JP7178601B2 - insect attractant - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an insect attractant capable of effectively capturing flying insects. In particular, the present invention relates to an insect attractant suitable for a trap liquid of an insect trap, and relates to an insect attractant using vinegar as an active ingredient.

Drosophila suzukii is a well-known pest that wreaks havoc in the agricultural field. Around 2008, it invaded Europe and North America from its place of origin in East Asia, and is still causing enormous damage in these countries. Drosophila melanogaster lays its eggs on young fruit, such as blueberries and strawberries, before they reach maturity, so that the infested fruit is severely damaged during the pre-harvest stage. The economic loss is also significant, and is said to amount to 500 million dollars a year in North America and 3 million euros in Southern Europe.
Control of Drosophila melanogaster, like other pests, requires rapid application of insecticides upon discovery. However, depending on the number of spraying times and the timing of spraying, the market may refuse to accept the harvest due to residual pesticides at the time of shipment.
In recent years, consumers have become more aware of the safety of residual pesticides, and interest in biological pesticides has increased instead of general insecticides.In addition, various insect traps that can safely exterminate Drosophila melanogaster for humans have been developed and marketed. there is Therefore, various types of insect trap liquids (trap liquids) are used in insect traps or are commercially available. In addition, many studies have been published, such as research on improving insect trap liquids, and combinations of wine vinegar, wine, and beer, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1).

As a result of previous studies, several substances have been found in wine vinegar and wine that have an attractive effect on Drosophila. In particular, acetic acid, which is the main component of vinegar, is known to have a strong attracting effect (Patent Documents 1 and 2). Acetoin and diacetyl have also been reported to have a strong attracting effect (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3). Currently, using attractants such as acetic acid and acetoin contained in vinegar, vinegar is used as an attractant for agricultural pest insect traps and household Kobae insect traps (for example, Kobaehoihoi (registered trademark), etc.). are used (Patent Documents 3 to 5). Furthermore, it has been put to practical use as an attractant in a monitoring device for the occurrence of insect pests in the agricultural field.
Due to recent climate warming, pests are becoming more common in Japan, and safe pesticides, including biological pesticides, are being tried to exterminate pests. Among them, catching and controlling flying insects such as Drosophila with an insect trap is attracting attention as a new insect extermination method that does not use pesticides. This method does not use insecticides that are highly toxic to humans, and is simple and extremely safe for humans. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of this method of trapping and controlling insects, the development of a new and safe attractant is required. In particular, the development of new attractants centered on vinegars that are safe for humans is expected.

Patent No. 4536223 Patent No. 5248654 Retable No. 2008-062613 Retable No. 2008-062612 JP 2013-154170 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-233709

Naoki Akasaka 2015 doctoral dissertation "Development of functional vinegar using metabolically modified acetic acid bacteria" http://hdl. handle. net/10236/13861 Y. Ishii et al, Effective Trapping of Fruit Fies with Cultures of Metabolically Modified Acetic Acid Bacteria," Applied and Environmental Microbiol. 2015, 81(7), pp. 2265-2273 K. QIAN et al, Identification of Volatile Compounds From a Food-Grade Vinegar Attractive to House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) J. Am. Econ. Entomol. 106(2):979-987 (2013)

An object of the present invention is to provide an insect attractant and an insect attractant kit that use vinegar such as vinegar and have a high attracting effect for industrial use (agriculture, etc.) and household use, and are safe and have less unpleasant odor. do.

The present inventors have conducted research using the culture supernatant of acetic acid bacteria (vinegars) as an attractant material for insects (Non-Patent Document 1). Focusing on the fact that the composition of volatile components volatilized from the culture supernatant has a large effect on the attractability of insects, we investigated changes in the liquid properties (pH) of the culture supernatant and the composition of the volatile components. As a result, it was found that if the liquid properties (pH) of the culture supernatant changed, the composition of volatile components changed, and under the influence of this, the effect of trapping insects varied.
The inventors of the present invention believe that the main cause of variation in the insect trapping effect due to changes in the pH of vinegar is that acetic acid, which accounts for a high concentration of about 4%, becomes difficult to evaporate when the liquid property of vinegar changes from acidic to neutral. I found For example, vinegar itself has a pronounced acetic acid odor, but as the liquid is neutralized, the acetic acid odor becomes weaker, and it has been found that the acetic acid odor disappears at pH 6.5. In this way, it was found that the composition of volatile components changed depending on the liquid property of vinegar, and that the effect of trapping insects changed accordingly.
Therefore, the present inventors used GC-MS to confirm changes in the liquid properties (pH) of vinegar and changes in the composition of volatile components. It was shown that acetic acid almost disappeared in the odor, corresponding to the sensory change of odor.

