JP2015091786A - Floral fragrance derived natural-enemy-insect attractant component and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition that has, even for natural-enemy-insects at hungry state which have low preferences for eating-damage strain, a high attractant effect for them and promotes the eating, thereby can enhance the efficiency of the pest-insect control.SOLUTION: Provided is a natural-enemy-insect attractant composition that contains flower-fragrance components, such as benzaldehyde, phenyl acetaldehyde, 2-amino benzaldehyde, and α-pinene, derived from floral fragrance of Komatsuna (spinach) or the like which the natural-enemy-insects, such as Cotesia vestalis and the like, that lay egg in pest-insects, such as diamondback moth, which damage cultivated plants such as Komatsuna, prefer even at hungry state.

Description

  The present invention relates to a natural enemy insect attracting component derived from a floral scent, and more particularly to a component that efficiently attracts natural enemy insects in a field and prompts the natural enemy insect to feed and its use. .

  In recent agriculture, chemical pesticides are widely used to control pests. On the other hand, the emergence of pests that have acquired resistance to chemical pesticides used, and in the environment such as food and farmland / water systems. There are various problems such as chemical pesticide residues. As an alternative to the use of such chemical pesticides, biological control methods (biological control) using organisms that are natural enemies of pests are being put into practical use at home and abroad. For biological control, (i) a method to improve the environment for protecting natural enemies (indigenous enemies) living in or around the field (indigenous enemies) (protection and strengthening of indigenous enemies), (ii) away from the field There is a method of releasing domestic and foreign natural enemies inhabiting the land, if necessary, and then releasing them to the field (release of introduced natural enemies).

  Parasitic bees, which are natural enemies that parasitize pests, use volatile components that are released significantly from plants only when the host pests feed on them as clues for host searches. Therefore, as a method for protecting and strengthening indigenous natural enemies, a method has been devised in which parasitic bees that inhabit the surrounding area are brought into the field by gradually releasing such volatile components of the plant (see Patent Document 1). .

  However, many female adults such as parasitic bees need to eat food such as nectar in a different place from the host while searching for the host. In the case of female adults of the parasitoid beetle, the moth Bee, which lays eggs on the cruciferous larvae of the cruciferous plant, the response to the above-mentioned predator-induced plant volatile components is reduced and not attracted when hungry (see Non-Patent Document 1). ). In addition, it has been reported that if not sufficiently fed, not only the lifespan is shortened but also the parasitic efficiency is lowered (see Non-Patent Document 2). These matters apply to both indigenous enemies and introduced natural enemies. The same applies to not only parasitic natural enemies (parasitic natural enemies) but also natural enemies that prey on pests (predatory natural enemies). That is, if there is no alternative food when the prey pests are exhausted, the natural enemy will not settle in the field, and as a result, a sufficient control effect will not be obtained when the next pest occurs.

JP-A-2005-272436 (released on October 6, 2005) JP-A-2006-149256 (released on June 15, 2006)

Kugimiya S, Shimoda T, Uefune M, Takabayashi J (2010) Applied Entomology and Zoology 45: 369-375 Mitsunaga T, Shimoda T, Yano E (2004) Applied Entomology andZoology, 39: 691-697 Kugimiya S, Shimoda T, Tabata J, Takabayashi J (2010) Journal of Chemical Ecology 36: 620-628

  Therefore, a technique for attracting and retaining natural enemies in the field by some method is required. There is already known a technique (see Patent Document 2) that activates the ability of natural enemies by installing artificial food sources in the field, but it has not been solved to attract hungry natural enemies efficiently.

  This invention is made | formed in view of said subject, The objective is to provide the technique which attracts a parasitic bee efficiently, promotes feeding, and improves the control of a pest efficiently.

  As a result of repeating trial and error based on a unique viewpoint, the present inventors have found that a component that attracts parasitic bees is included in the scent of flowers, and even if it is a single compound contained in this attracting component, parasitic bees It has been found that the plant can be attracted and the feeding can be promoted to control or prevent plant pests, and the present invention has been completed.

  That is, the present invention provides a composition for attracting natural enemy insects, and this composition is characterized by containing at least one component derived from a floral scent.

  The present invention also provides a composition for promoting feeding of natural enemy insects, and this composition is characterized by containing the above composition.

  The present invention further provides a composition for fixing natural enemy insects in or around the field, the composition comprising the above composition.

  In the composition described above, the natural enemy insect may be a parasitic insect or a predatory insect.

  The present invention provides a method for attracting natural enemy insects, the method comprising the step of placing the composition for attracting natural enemy insects in the vicinity of a feed source or mixed with a feed. It is a feature.

  The present invention also provides a method for facilitating feeding of natural enemy insects, the method comprising placing the composition for facilitating feeding of natural enemy insects in the vicinity of a feed source or mixed with the feed. It is characterized by including.

