JP7224001B2 - ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織、その製造方法及びそれを含む関節軟骨損傷治療用組成物 - Google Patents
ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織、その製造方法及びそれを含む関節軟骨損傷治療用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
[1] ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織であって、
多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の第1重心、または前記第1重心を中心とする前記多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の最長径(第1最長径)×0.2の径を有する同心球の内側の領域である重心領域、を通る任意の断面において、
前記断面の重心である第2重心を中心とし、前記断面の最長径(第2最長径)×0.4~0.9の径を有する同心円の内側の領域である中心領域に含まれる単位面積当たりのルブリシン発現量(中心ルブリシン量)と、前記中心領域の外側の非中心領域に含まれる単位面積当たりのルブリシン発現量(非中心ルブリシン量)との比が、
非中心ルブリシン量/中心ルブリシン量>1であり、ルブリシンが局在化したことを特徴とする、ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[2] 非中心ルブリシン量/中心ルブリシン量>1.3である、[1]に記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[3] 非中心ルブリシン量/中心ルブリシン量>1.5である、[1]または[2]に記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[4] サフラニンО染色により外膜を除く部分において一様に陽性を示す、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[5] 前記断面の全周の7割以上の範囲においてルブリシンが発現している、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[6] 略球状である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[7] 前記多能性幹細胞が、ES細胞、ntES細胞またはiPS細胞である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[8] 前記非中心領域が、サフラニンO陽性部分を含む、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[9] ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織であって、
多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の表層周辺部に含まれる単位重量当たりのルブリシン発現量(表層ルブリシン量)と、非表層周辺部に含まれる単位重量当たりのルブリシン発現量(非表層ルブリシン量)との比が、表層ルブリシン量/非表層ルブリシン量>1.3であり、
ここで前記表層周辺部が、前記軟骨様組織の表面の任意の点(第1の点)から第1重心までの距離において、第1の点から5%~60%の距離にある点を第2の点と定義した場合、任意の各第1の点に対する各第2の点の集合の外側の領域であり、
前記非表層周辺部が、前記表層周辺部の内側に存在する、前記表層周辺部を除く軟骨様組織の領域である、ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[10] 表層ルブリシン量/非表層ルブリシン量>1.5である、[9]に記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[11] サフラニンО染色により外膜を除く部分において一様に陽性を示す、[9]~[10]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[12] 前記表面の7割以上の範囲においてルブリシンが発現している、[9]~[11]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[13] 略球状である、[9]~[12]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[14] 前記多能性幹細胞が、ES細胞、ntES細胞またはiPS細胞である、[9]~[13]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[15] 前記表層周辺部が、サフラニンO陽性部分を含まない、[9]~[14]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[16] 前記表層周辺部が、サフラニンO陽性部分を含む、[9]~[15]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[17] ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織であって、
多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の表層周辺部に含まれる単位重量当たりのルブリシン発現量(表層ルブリシン量)と、非表層周辺部に含まれる単位重量当たりのルブリシン発現量(非表層ルブリシン量)との比が、表層ルブリシン量/非表層ルブリシン量>1.3であり、
ここで前記表層周辺部が、前記軟骨様組織の表面の任意の点(第1の点)から第1重心までの距離において、第1の点から500μmの距離にある点を第2の点と定義した場合、任意の各第1の点に対する各第2の点の集合の外側の領域であり、