In addition, it was thought that when vinegar becomes neutral and acetic acid is neutralized, acetic acid does not transpire, and the effect of attracting insects to fruit flies and the like disappears. However, unexpectedly, it was found that when the liquidity of vinegar becomes near neutral, the effect of trapping insects is greater than that of vinegar itself.
Therefore, the present researchers further investigated the correlation between the liquid property (pH) of vinegar and the insect trapping effect (number of insects trapped). As a result, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, it was found that if the pH is in the range of 4.5 to 6.5, the attracting effect is 2 to 4 times higher than that of the vinegar itself. The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved based on the above findings, and completed the present invention.

The gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) An insect attractant comprising vinegar adjusted to pH 4.5 to 6.5.
(2) An insect attractant comprising vinegar according to (1) above, having a pH adjusted to 5.5 to 6.5.
(3) The insect attractant comprising vinegar according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the vinegar is one or more selected from wine vinegar, apple cider vinegar, and rice vinegar.
(4) The insect attractant comprising vinegar according to (3) above, wherein the rice vinegar is black vinegar.
(5) The insect attractant comprising vinegar according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the insects are flies.

(6) An insect attractant production kit for obtaining the insect attractant according to (1) above, comprising vinegar and a pH adjuster,
At least the vinegar and the pH adjuster are in an isolated state in which they cannot react, and the pH of the mixed liquid in which the isolation state between the vinegar and the pH adjuster is eliminated at the time of use is from 4.5. 6.
A kit for producing an insect attractant that is 5.
(7) The kit for producing an insect attractant according to (6) above, wherein the vinegar is one or more selected from wine vinegar, apple cider vinegar, and rice vinegar.
(8) The kit for producing an insect attractant according to (7) above, wherein the rice vinegar is rice black vinegar.
(9) The kit for producing an insect attractant according to any one of (6) to (8) above, wherein the pH adjuster is an alkaline aqueous solution.
(10) The kit for producing an insect attractant according to (9) above, wherein the alkaline aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of one or more selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide.

(11) A method of attracting insects using vinegar adjusted to pH 4.5 to 6.5.
(12) A method of attracting insects using the vinegar of (11) above, wherein the pH is adjusted to 5.5 to 6.5.
(13) The method for attracting insects using vinegar according to (11) or (12) above, wherein the vinegar is one or more selected from wine vinegar, apple cider vinegar, and rice vinegar.
(14) The insect attracting method using vinegar according to (13) above, wherein the rice vinegar is black vinegar.
(15) The method of attracting insects using vinegar according to any one of (11) to (14) above, wherein the insects are flies.