  The present invention further provides a method for fixing natural enemy insects in or around a field, and the method comprises the above-described composition for fixing natural enemy insects in or near a field or in the vicinity of a food source. And the step of mixing and arranging, or the step of arranging the composition in or around the field.

  In the above-described method, the natural enemy insect may be a parasitic insect or a predatory insect.

  The present invention provides a plant pest control agent, which is characterized by containing any one of the above-described compositions.

  The present invention provides a method for controlling or preventing plant pests, the method comprising applying the plant pest control agent in the vicinity of a plant to which adhesion of pests should be suppressed or eliminated, or in a field where the plant is grown. It is characterized by including the process of arrange | positioning inside or a peripheral part.

  The present invention provides a trap for trapping natural enemy insects, which is characterized by comprising any one of the above-described compositions and a trapping means for trapping attracted natural enemy insects.

  In the trap, the natural enemy insect may be a parasitic insect or a predatory insect.

  The present invention provides a method for screening an incense component that attracts natural enemy insects, and this method is a first step for examining the time when the target natural enemy insects have high foraging behavior; the time obtained in the first step And a second step of selecting an incense component with a high release amount; and a third step of confirming whether or not the selected incense component attracts a target natural enemy insect. The time period may be a temporal timing in a day or a seasonal timing in a year.

  In the method described above, the bait used in the first step is preferably an artificial preparation, but flowers themselves, nectar, pollen, honey and the like may be used.

  By using the natural enemy attracting component of the present invention, it is possible to attract the parasitic bees efficiently, which makes it possible to attract the parasitic bees regardless of the dietary conditions and to encourage the hungry individuals to feed. Effective biological control technology can be provided.

  Moreover, since the natural enemy attracting component of this invention originates in the scent of a flower, there are few bad influences on a natural environment, and it can contribute to environmental conservation.

It is a figure which shows the preference of the parasitic bee with respect to a Komatsuna eating damage strain. It is a figure which shows the preference of the parasitic bee with respect to a Komatsuna inflorescence. It is a figure which shows the daily fluctuation | variation of the discharge | release amount of a Komatsuna floral incense component. It is a figure which shows the diurnal variation of the action which a parasitic bee visits a Komatsuna flower. It is a figure which shows that a parasitic bee is attracted to a food source by a Komatsuna floral incense component. It is a figure which shows that the parasitism rate of the parasitic bee to the diamondback moth growing on a damage strain is arrange | positioned by arrange | positioning the apparatus which releases a Komatsuna floral incense ingredient in the vicinity. It is a figure which shows that not only a parasitic natural enemy insect but a predatory natural enemy insect can be efficiently captured with the trap for capture which releases a Komatsuna floral incense ingredient gradually.

[1] Floral and incense components When a plant is damaged by pests, it induces and releases natural enemy attracting components, thereby attracting the natural enemies of the harmful insects and, as a result, preventing damage from the pests. There is known an “inductive indirect defense strategy” using a plant-pest-natural enemy interaction (Patent Document 1, etc.). The pests targeted by some natural enemy insects are well known in the art, for example, the long-horned beetle is a natural enemy to the long-horned beetle. Patent Document 1 discloses a natural enemy attracting component released by plants that have been damaged by diamondback moths. The natural enemy attracting component disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a substance in which a plurality of compounds are mixed, and these alone cannot attract beetles.

  In the present invention, in order to attract natural enemy insects, components derived from the scent of flowers are used instead of natural enemy attracting components released from the leaves of damaged plants. As used herein, “component derived from floral scent” is used interchangeably with “flower scent component” and may be a “natural” compound extracted from the scent of “natural flowers” Alternatively, it may be a compound artificially synthesized by a known method. In addition, it is very difficult to visually distinguish different species of minute parasitic bees that look similar to each other and move quickly, and which species fly to where, which flowers are attracted, or which flowers It has been extremely difficult to track in the field whether or not it is used as a food source.

  As used herein, the term “natural enemy insect” is intended to include parasitic insects and predatory insects, where parasitic insects or parasitic moths are preferred, parasitic bees are more preferred, Most preferred. In addition, as predatory insects, ladybirds are more preferable, and Himekamenokotento are most preferable. Natural enemy insects may be natural enemies (indigenous enemies) that live in or around the field, or domestic and foreign natural enemies (introduced natural enemies) that inhabit the land away from the field. Can be allowed to grow and then released to the field.