前記非表層周辺部が、前記表層周辺部の内側に存在する、前記表層周辺部を除く軟骨様組織の領域である、ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[18] 表層ルブリシン量/非表層ルブリシン量>1.5である、[17]に記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[19] サフラニンО染色により外膜を除く部分において一様に陽性を示す、[17]~[18]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[20] 前記表面の7割以上の範囲においてルブリシンが発現している、[17]~[19]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[21] 略球状である、[17]~[20]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[22] 最長径が1mm~6mmである、[17]~[21]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[23] 前記多能性幹細胞が、ES細胞、ntES細胞またはiPS細胞である、[17]~[22]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[24] 前記表層周辺部が、サフラニンO陽性部分を含まない、[17]~[23]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[25] 前記表層周辺部が、サフラニンO陽性部分を含む、[17]~[24]のいずれかに記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
[27] 前記多能性幹細胞が、ES細胞、ntES細胞またはiPS細胞である、[26]に記載の方法。
[28] 前記力学的刺激がせん断力である、[26]または[27]に記載の方法。
[29] 前記せん断力が、該組織の外周全方位から負荷される、[29]に記載の方法。
[30] 前記せん断力が、攪拌手段によって負荷される、[29]または[30]に記載の方法。
[31] 前記攪拌手段が、回転式培養装置である、[31]に記載の方法。
[32] 前記回転式培養装置が、1以上の攪拌翼を有する回転式培養装置である、[31]に記載の方法。
[33] 前記せん断力が、前記多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織を、前記攪拌翼ならびに/または前記回転式培養装置の培養容器の底面及び内壁面に接触させることによって生じるせん断力を含む、[32]に記載の方法。
[34] 前記回転式培養装置の攪拌速度が、10~95回転/分である、[32]または[33]に記載の方法。
[35] 前記回転式培養装置の攪拌速度が、50~70回転/分である、[32]または[33]に記載の方法。
[36] 前記工程の期間が、3日以上である[26]~[35]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[37] 前記工程の期間が、14日以上である[26]~[35]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[38] 前記工程の期間が、28日以上である[26]~[35]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[39] 前記工程において用いられる前記多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の量が、100mg/30mL培地以下である、[26]~[38]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[40] 前記工程において用いられる前記多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の量が、60mg/30mL培地以下である、[26]~[38]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[41] 前記培地が、TGFβ、BMP2及びGDF5を含む、[26]~[40]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[42] 前記培地が、血清を含む、[26]~[41]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[43] 前記培地が、HMG-CoA還元酵素阻害薬を含む、[26]~[42]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[44] 前記HMG-CoA還元酵素阻害薬が、ロスバスタチンである、[43]に記載の方法。
[45] 前記工程の前後で、多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織に対し、前記ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織のPRG4の発現量が3倍以上、上昇する、[26]~[44]のいずれかに記載の方法。
多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の第1重心、または前記第1重心を中心とする前記多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の最長径(第1最長径)×0.2の径を有する同心球の内側の領域である重心領域、を通る任意の断面において、