The insect attractant of the present invention uses commercially available vinegar (pH 3 to 4 when not adjusted), and adjusts the liquid (pH) of vinegar to pH 4.5 near neutral by a simple and reliable method. It is a formulation that can be prepared by adjusting to ~6.5, and that the insect-attracting effect is improved by 2 to 4 times compared to commercially available vinegars before adjustment. The attractant of the present invention is characterized in that, unlike existing attractants whose main attractant is acetic acid, it is possible to control the pH to suppress the transpiration of acetic acid and to create a volatile component composition with higher attraction. There is Moreover, it is also characterized by exhibiting stable attractiveness for two weeks or longer. Based on the above characteristics of the insect attractant of the present invention, it is possible to provide an attractant that is safe, inexpensive, and effective over a long period of time as an insect repellent for flying insects such as fruit flies that damage fruits.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of GC-MS of three volatile components of pH-adjusted solutions of black vinegar S (pH 3.2, 5.5, 6.5). At pH 3.2 (unadjusted), a large amount of acetic acid is found in the volatiles. When the pH is neutralized to 5.5 near neutrality, the concentration of acetic acid in the volatile components is greatly reduced. At pH 6.5, the concentration of acetic acid in the volatile components almost disappeared. On the other hand, for acetoin, which is a neutral substance, the concentration of acetoin in the volatile components does not change whether the pH is acidic 3.2 or neutral 6.5. Therefore, the volatile component composition of the pH-adjusted solution of pH 6.5 contains an increased amount of neutral substances such as acetoin, which is completely different from the volatile component composition of the pH-adjusted solution of pH 3.2. A diagram showing the time-dependent change in the insect-trapping effect (number of insects trapped) of six types of pH-adjusted solutions of black vinegar S (pH 3.2, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5). is. With the pH-adjusted solution (pH 6.5), the number of trapped insects increased 6 to 7 days after installation of the insect trap. This is thought to reflect changes in the composition of volatile components. This change in composition is considered to be due to secondary fermentation due to contamination with foreign microorganisms, or due to evaporation and disappearance of repellent substances. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the number of trapped insects in the pH-adjusted liquid of black vinegar S on the 8th day after installation of the insect trapping container. It has been shown that the pH-adjusted solution of pH 4.5 to 6.5 has a 2- to 4-fold increase in insect trapping effect (the number of insects trapped) as compared to black vinegar S (unadjusted). FIG. 2 is a graph showing time-dependent changes in insect trapping effect of 6 types of pH-adjusted liquids similar to those in FIG. 1 prepared using a 5-fold dilution of black vinegar S. FIG. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the number of trapped insects in a pH-adjusted solution that is a 5-fold dilution of black vinegar S on the 8th day after installation of the insect trapping container. It has been shown that the pH-adjusted solution of pH 4.5-6.5 has a 2.5- to 3-fold increase in the effect of catching insects (the number of insects caught) compared to black vinegar S (unadjusted). FIG. 2 is a graph showing time-dependent changes in insect-trapping effect of six types of pH-adjusted solutions similar to those in FIG. 1 prepared using a 10-fold dilution of black vinegar S. FIG. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the pH adjusted solution of pH 4.5 to 6.5 is shown to increase the insect trapping effect (the number of insects caught) by 2 to 4 times that of black vinegar S (unadjusted). there is However, the rapid increase in insect trapping effect (number of trapped insects) of the pH-adjusted solution (pH 6.5) 6 to 7 days after installation of the insect trap was suppressed. This is probably because the black vinegar S was diluted 10 times, and the transpiration concentration of the volatile components decreased. The trapping experiment was carried out for two weeks, but the trapping effect (the number of insects trapped) continued without change.

The "vinegar" of the present invention refers to brewed vinegar (food vinegar), mixed vinegar containing brewed vinegar, or a diluted aqueous solution thereof, and has a liquidity (pH) in the range of pH 3 to 4. . Vinegars are not particularly limited, but commercially available vinegars can be used. Preferable examples include wine vinegar, fruit liquor such as apple cider vinegar, rice vinegar, rice black vinegar, black vinegar (kozu), grain vinegar such as barley black vinegar. More preferred examples of rice black vinegar include black vinegar S (manufactured by Marukansu Co., Ltd.), and examples of black vinegar include Chinjiang Kosu. If the dilution ratio of the dilute aqueous solution of vinegar is increased, the concentration of volatile components is decreased and the insect attracting effect (insect trapping effect) is decreased. At least, it is sufficient that the diluted aqueous solution of vinegar is in the liquid pH range of 3 to 4.
"Adjusting the pH to 4.5 to 6.5" in the present invention means neutralizing the original liquid property (pH 3 to 4) of vinegar with an alkaline aqueous solution and adjusting the liquid property to pH 4.5 to 6.5. means to adjust. As the insect attractant of the present invention, vinegar preferably has a pH of 5.0 to 6.5, more preferably 5.5 to 6.5.
The "alkaline aqueous solution" of the present invention means, for example, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide, and alkali metal compounds such as alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and potassium carbonate. It refers to an aqueous solution obtained by The alkaline concentration of the alkaline aqueous solution used is desirably high in order to avoid dilution due to neutralization. For example, it can be largely neutralized with a 10M alkaline aqueous solution and finely adjusted with a 5M alkaline aqueous solution and a 1M alkaline aqueous solution. Preferred alkaline aqueous solutions include sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, and lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, and more preferred is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
The term "insect" used in the present invention refers to harmful flying insects, and includes, for example, small fruit flies such as fruit flies and fruit flies, large flies such as house flies and blackflies, mosquitoes, moths, crane flies, and the like. . As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the insect attractant of the present invention is effective in trapping flies such as fruit flies and large flies such as house flies. there is Therefore, preferred insects include flies.