  When attracting the longhorn beetle, the flower of the Brassicaceae plant is preferably used. Brassicaceae plants used in the present invention include Brassica, Arabidopsis, and Rorippa. Brassica rapa (Komatsuna, Brassica, Mizuna, Chinese cabbage, etc.) is preferable, and Komatsuna is more preferable. Examples of the floral component of Komatsuna suitably used in the present invention include benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-aminobenzaldehyde, α-pinene, (E, E) -α-furesene, (Z) -3-hexenyl acetate, limonene, ( E) -β-cymene, linalool oxide, prenylacetone, geranylacetone, (Z, Z) -α-furnesene, (Z, E) -α-furnesene, (E, Z) -α-furnesene, farnesal and the like. And a compound selected from the group consisting of α-pinene, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-aminobenzaldehyde, prenylacetone, geranylacetone, and (E, E) -α-furnesene is preferred, and benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, 2- Aminobenzaldehyde (S) -α-pinene and (E, E) -α-furenecene are more preferable. These compounds, even when used alone or in combination, can also successfully attract hungry rice beetles and chickworms.

  The above-mentioned scent component can be extracted / purified according to a known method by collecting the atmosphere around the flowering plant. In addition, the fragrance component is not limited to a compound extracted / purified from the atmosphere around a flowering plant, and a compound having the same chemical structure may be artificially synthesized according to a known synthesis method. In particular, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, (Z) -3-hexenyl acetate, limonene, and geranyl acetone can be produced and / or obtained at low cost, and thus are preferably used in the present invention.

[2] Utilization of floral incense component [2-1] Attracting natural enemy insects and controlling / preventing harmful insects The present invention provides a composition for attracting natural enemy insects, and the composition comprises at least one floral incense component. It is characterized by containing. Since the natural enemy insects can be attracted by using the present invention, it is possible to efficiently control the pests that are targets of the natural enemy insects. That is, the present invention also provides a plant pest control agent, which is characterized in that it contains the above-mentioned floral incense component or a composition for attracting natural enemy insects.

  By using the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of agricultural chemicals used in large quantities for pest control, and to avoid the adverse effects of agricultural chemicals on the environment. Therefore, the present invention can be expected to have a great ripple effect agriculturally and / or socially.

  The plant pest control agent of the present invention may contain not only the above-mentioned floral scent component but also a subcomponent. Examples of the accessory component include a pH buffer solution, a stabilizer, an antibacterial agent, and an antibiotic. Further, in order to prevent the use of food by insects other than natural enemy insects, an agrochemical or the like that does not work on parasitic bees but selectively works only on pests may be added as appropriate.

  The plant pest control agent may be prepared by adjusting the flower fragrance component at an optimum ratio and optimum concentration. When diluted, the medium may be aqueous or organic, and when an organic medium is used, it is preferably a substance that does not adversely affect plant growth. Examples of such a medium include triethyl citrate (hereinafter referred to as TEC). If a low volatility medium such as TEC is used, the odor of a solvent other than the incense component of the present invention is less likely to volatilize, and the attractiveness of natural enemies is not masked. In addition, the natural enemy attracting component can be gradually released by a low-volatile medium. Therefore, if a low-volatile medium is used, the attractiveness of natural enemies can be further increased for a long time.

  In addition, in embodiment which is targeting on the Japanese white-eye beetle and Himemenokotenta, the plant pest control agent of the present invention may further include compounds described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 3.

  The present invention also provides a method for attracting natural enemy insects, the method comprising arranging the composition for attracting natural enemy insects at a desired position, It is possible to efficiently control pests by arranging them in the vicinity of plants that may be damaged by pests, or by arranging them in or around the field where the plants are grown. That is, the present invention provides a method for controlling or preventing plant pests, the method comprising disposing the above-mentioned plant pest control agent in the vicinity of a plant where adhesion of pests should be suppressed or eliminated, or It includes a step of arranging the plant in or around the field where the plant is cultivated.

  The plant to which the present invention is applied is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include edible plants, horticultural crops including fruits and vegetables, flowers and trees, and other effective trees, craft crops, and fertilizer crops. . In the embodiment targeting the Japanese white bee, examples of the plant to which the present invention is applied include rape, komatsuna, cabbage, mizuna, turnip, Chinese cabbage, Japanese radish, horseradish, mustard, nazuna, and the like. The present invention can also be applied to fruits or vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, melons and peppers. Plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family are preferred as plants that may be damaged by the Japanese white-eye, which is the target of the Japanese common beetle, Komatsuna, Mizuna, Japanese radish, Kyona, Japanese beech, Brassica, mustard, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Japanese radish, turnip, etc. Is more preferable. The long-necked moth larva prefers to eat the cruciferous plants, so that the yield of all the above-mentioned plants decreases due to the attachment of the insects. In an embodiment directed to the Japanese apricot tent beetle, as a plant to which the present invention is applied, as a crop that may be damaged by aphids that are the target of the Japanese lentil, a tomato, cucumber, melon, eggplant, Fruit vegetables such as bell peppers or fruits can be mentioned, and besides these, the present invention can also be applied to leaf vegetables such as Komatsuna, cabbage, Mizuna, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, spinach, and chrysanthemum. By applying the present invention to these plants, the attachment of pests can be suppressed or eliminated, so that a high yield can be obtained.