前記断面の重心である第2重心を中心し、前記断面の最長径(第2最長径)×0.4~0.9の径を有する同心円の内側の領域である中心領域に含まれる単位面積当たりのルブリシン発現量(中心ルブリシン量)と、前記中心領域の外側の非中心領域に含まれる単位面積当たりのルブリシン発現量(非中心ルブリシン量)との比が、
非中心ルブリシン量/中心ルブリシン量>1であり、ルブリシンが局在化したことを特徴とする、ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織を提供する。
ES細胞は、ヒトやマウスなどの哺乳動物の初期胚(例えば胚盤胞)の内部細胞塊から樹立された、多能性と自己複製による増殖能を有する幹細胞である。
精子幹細胞は、精巣由来の多能性幹細胞であり、精子形成のための起源となる細胞である。この細胞は、ES細胞と同様に、種々の系列の細胞に分化誘導可能であり、例えばマウス胚盤胞に移植するとキメラマウスを作出できるなどの性質をもつ(M.Kanatsu-Shinohara et al.(2003)Biol.Reprod.,69:612-616;K.Shinohara et al.(2004),Cell,119:1001-1012)。神経膠細胞系由来神経栄養因子(glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF))を含む培地で自己複製可能であるし、またES細胞と同様の培養条件下で継代を繰り返すことによって、精子幹細胞を得ることができる(竹林正則ら(2008),実験医学,26巻,5号(増刊),41~46頁,羊土社(東京、日本))。
胚性生殖細胞は、胎生期の始原生殖細胞から樹立される、ES細胞と同様な多能性をもつ細胞であり、LIF、bFGF、幹細胞因子(stem cell factor)などの物質の存在下で始原生殖細胞を培養することによって樹立しうる(Y.Matsui et al.(1992),Cell,70:841-847;J.L.Resnick et al.(1992),Nature,359:550-551)。
人工多能性幹(iPS)細胞は、特定の初期化因子を、DNA又はタンパク質の形態で体細胞に導入することによって作製することができる、ES細胞とほぼ同等の特性、例えば分化多能性と自己複製による増殖能、を有する体細胞由来の人工の幹細胞である(K.Takahashi and S.Yamanaka(2006)Cell,126:663-676;K.Takahashi et al.(2007),Cell,131:861-872;J.Yu et al.(2007),Science,318:1917-1920;Nakagawa,M.ら,Nat.Biotechnol.26:101-106(2008);国際公開WO2007/069666)。初期化因子は、ES細胞に特異的に発現している遺伝子、その遺伝子産物もしくはnon-cording RNAまたはES細胞の未分化維持に重要な役割を果たす遺伝子、その遺伝子産物もしくはnon-cording RNA、あるいは低分子化合物によって構成されてもよい。初期化因子に含まれる遺伝子として、例えば、Oct3/4、Sox2、Sox1、Sox3、Sox15、Sox17、Klf4、Klf2、c-Myc、N-Myc、L-Myc、Nanog、Lin28、Fbx15、ERas、ECAT15-2、Tcl1、beta-catenin、Lin28b、Sall1、Sall4、Esrrb、Nr5a2、Tbx3またはGlis1等が例示され、これらの初期化因子は、単独で用いても良く、組み合わせて用いても良い。初期化因子の組み合わせとしては、WO2007/069666、WO2008/118820、WO2009/007852、WO2009/032194、WO2009/058413、WO2009/057831、WO2009/075119、WO2009/079007、WO2009/091659、WO2009/101084、WO2009/101407、WO2009/102983、WO2009/114949、WO2009/117439、WO2009/126250、WO2009/126251、WO2009/126655、WO2009/157593、WO2010/009015、WO2010/033906、WO2010/033920、WO2010/042800、WO2010/050626、WO2010/056831、WO2010/068955、WO2010/098419、WO2010/102267、WO 2010/111409、WO2010/111422、WO2010/115050、WO2010/124290、WO2010/147395、WO2010/147612、Huangfu D,et al.(2008),Nat.Biotechnol.,26:795-797、Shi Y,et al.(2008),Cell Stem Cell,2:525-528、Eminli S,et al.(2008),Stem Cells.26:2467-2474、Huangfu D,et al.(2008),Nat Biotechnol.26:1269-1275、Shi Y,et al.(2008),Cell Stem Cell,3,568-574、Zhao Y,et al.(2008),Cell Stem Cell,3:475-479、Marson A,(2008),Cell Stem Cell,3,132-135、Feng B,et al(2009),Nat Cell Biol.11:197-203、R.L.Judson et al.,(2009),Nat.Biotech.,27:459-461、Lyssiotis CA,et al.(2009),Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.106:8912-8917、Kim JB,et al.(2009),Nature.461:649-643、Ichida JK,et al.(2009),Cell Stem Cell.5:491-503、Heng JC,et al.(2010),Cell Stem Cell.6:167-74、Han J,et al.(2010),Nature.463:1096-100、Mali P,et al.(2010),Stem Cells.28:713-720、Maekawa M,et al.(2011),Nature.474:225-9.に記載の組み合わせが例示される。