The "attractant" of the present invention refers to a preparation obtained by adding a necessary agent to a vinegar pH-adjusting liquid according to the purpose. For example, antibiotics ampicillin and kanamycin can be added at 1000-fold and 2000-fold dilutions, respectively, to avoid microbial contamination and proliferation. Alternatively, the antifungal agent can be diluted appropriately and added. Furthermore, alcohol or liquor containing alcohol can be added. As alcoholic beverages that can be added, desired ones containing ethanol such as beer, Japanese sake, and whiskey can be added. Alternatively, a known compound can be appropriately added as an insect attractant. In the present invention, more preferably, neutral attractants such as ketone compounds such as acetoin, diacetyl and acetone, ester compounds such as ethyl acetate, and alcohol compounds such as phenethyl alcohol and 3-methyl-1-butanol are added. be able to.
In addition, the attractant of the present invention stably maintains the attracting effect (trapping effect) of flying insects. This suggests that the insect attractants contained in the vinegar contain several substances that are liquid with a pH of 4.5 to 6.5 and easily transpireable, and the content of which is not very small. Therefore, by adding an attractant such as acetoin, the attracting effect (insect trapping effect) can be stably maintained.
The shape of the attractant is not particularly limited, but it may be an aqueous solution, and in order to facilitate handling, a gel may be added by adding a gelling agent, and porous paper, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, etc. It may be impregnated into a sponge-like material. As the gelling agent, a well-known natural or synthetic gelling agent is used, and a water-based gelling agent is particularly desirable. Natural gelling agents include carrageenan, gelatin, glue, agar, gum arabic, etc., and synthetic gelling agents include acrylic water-absorbing polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and sodium salt of CMC. The mixing ratio of the gelling agent in the insect attractant is preferably 0.01 to 10 w/v%, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 w/v%. The paper, woven fabric, or sponge-like material such as non-woven fabric is not particularly limited, and commercially available paper, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, or the like can be used.
When the insect attractant of the present invention is used for insecticidal purposes, the attractant of the present invention may contain an insecticidal active ingredient. Specific examples of this insecticidal active ingredient include diazinon, malathion, acephate, etofenprox, exrin, d-resmethrin, dl-resmethrin, permethrin, cyphenothrin, cypermethrin, allethrin, pinamineforte, bioallethrin, phthalthrin, sevin, oncor. . . The proportion of the insecticidal active ingredient in the insect attractant is preferably 0.05-30 w/v %, more preferably 0.1-20 w/v %.

The "production kit" of the present invention is an attracting kit comprising vinegar (pH 3 to 4), an alkaline aqueous solution or an alkali metal hydroxide, and water, at least the vinegar and the alkaline aqueous solution or the alkali hydroxide. The kit of metal and water is kept in an isolated state incapable of reacting, and the isolated state between the vinegar and the alkaline aqueous solution or the alkali metal hydroxide and the water kit can be eliminated at the time of use.
The components contained in the production kit of the present invention are the same as those of the insect attractant described above, and the blending ratio of each component is also the same as the blending ratio of each component of the insect attractant described above. Using the production kit of the present invention, the attractant of the present invention can be easily produced in the field of agriculture or at home without the help of special equipment such as a pH meter.
The "method for attracting insects" of the present invention is a method of attracting and removing pests by using the insect attractant of the present invention and installing an insect trap or the like holding it in the garden or kitchen of a farm or home. be. The type and structure of the insect trap are not particularly limited, and a commercially available insect trap or a self-made insect trap can be used. Since the insect attractant of the present invention has a high effect of attracting flies, the method of attracting insects of the present invention can also be used as a method of attracting flies.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples below, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Preparation of attractant by pH adjustment of vinegar (1) Reagents/vinegars: Black vinegar S (manufactured by Marukansu)
・Sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (10M/L, 5M/L)
(Method)
200 mL of black vinegar S was added to a 300 mL beaker, and ampicillin and kanamycin were added at 1,000-fold and 2,000-fold dilutions, respectively, in order to prevent growth of other fungi during the trapping experiment. Using a pH meter (F22, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.), the pH was adjusted to around 8.0 with a 10 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution while stirring with a stirrer. After that, fine adjustment was performed with a 5M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to adjust the pH to 8.5.
Similarly, pH adjusting solutions of pH 7.5, 6.5, 5.5 and 4.5 were prepared.

(Test Example 1) Insect catching experiment of attractant (1) Material/Insect trap solution: pH-adjusted solution of Example 1 and black vinegar S undiluted solution, 5 types in total.
・Insect trapping container: An insect trapping bottle adhesive sheet (11 cm x 20 cm) of Victor Fly Magnet (Woodstream) is installed inside the insect trapping bottle.
(2) Method 200 mL of the insect trap liquid was added to the insect trap bottle, and suspended about 1.5 m above the ground. Six insect trapping containers were installed at intervals of 7 to 8 m, and an outdoor insect trapping experiment was conducted (from September 26 to October 4). The types and numbers of insects captured by the adhesive sheet of the insect trap container were classified into fruit flies, large flies, mosquitoes, and moths, and counted.
(3) Results FIG. 1 shows changes in the number of trapped insects for 8 days with six types of pH-adjusted solutions. Table 1 and FIG. 2 below show the types and numbers of trapped insects on the 8th day after installation of the trapping container.