  The step of arranging the plant pest control agent in the vicinity of the plant or in or around the field where the plant is cultivated is performed from the filled container (spray etc.) toward the plant to which the present invention is applied. Even if it is realized by spraying a plant pest control agent, from the holding carrier that imparts sustained release properties, in the vicinity of the plant to which the present invention is applied or in or around the field where the plant is grown It may be realized by diffusing the plant pest control agent. In the latter case, absorbent cotton, sponge or the like infiltrated with the plant pest control agent is installed in the vicinity of the plant to be applied or in or around the field where the plant is cultivated. The pest control agent may be evaporated. Moreover, you may install the said pest control agent for plants which enclosed in the polyvinyl chloride and ensured sustained release property. When the target plant is cultivated in a semi-enclosed system such as a house or greenhouse, the above plant pest control agent is transported to the vicinity of the target plant by air conditioning or inside or around the field where the plant is cultivated. By doing so, the plant pest control agent can be evenly diffused, and an environment in which natural enemy insects can be easily attracted can be provided. As a result, adhesion of pests can be suppressed or eliminated.

  Thus, for example, if the present invention is applied to an edible crop, the amount of agricultural chemicals applied to control pests can be reduced, and a highly safe crop for the human body can be harvested. it can. In addition, it is possible to realize agriculture with less adverse effects on the natural environment.

  Agricultural crops cultivated without pesticides or cultivated with reduced amounts of pesticides have been recognized by consumers for added value. As described above, the present invention contributes to environmental conservation and leads to the establishment of control means with less burden on the farm worker, and can contribute to the development and activation of sustainable agriculture in the region.

  In the plant pest control agent of the present invention, the optimal concentration and mixing ratio of the compound (flower scent component) contained for attracting natural enemy insects can be determined using a conventionally known method for examining the attractiveness of natural enemy insects. It can be set appropriately. For example, in the embodiment directed to the Japanese beetle, Himemenokotento, as described above, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-aminobenzaldehyde, α-pinene, (E) -β-osymene, which are the floral components of Komatsuna. , (E, E) -α-furnesene, (Z) -3-hexenyl acetate, limonene, linalool oxide, prenylacetone, geranylacetone, (Z, Z) -α-furnesene, (Z, E) -α-furnesene , (E, Z) -α-farnesene and farnesal are preferably used. Such a floral incense component is suitably used in the present invention in a concentration range of 100 mg / L or more when TEC is used as a medium. When a medium other than TEC is used, the concentration range of the fragrance component may be appropriately designed in consideration of the volatility of the medium used. A method for examining the attractiveness of natural enemy insects includes, but is not limited to, a selection room experiment described in Patent Document 1, for example.

[2-2] Feeding and establishment of natural enemy insects The composition for attracting natural enemy insects according to the present invention may be used in combination with a food source. Thereby, feeding to a hungry natural enemy insect can be promoted. That is, the present invention provides a composition for promoting feeding of natural enemy insects, and the present composition is characterized by containing the above-mentioned floral incense component or a composition for attracting natural enemy insects.

  In the method for attracting natural enemy insects according to the present invention, feeding a hungry natural enemy insect can be promoted by arranging a composition for attracting natural enemy insects in the vicinity of the food source. That is, the present invention provides a method for facilitating feeding of natural enemy insects, the method comprising mixing a composition for attracting natural enemy insects in the vicinity of the food source and optionally with the food source. It is characterized by including the process of arrange | positioning.

  The step of arranging the composition for attracting natural enemy insects in the vicinity of the food source may be realized by arranging the composition with the food source in the vicinity of the target plant to which the above-mentioned plant pest control agent is applied. . Moreover, when mixing and using the said composition with a bait source, the aspect which mixes and uses the individual incense component which comprises the said composition in a bait source may be sufficient. The feed source is preferably configured by infiltrating natural enemy insect feed into a member made of fiber, paper, sponge, or the like, and the feeding device described in Patent Document 2 is suitably used in the present invention. The ingredients constituting the food source may be appropriately selected depending on the type of natural enemy insect to be fed, and include, but are not limited to, honey, sucrose, glucose, fructose and the like. Most preferably, the ingredient constituting the bait source is an aqueous solution of honey (eg, astragalus honey), and the concentration is preferably 10 to 50%, more preferably 20 to 50%.

  Further, by promoting feeding of natural enemy insects, natural enemy insects can be fixed in or around the field. That is, the present invention provides a composition for fixing natural enemy insects in or around a field, and the composition contains a composition for attracting natural enemy insects. The present invention also provides a method for fixing natural enemy insects in or around a field, and the method comprises the above composition for fixing natural enemy insects in or near a field or in the vicinity of a food source. It is characterized by including the step of mixing and arranging with bait.