ntES細胞は、核移植技術によって作製されたクローン胚由来のES細胞であり、受精卵由来のES細胞とほぼ同じ特性を有している(T.Wakayama et al.(2001),Science,292:740-743;S.Wakayama et al.(2005),Biol.Reprod.,72:932-936;J.Byrne et al.(2007),Nature,450:497-502)。すなわち、未受精卵の核を体細胞の核と置換することによって得られたクローン胚由来の胚盤胞の内部細胞塊から樹立されたES細胞がntES(nuclear transfer ES)細胞である。ntES細胞の作製のためには、核移植技術(J.B.Cibelli et al.(1998),Nature Biotechnol.,16:642-646)とES細胞作製技術(上記)との組み合わせが利用される(若山清香ら(2008),実験医学,26巻,5号(増刊),47~52頁)。核移植においては、哺乳動物の除核した未受精卵に、体細胞の核を注入し、数時間培養することで初期化することができる。
Muse細胞は、WO2011/007900に記載された方法にて製造された多能性幹細胞であり、詳細には、線維芽細胞または骨髄間質細胞を長時間トリプシン処理、好ましくは8時間または16時間トリプシン処理した後、浮遊培養することで得られる多能性を有した細胞であり、SSEA-3およびCD105が陽性である。
間葉系幹細胞」とは、未分化な細胞で、脂肪細胞、軟骨細胞、骨細胞、筋芽細胞、線維芽細胞、ストローマ細胞、及び/又は腱細胞等のさまざまな間葉系の細胞へ分化する能力を持ち、且つ自己複製の能力を持つ細胞をいう。The International Society for Cellular Therapy(ISCT)において、間葉系幹細胞を既定する以下の3つの最小限の基準;(1)標準的な培養条件でプラスチックに接着して培養できること、(2)免疫学的特徴として、CD105、CD73、CD90が陽性、CD45、CD34、CD14又はCD11b、CD79a又はCD19、HLA-DRが陰性であること、(3)in vitro分化系で骨芽細胞、脂肪細胞、軟骨芽細胞への分化能を示す、とされているが、本明細書においては、これに限定されない。その他、CD29、CD44、CD106及びSTRO-1も間葉系幹細胞を示す陽性マーカーとして挙げられる。本明細書において、「間葉系幹細胞」は、可能な限り最も広く解釈される。
1.方法
1-1.ヒトiPS細胞を用いた軟骨細胞の誘導
Nakagawa M,et al,Sci Rep.4:3594(2014)に記載の方法で樹立されたQHJI01s04株を京都大学iPS細胞研究所より受領し、ヒトiPS細胞として用いた。
上記1-1で得られた軟骨様組織、約50mg(5~10個の軟骨様組織)を、30mLバイオリアクター(BWV-S03A、エイブル)へ移し、上記1-1で用いた軟骨分化培地を30mL加え、せん断力刺激を付与するために6cm magnetic stirrer(BWS-S03NOS-6、エイブル)を用い、60rpmで回転させ、37℃、CO25%の条件下で30日間培養した。培養期間中、2日または3日毎に、新しい軟骨分化培地へ交換した。
上記1-2の方法によって得られた軟骨様組織(せん断力刺激付与前(0日目)、せん断力刺激付与後(30日目)を、4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定し、その後、パラフィンに包埋して、組織切片を作製した。パラフィン包埋組織切片を脱パラフィン化し、それを1mM EDTA PBS(pH8.0)に浸漬し、80℃で15分間インキュベートして抗原の賦活化を行った。その後、PBSで組織切片を洗浄し、10mg/mLのHyaluronidaseを添加し、室温で40分間処理し、PBSで洗浄した。DABキット(CSA II Biotin-free Tyramide Signal Amplification System、Dako社)を用い、Peroxidase block(DABキット step1)で5分間処理し、PBSで洗浄後、Protein block(DABキット step2)で5分間処理した。その後、抗ルブリシン-マウス抗体(ミリポア社、#MABT400、Clone5C11、1:500希釈)を添加し、4℃で一晩反応させた。PBSで洗浄後、二次抗体(DABキット step4 mouse)を添加して15分間処理した。PBSで洗浄後、Amplifcation reagent(DABキット step5)で15分間処理した。PBSで洗浄後、anti florescent HRP(DABキット step6)で15分間処理した。その後、PBSで洗浄し、DAB substrate buffer及びDAB chlomo(DABキット step7)を用いて発色させ、カバーガラスで封入した後、画像を撮影した(図3-1)。別切片についてサフラニンO染色を行った(図3-2)。
Image J(National Institutes of Health、ver.1.51)を用いて、以下の手順により、周辺領域(非中心領域)/中心領域の免疫染色濃度の比を求めた(図4)。なお、表層周辺部範囲は具体的には、以下の式で算出した。
表層周辺部範囲(μm)=組織長径(mm)×(1-中心領域径/組織長径)×1000
(1)Image >Type >32bitでRGB画像をグレイスケールに変換(YUVで重み付け)
(2)Edit > Invertで白黒を反転
(3)組織に内接するように多角形ツールでROIを描き、Analyse > measure(組織全体のArea及びMean gray valueを測定)
(4)中心領域を円形ツールで選択し、Analyse > measure(中心領域のArea及びMean gray valueを測定)
(5)バックグラウンドを円形ツールで選択し、Analyse > measure(バックのMean gray valueを測定)