As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 3, in black vinegar S, the pH-adjusted solution in the pH range of 4.6 to 6.5 has a higher attracting property than the undiluted solution, and the insect-catching effect is higher than that of the undiluted black vinegar S. A 2- to 4-fold increase was shown.
In the case of the pH-adjusted solution (pH 6.5), the number of trapped insects increased 6 to 7 days after installation of the insect trap. This is thought to reflect changes in the composition of volatile components. It is not clear whether the reason for this is that among the volatile components that easily transpire at pH 6.5, the component that insects repel transpires and disappears, or that the composition of the volatile components has a higher attracting property.

Preparation of attractant by pH adjustment of vinegar dilution (5 times, 10 times) (1) Reagent / Vinegar: Black vinegar S (Made by Marukansu)
・Sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (10M/L, 5M/L)
(Method)
40 mL of black vinegar S and 160 mL of sterilized water are added to a 300 mL beaker and stirred with a stirrer to prepare a 5-fold diluted solution. Then, the pH was adjusted to around 8.0 with a 10M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. After that, fine adjustment was performed with a 5M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to adjust the pH to 8.5.
Similarly, pH-adjusted solutions of pH 7.5, 6.5, 5.5, and 4.5 were prepared by diluting the solution 5 times.
A pH-adjusted solution of 10-fold dilution was prepared in the same manner as described above.

(Test Example 2) Insect trapping experiment of attractant diluted with vinegar (5 times, 10 times) Using each of the six pH-adjusted solutions in Example 2, field insect trapping experiments were conducted in the same manner as in Test Example 1 ( 5-fold dilution: period from October 11 to October 20, 10-fold dilution: period from October 24 to November 2).
Fig. 1 shows changes in the number of trapped insects for 9 days with six types of pH-adjusted solutions. The types and numbers of trapped insects on the 8th day after installation of the trapping container are shown in Table 2 and FIG. 4 (5-fold dilutions) and Table 3 and FIG. 6 (10-fold dilutions).

As shown in Table 2 above, even if black vinegar S is diluted 5 times, the attractiveness of the pH adjusted solution in the range of pH 4.6 to 6.5 is 5 times diluted black vinegar S (unadjusted) It was shown to increase the insect trapping effect by 2.5 to 3 times.

As shown in Table 3 above, even with a 10-fold dilution of black vinegar S, the attractiveness of a pH-adjusted solution in the range of pH 4.6 to 6.5 is higher than that of a 10-fold dilution of black vinegar S (unadjusted). It was shown to be high and to increase the trapping effect by 2 to 4 times.
2 (undiluted solution), FIG. 4 (5-fold diluted solution), and FIG. 6 (10-fold diluted solution), in FIG. The rapid increase in From this dilution effect, it was suggested that the rapid increase in the attractant effect on the 6th to 7th days described above may be due to the decrease in the concentration of the insect repellent component in the volatile component composition due to dilution.
Furthermore, the period of the insect trapping experiment was extended, and the experiment was conducted for a total of two weeks, but the insect trapping effect was stably maintained.

The pH-adjusted attractant of vinegar (pH 4.5 to 6.5) of the present invention exhibits an insect attraction effect two to four times stronger than that of vinegar, and is a simple and safe insect attractant. Moreover, it was shown that the attraction effect is stable and lasts for a long time. Therefore, the insect attractant of the present invention can be easily used for industrial (agriculture, etc.) and household purposes, has a high attracting effect, and can newly provide an insect attractant with less unpleasant odor. Furthermore, the insect attractant of the present invention can be combined with a known attractant or a known insecticidal component, making it possible to provide a new method for exterminating agricultural pests.

Claims (2)

A method for attracting insects using black vinegar whose insect trapping effect is increased by 2 to 4 times,
a) mixing an alkaline aqueous solution with black vinegar,
b) A method for attracting insects using black vinegar, characterized by adjusting the pH of the black vinegar to pH 4.5 to 6.5. 2. The method of attracting insects using black vinegar according to claim 1, wherein the insects are flies .

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