  Conventionally, it has been difficult for natural enemy insects such as parasitic bees to survive for a long time in fields and greenhouses. However, using the present invention can encourage hungry individuals to feed, The feeding time of natural enemy insects can be promoted even during the non-flowering time period in Japan, or the period of non-flowering in one year), so that the survival period of natural enemy insects can be extended.

[2-3] Capture of natural enemy insects The composition for attracting natural enemy insects according to the present invention may be used in combination with a capture means for capturing the attracted natural enemy insects. That is, the present invention provides a system (capture trap) for capturing natural enemy insects, and the present composition captures the above-mentioned floral incense component, or a composition for attracting natural enemy insects, and attracted natural enemy insects. It is characterized by being provided with the capture means to do.

  Estimate in advance how many natural enemies are inhabiting the agro-ecosystem of the land to be controlled when controlling pests using native Japanese enemies such as the Japanese beetle, Himeame no Tententou. is necessary. Such estimation is performed by measuring the density of natural enemies. By using the capture trap of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently estimate the density of natural enemy insects in the land where pests are to be controlled, thus contributing to agriculture with reduced or no agricultural chemicals using native natural enemy insects. be able to.

  The natural enemy insects to be captured are not particularly limited, but are preferably parasitic bees and ladybirds, more preferably parasitoids among the parasitic bees, and particularly preferable among the ladybirds. The above-mentioned floral incense component effectively attracts parasite bees and ladybirds, especially the moth beetle and chickworm beetle, among the natural enemy insects. According to the above configuration, the moth beetle and chickworm beetle are effective. Can be attracted and captured to estimate population density.

  The capturing means is not particularly limited as long as it captures the attracted natural enemy insects. The capturing means suitably used in the present invention is the adhesive sheet described in Patent Document 1 (for example, trade name: HORIVER). (Distributor: Arista Life Science)). By using the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet such as the horivar, the attracted natural enemy insects can be captured by the adhesiveness. In addition, if a container with a structure that cannot be easily escaped to the outside once it has entered the interior, the enemy enemy is kept alive without using an adhesive sheet by attracting the enemy enemy to the inside of the container. Can be captured. As a result, the captured natural enemy insect can be released again.

  Furthermore, in order to make the capturing means even more effective, the capturing means may be yellow. Since yellow is a color preferred by some insects, it can attract natural enemy insects more effectively by using it as a capturing means. The above “yellow” is a color that satisfies 20 ≦ L * ≦ 100, −30 ≦ a * ≦ 30, and b * ≧ 20 in the L * a * b * color system chromaticity. The color is preferably 40 ≦ L * ≦ 80, −20 ≦ a * ≦ 20, and b * ≧ 40. (same as below).

  In addition, when capturing natural enemy insects and estimating the population density, if other large insects are captured, the number of captured natural enemy insects will be adversely affected, preventing accurate population density estimation. There is a fear. Therefore, the capture trap according to the present invention is preferably provided with a selective blocking means in order to prevent other than the target natural enemy insects from being captured. Here, the “selective blocking means” refers to natural enemy insects to be trapped as a result of allowing trapped natural enemy insects to pass through and selectively blocking other creatures and / or inanimate objects such as garbage. Means that the capture means captures only efficiently.

  The selective blocking means may have an opening having a predetermined size. If the selective blocking means has an opening of a predetermined size, an insect or the like that is so large that it cannot pass through the opening can be blocked by encapsulating the capturing means with the selective means. In this way, the living organism and / or inanimate object to be passed can be selectively blocked depending on the size of the opening. Here, the opening is preferably large enough to allow a natural enemy insect to be captured to pass therethrough and small so that a living organism and / or an inanimate object to be blocked cannot pass through. The size of the opening is, for example, preferably 0.8 mm × 0.8 mm or more and 10 mm × 30 mm or less, more preferably 0.8 mm × 0.8 mm or more, and 10 mm × 10 mm or less when capturing a Japanese beetle. 0.8 mm × 0.8 mm or more and 1 mm × 1 mm are more preferable. As a result, it is possible to selectively block other large insects while allowing the long-tailed bee to pass through without hindrance. In the case of capturing cypress lentils, it is preferably 5 mm × 5 mm or more and 10 mm × 30 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm × 5 mm or more and 7 mm × 7 mm or less. Examples of such selective blocking means include a wire mesh or net having an appropriate size. Further, the selective blocking means may be yellow like the capturing means.

  In addition, as described above, if the composition for promoting feeding of natural enemy insects of the present invention is used together with a food source, the survival period of natural enemy insects can be extended. The natural enemy insects are captured using the capture trap of the present invention and maintained for a certain period of time, and then propagated as necessary, and then released to the target field (release of introduced natural enemies). Become.

[3] Screening of natural enemy insect attractants As shown in the examples described later, it has been found that the floral incense component used in the present invention tends to be released in a period when the feeding behavior of natural enemy insects is active. Based on this finding, it can be used to attract hungry natural enemy insects by paying attention to compounds that are released frequently during periods when the foraging behavior of natural enemy insects is active. That is, the attracting substance of natural enemy insects can be easily identified.