(6)以下の式で周辺領域のMean gray valueを算出:
(組織全体のArea× Mean gray value)-(中心領域のArea× Mean gray value)/(組織全体のAreaー中心領域のArea)
(7)以下の式で周辺領域/中心領域のMean gray valueからバックグラウンドを引いた値の比を算出:
(周辺領域のMean gray value-バックグラウンドのMean gray value)/(中心領域のMean gray value-バックグラウンドのMean gray value)
攪拌前の軟骨様組織(0日目、比較例)と比べて、30日攪拌後の軟骨様組織は、周辺領域にルブリシンが局在していることが確認された(図3-1及び4)。
実施例1と同様の手順により、攪拌有り又は無しの条件にて、軟骨様組織を1週間、2週間または4週間培養した。得られた軟骨様組織を、実施例1と同様の手順により、抗ルブリシン抗体を用いた免疫組織化学染色およびサフラニンО染色を行い、画像解析を行った(図5~7)。その結果、2週間(14日)以上培養した軟骨様組織において、周辺領域にルブリシンが局在していることが確認された(図7)。
実施例1と同様の手順により、攪拌培養した軟骨様組織を経時的に回収した(0時間、2時間、6時間、24時間及び72時間)。得られた軟骨様組織を液体窒素で凍結し、Multi Beads Shocker(Yasui Kikai,Osaka,Japan)で破砕し、Qiazol(登録商標(Qiagen))及びRNeasy Mini Kit(Qiagen)を用いてトータルRNAを抽出した。トータルRNAをDNaseで処理してゲノムDNAを除去し、250ngのトータルRNAをReverTra Ace(登録商標)qPCR RT Master Mix(Toyobo、Tokyo、Japan)を用いて、逆転写してcDNAを調製した。KAPA SUBR FAST qPCR kit Master Mix ABI Prism(KAPA Biosystems,MA,USA)を用いてPCR増幅を行った。PRG4プライマーは、TaqMan ID:Hs0160665_g1を用い、コントロールのGAPDHプライマーは、TaqMan ID:Hs03929097_g1を用いた。RNA発現レベルは、GAPDHのレベルでノーマライズした。結果は、攪拌前の軟骨様組織(0時間)の相対発現量として算出した。その結果、24時間以上攪拌培養した軟骨様組織は、PRG4の発現量が3倍以上増加している様子が確認された(図8)。
2 第1重心
21 重心領域
3 第1最長径
4 断面
41 第2重心
42 第2最長径
43 中心領域径
44 中心領域
45 非中心領域
5 回転式培養容器
51 蓋体
510 通気フィルタ
52 容器本体
53 支柱
54 攪拌翼
540 磁石
6 培地
Claims (8)
- 略球形のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織であって、
多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の第1重心、または前記第1重心を中心とする前記多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の最長径(第1最長径)×0.2の径を有する同心球の内側の領域である重心領域、を通る任意の断面において、
前記断面の重心である第2重心を中心とし、前記断面の最長径(第2最長径)×0.4~0.9の径を有する同心円の内側の領域である中心領域に含まれる単位面積当たりのルブリシン発現量(中心ルブリシン量)と、前記中心領域の外側の非中心領域に含まれる単位面積当たりのルブリシン発現量(非中心ルブリシン量)との比が、
非中心ルブリシン量/中心ルブリシン量>1であり、前記断面の外周の5割以上の範囲にルブリシンが発現しており、ルブリシンが局在化したことを特徴とする、ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。 - 前記多能性幹細胞が、ES細胞、ntES細胞またはiPS細胞である、請求項1に記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
- 非中心ルブリシン量/中心ルブリシン量>1.3である、請求項1または2に記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織。
- 培地中で、多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織を、回転式培養装置を用いて60~95回転/分の攪拌速度で14日以上攪拌培養することで外周全方位からせん断力を負荷し、ルブリシンを局在化させる工程、を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のルブリシン局在軟骨様組織の製造方法。
- 前記工程において用いられる前記多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織の量が、100mg/30mL培地以下である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記培地が、TGFβ、BMP2及びGDF5を含む、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
- 前記培地が、HMG-CoA還元酵素阻害薬を含む、請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記工程の前後で、前記多能性幹細胞から誘導された軟骨様組織に対し、前記ルブリシン局在軟骨様組織のPRG4の発現量が3倍以上、上昇する、請求項4~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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