフェノールFまたはビスフェノールAのジグリシジルエーテルである。DGEBAは、R’’がCH3であり、かつpが0である場合、先の構造で表される。DGEBAまたは高度化DGEBA樹脂は、それらのコストが低いことと、一般的に特性が高性能であることとが組み合わさっていることを理由に、コーティング配合物において使用されることが多い。約174~約250、より一般的には約185~約195の範囲のEEWを有するDGEBAの市販グレードは、容易に入手可能である。これらの低分子量では、エポキシ樹脂は液体であり、多くの場合、液体エポキシ樹脂と称される。純粋なDGEBAは約174のEEWを有するため、ほとんどのグレードの液体エポキシ樹脂はわずかにポリマーであると当業者に理解されている。同様に高度化プロセスにより製造された約250~約450のEEWを有する樹脂は、室温で固体および液体の混合物であるため、半固体エポキシ樹脂と称される。約160~約750の固体ベースのEEWを有する多官能性樹脂が、本開示において有用である。別の態様において、多官能性エポキシ樹脂は、約170~約250の範囲のEEWを有する。
(a) 以下に示される、カルダノールのトリアミノノナン由来マンニッヒ塩基(フェナルカミン)を含む硬化剤組成物:
であり、ただし、A、B、C、D、およびEから選択される少なくとも2個の置換基はHであり、結合はアスタリスクを介して行われる]
(b) 先に記載の少なくとも1つの多官能性エポキシ樹脂を含むエポキシ組成物、および
(c) 少なくとも2個のアミン官能基を有するアミン共硬化剤
を含む。
の構造で表される、フェナルカミン。
の構造を有する少なくとも1つの二価フェノールを含む、態様<6>記載の好ましい使用。
の構造で表される、態様<10>記載の好ましい使用。
これらの実施例は、本発明の特定の態様を説明するために設けられており、本明細書に添付のクレームの範囲を限定するものではない。
N2注入口と、添加漏斗と、温度プローブとを備える三ツ口の1L丸底フラスコに、カルダノール(298g、1.0モル)およびトリアミノノナン(TAN)(173.3g、1.0モル)を充填した。混合物を80℃に加熱した。37%のホルムアルデヒド溶液(81g、37重量%、30g、1.0モル)を添加して、80~90℃の反応温度を維持した。添加後に、混合物を90~95℃で1時間にわたり保った。水を120℃で蒸留すると、淡褐色の液体としての生成物が得られた。
N2注入口と、添加漏斗と、温度プローブとを備える三ツ口の1L丸底フラスコに、カルダノール(298g、1.0モル)およびTAN(225.29g、1.30モル)を充填した。混合物を80℃に加熱した。37%のホルムアルデヒド溶液(105.40g、37重量%、39g、1.3モル)を添加して、80~90℃の反応温度を維持した。添加後に、混合物を90~95℃で1時間にわたり保った。水を120℃で蒸留すると、淡褐色の液体としての生成物が得られた。
特に指定のない限り、先の例で与えられている成分と、EEW190の標準的なビスフェノールAベースのエポキシ樹脂(Epon 828、DER 331タイプ)のエポキシ成分とを混合することにより硬化剤混合物を製造した。使用された配合物は、表1に定義されている。その後、1:1(アミン:エポキシ当量)の化学量論水準を用いてこれらを混合した。硬化剤は、そのままで、およびキシレン:n-ブタノール(重量で3:1)の組み合わせで固体80%で試験した。比較例(3)は、エチレンジアミン[EDA]に由来する市販のフェナルカミン硬化剤であり、参照として使用した。
Claims (19)
- 請求項1記載のフェナルカミンを含む、硬化剤組成物。
- 少なくとも2個のアミン官能基を有するさらなるアミンをさらに含む、請求項2記載の硬化剤組成物。
- エポキシ樹脂用硬化剤としての、請求項1記載のフェナルカミンまたは請求項2もしくは3記載の硬化剤組成物の使用。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂が少なくとも1つの多官能性エポキシ樹脂を含む、請求項4記載の使用。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂が、芳香族エポキシ樹脂、脂環式エポキシ樹脂、脂肪族エポキシ樹脂、グリシジルエステル樹脂、チオグリシジルエーテル樹脂、N-グリシジルエーテル樹脂、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項4記載の使用。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂が、多価フェノールのグリシジルエーテルを含む、請求項6記載の使用。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂が、レゾルシノール、ヒドロキノン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジフルオロフェニル)メタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジクロロフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、ノボラック樹脂のグリシジルエーテル、およびそれらの組み合わせの群から選択される少なくとも1つのグリシジルエーテルを含む、請求項6記載の使用。
- 前記少なくとも1つの多官能性エポキシ樹脂が、ビスフェノールAのジグリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノールAの高度化ジグリシジルエーテル、およびビスフェノールFのジグリシジルエーテルのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項5記載の使用。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂が、単官能性エポキシドをさらに含む、請求項5記載の使用。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂中のエポキシ基と前記硬化剤組成物中のアミン水素との化学量論比が、1.5:1~0.7:1の範囲にある、請求項4記載の使用。
- カルダノールと、トリアミノノナンと、アルデヒドとを反応させるステップを含む、請求項1記載のフェナルカミンの製造方法。
- カルダノールとトリアミノノナンとのモル比が、1:1~1:3の範囲にあり、トリアミノノナンとアルデヒドとのモル比が、1:1~1:6の範囲にある、請求項14記載の方法。
- アルデヒドが、ホルムアルデヒド、パラホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、プロピオンアルデヒド、ブチルアルデヒド、ペンタナール、ヘキサナール、オクタナール、ヘプタナール、デカナール、ベンズアルデヒド、シクロペンタンカルボキシアルデヒド、およびシクロヘキサンカルボキシアルデヒドからなる群から選択される、請求項14記載の方法。
- 式(IV)のフェナルカミンと、少なくとも2個のアミン官能基を有するさらなるアミンとを組み合わせることを含む、請求項2記載の硬化剤組成物の製造方法。
- 硬化した製造物品を製造するための、少なくとも1つのエポキシ樹脂との併用での、請求項1記載のフェナルカミンまたは請求項2もしくは3記載の硬化剤組成物の使用。
- 前記物品が、コーティング、接着剤、建造物、床材製品、または複合材製品である、請求項18記載の使用。
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