  The present invention provides a method for screening an incense component that attracts natural enemy insects, and this method is a first step for examining the time when the target natural enemy insects have high foraging behavior; the time obtained in the first step And a second step of selecting an incense component with a high release amount; and a third step of confirming whether or not the selected incense component attracts a target natural enemy insect.

  The first step is preferably performed by examining the temporal variation in the frequency of the foraging behavior of the target natural enemy insect, and the bait used for determining the frequency of the foraging behavior of the target natural enemy insect is natural. It may be a product or an artificial preparation, but if it is an artificial preparation, the above will occur regardless of the flowering time of the plant (the time of flowering in a day or the period of flowering in a year) It is possible to examine changes over time. In addition, when the natural enemy insects can be sufficiently traced visually, the foraging behavior may be observed directly in the field.

  The method further includes a second step of selecting an incense component with a high release amount at the time obtained in the first step. The second step is a change over time in the amount of release of the candidate incense component (diurnal nature of the incense component) and a change over time in the frequency of foraging behavior of the target natural enemy insect (for example, timing of flower visit) And the floral incense component showing the peak of the amount of release that coincides with the peak of the frequency of foraging behavior of natural enemy insects may be selected. In order to perform this method, it is preferable that the change over time of the release amount of various fragrance components derived from various flowers has been examined in advance. You may further include the process of investigating the fluctuation | variation with time of the discharge | release amount of each floral incense component. In addition, when the incense component screened by this method is used in a method for attracting, feeding or colonizing natural enemy insects, the incense component that is not screened by this method (for example, incense that has always been released in a certain amount regardless of time) Ingredients or incense ingredients not selected in the second step) may be used by mixing with incense ingredients screened by this method.

  The method further includes a third step of examining whether or not the target natural enemy insect is actually attracted by the selected incense component and identifying a substance that attracts the target natural enemy insect.

  The plant from which the fragrance ingredient to be screened by the present invention is not particularly limited, and as described above, edible plants, fruits and vegetables, horticultural crops including flowers and trees and other effective trees, craft crops, and fertilizer crops Etc. In the embodiment for the Japanese white bee, it may be Mizuna, Japanese radish, Kyuna, Japanese beech, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Japanese radish, turnip and the like, and the flowering time is not particularly limited.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims, and embodiments obtained by appropriately combining the respective technical means disclosed are also included in the present invention. Included in the technical scope.

[1] Attracting test by harmful strains Komatsuna (harmful strain) that suffers from damage and Komatsuna (non-harmful strain) that does not suffer from damage are placed apart from the wall in the selection box (30 x 35 x 25 cm). did. Ten adult females (3 to 10 days old) were released at the midpoint between the two kinds of Komatsuna mentioned above. As a hungry parasitic bee, a parasitic bee which was transferred to a test tube about 15 hours before the experiment and given absorbent cotton containing only distilled water was used. Similarly, the parasitic bees that were transferred to the test tube and given the absorbent cotton containing honey were used as the fed parasitic bees. The number of parasitic bees that fell on the above-mentioned or non-feeding strains for 30 minutes was examined. This was repeated 6 times for each sample of the same combination, and the position (left and right) of the sample was exchanged for each repetition, and data of 60 heads were collected.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the fed parasitoids were significantly more favored and localized to the damaging strains, whereas the preference for hungry parasitoids was not significantly different.

[2] Attraction test with flowers The inflorescences of Komatsuna that have not suffered damage and the branch of flowers of Komatsuna that have not suffered damage (excluding flowers) are separated from the wall in the selection box (30 x 35 x 25 cm) Arranged. Ten adult females (3 to 10 days old) of the parasitic bee werep were released at the midpoint between the inflorescence and the flower branch. The number of parasitic bees that fell on the inflorescence or the flower branch in 30 minutes was examined. This was repeated 6 times for each sample of the same combination, and the position (left and right) of the sample was exchanged for each repetition, and data of 60 heads were collected.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the hungry parasitoid was significantly favored and localized to the inflorescence, while the fed parasitoid wasp showed no preference for the inflorescence. In addition, the results shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate that the parasitic bee switches between host search and food search depending on whether the person is full or hungry, and uses different information. It was suggested.

[3] Method for collecting floral fragrance and collected components From the results described above, it was speculated that flowers have a factor that significantly attracts hungry parasitic bees. Therefore, in order to investigate whether the scent of the flower contains the above factors, the scent of the flower was collected from the inflorescences of Komatsuna collected in the field. Specifically, the inflorescences of Komatsuna were collected in a field and put in a jug in a collection container (separable flask) with two mouths on the lid. One mouth was connected to a silica gel and activated carbon filter so that clean air could flow in. An adsorption tube filled with an adsorbent (Tenax, 100 mg) was attached to the other port, and the tip was connected to a suction pump. The volatile component (flower scent component) of the flower released into the head space in the collection container was drawn into the adsorption pipe by a pump from the downstream, and the scent component was collected.

[4] Attraction test by floral scent collecting component The floral scent component of Komatsuna inflorescence was collected by the above method, and the adsorbed component was re-eluted with ether to prepare a sample of the floral scent component. A microtube filled with absorbent cotton was placed in the center of the artificial flower made of paper, and the eluate of the floral incense component was applied to it and used for the attraction test. The attraction test was conducted by two-choice experiment. A pseudo flower coated with a scented sample is fixed to one wall in the selection box (30 × 35 × 25 cm), and a pseudo flower coated only with ether is fixed to the opposite wall as a control zone. The number of parasitic bees that fell on each pseudo flower in 30 minutes was examined by releasing 10 female adults of the parasitoid wasp. This was repeated 6 times for each sample of the same combination, and the position of the sample (left and right) was changed for each repetition.

[5] Parasitic bee attractivity of daytime or nighttime floral scents To examine the preference of parasitoid bees against daytime or nighttime floral scents of Komatsuna, from the inflorescences of Komatsuna collected in the field, the daytime The flower scent (i) and night flower scent (ii) collected according to the procedure described above were re-eluted and applied to the pseudo flowers (pseudo flowers 1 and 2, respectively). As a control (iii) without flower scent, ether of elution solvent was applied to the pseudo flower (pseudo flower 3).

  Two pseudo flowers 1 to 3 were placed apart from the wall in the selection box (30 × 35 × 25 cm). From those midpoints, 10 hungry parasitoid wasps (3-10 days old) were released. The number of parasitic bees that fell on each pseudo flower in 30 minutes was examined. This was repeated 6 times for each sample of the same combination, and the position (left and right) of the sample was exchanged for each repetition, and 60 data were collected.

  As shown in Table 3, parasitic bees showed a significant preference for daytime floral scent (pseudoflower 1) over control (pseudoflower 3), but nocturnal floral scent (pseudoflower 2). Showed no preference for. When the daytime scent (pseudoflower 1) and the nighttime scent (pseudoflower 2) were presented simultaneously, the parasitic bees showed a significant preference for the daytime scent.

[6] Chemical analysis of floral incense component The floral incense component collected by the adsorbent was analyzed by a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS). As fragrance components of Komatsuna, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-aminobenzaldehyde, α-pinene, (E, E) -α-furescene, (Z) -3-hexenyl acetate, limonene, (E) -β-osimene, linalool Oxides, prenylacetone, geranylacetone, (Z, Z) -α-furnesene, (Z, E) -α-furnesene, (E, Z) -α-furnesene, farnesal and the like were identified. Among these, as shown in FIG. 3, α-pinene, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-aminobenzaldehyde, prenylacetone, geranylacetone, and (E, E) -α-furnesene increase in the amount released in the daytime. It became clear (1 to 7 in the figure). In addition, no significant diurnal variation was observed in the release amounts of (Z) -3-hexenyl acetate and linalool oxide, which were demonstrated in Patent Document 1 to attract parasitic bees (a and b in the figure, respectively).

[7] Attraction test by single component Among the above-identified components, commercially available ones were prepared as diluted solutions of TEC, and applied to the center of the above-described pseudo flower. As a scent-free control, only TEC was applied to the pseudo flower.

  The sample pseudo flower and the control pseudo flower were placed apart from the wall in the selection box (30 × 35 × 25 cm). From the midpoint between the sample and the control, 10 hungry parasitoid wasps (3-10 days old) were released. The number of parasitic bees that fell on the sample or the control in 30 minutes was examined. This was repeated 6 times for each sample of the same combination, and the position (left and right) of the sample was exchanged for each repetition, and 60 data were collected.

  As shown in Table 4, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-aminobenzaldehyde, (1S) -α-pinene, and (E, E) -α-furnesene are hungry parasites even when used alone. It was shown to attract bees.

  Patent Document 1 discloses that short-chain aliphatic aldehydes attract parasitic bees, but these are completely different in structure and function from the aromatic aldehydes shown in Table 4. Moreover, Patent Document 1 describes that when a single compound is used alone as a parasitic bee attracting component, there is no natural enemy attracting property, and there exists a natural enemy attracting component that can function alone. This is beyond the expectation of those skilled in the art.

  Further, Non-Patent Document 3 discloses terpene compounds such as limonene, (E) -β-cymene, (1R) -α-pinene, (1S) -α-pinene, (E, E) -α-furnesene. It is disclosed that it does not attract parasitic bees when used alone. Based on this disclosure, there are terpene compounds that attract parasitoids only when hungry, and hungry parasitoids are also attracted to single terpene compounds and single aromatic compounds. Is beyond the expectation of those skilled in the art.

[8] Observation of parasitoid flower visits It was found that the amount of flower incense that increases in the daytime varies with time (Fig. 3). Therefore, the timing of parasitic bees that stopped by the flowers (visited) was examined indoors. Specifically, 10 adult females (3 days old) of the parasitoid beetle Samurai was released in the box (30 x 35 x 25 cm) before turning off the previous day, and three inflorescences of Komatsuna were put on the next day. The number of times a parasitic bee visits after being placed in the box and turned on (6 am) was counted every 30 minutes. The average of the values obtained by repeating three times was calculated. As a result, it was found that parasitic bees frequently visit flowers from 6 am to 9 am immediately after lighting (FIG. 4). In particular, this timing is almost coincident with the timing at which the release amount of benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-aminobenzaldehyde and α-pinene increases, and in particular, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-aminobenzaldehyde and α-pinene. Suggests that it is more attractive to hungry parasitic bees.

[9] Attraction to a food source by aroma A pseudo flower was placed in a selection box (30 × 35 × 25 cm), and a microtube was disposed as a food source in the center. Absorbent cotton was filled in the microtube, and a saturated solution of sucrose was applied thereto.

  A microtube filled with absorbent cotton was prepared separately, and 100 μL each of a TEC diluted solution of benzaldehyde and phenylacetaldehyde (100 mg / L each) was fixed to the body of the artificial flower. Thereafter, 10 hungry female parasitoid bees (3 to 10 days old) were released into the chamber, and the time until they contacted the pseudo flower as a food source was measured. The test was terminated in 15 minutes, and this was repeated 5 times, so that a total of 50 parasitic bees were used for the scented food source (solid line in FIG. 5).

  As a control experiment, 200 μL of TEC alone was applied to absorbent cotton in a microtube fixed to the base of the pseudo flower instead of the dilution liquid, and the time until the parasitic bee contacted the pseudo flower was measured in the same manner. The test was aborted in 15 minutes, and this was repeated 5 times, so that a total of 50 parasitic bees were used for the unscented food source (dotted line in FIG. 5).

  As shown in FIG. 5, 35 out of 50 parasitoids reached a scented food source (pseudoflower), while the number of parasitoids that reached a non-scented food source was significantly less. , 18 out of 50, only about half of the scented. As described above, by using the incense component of the present invention, a hungry parasitic bee can be successfully guided to a food source.

[10] Effect of flower fragrance on target infestation Parasitoid beetles (100 adult females) were released into the field of Komatsuna. The next day, Komatsuna pot strains (feeding strains) that had been fed for 30 days by 30 second instar larvae were placed between the paddles in the field. Simultaneously with the arrangement of the pesticidal strain, a device for sustained release of the fragrance component (controlled release device) was placed near the damaging strain. The sustained release device is a glass vial in which 10 mL of a TEC diluted solution of benzaldehyde and phenylacetaldehyde (each 1 mg / L) is filled, and a fiber core is packed in the opening.

  Three days later, the damaging strain was recovered. About the damage strain (treated strain) in which the device for sustained release was placed in the vicinity, the koga growing on the strain was subsequently bred indoors, and the number of parasitoid moths and the number of koga moths that appeared were counted, The parasitic rate was calculated. This was repeated 6 times, and the average value and standard error of the obtained values were calculated.

  As a control experiment, only the pesticidal strain was left without placing the above-mentioned sustained release device, and the parasite rate calculation was repeated 6 times in the same manner as the treated strain for the pesticidal strain recovered after 3 days (control strain). The average value and standard error of the obtained values were calculated. In the same Komatsuna field, the treated strain and the control strain were alternately placed at equal intervals.

  As a result, the parasitic rate in the treated strain tended to be slightly higher than the parasitic rate in the control strain (FIG. 6).

  In this way, the scent of flowers can be said to show the effect of attracting parasitic bees just by placing them in the vicinity of plants that should suppress or eliminate the attachment of pests, even in open spaces such as fields. . In addition, this effect does not prevent attraction of parasitic bees by parasitic strains and infestation of the target by parasitic bees, thus realizing effective control of pests.

[11] Effect of attracting and capturing parasitic and predatory natural enemy insects using the scent of flowers Parasitic beaks (100 adult females) were released into a weed field. The next day, an adhesive trap plate was placed between the fields. The above-mentioned sustained release device was disposed in the vicinity of half of the installed adhesive trap plates (processing trap). The controlled release device was not placed in the vicinity of the remaining adhesive trap plate, and was used as a control (control trap).

  Three days later, the adhesive trap plate was collected and the number of trapped parasitic bees was counted. This was repeated 12 times, and the average value and standard error of the obtained values were calculated.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the parasitic bees (a in the figure) tended to be trapped twice as much in the treatment trap. Not only that, but also the Himeame-no-Mako Tento (b in the figure) that had been in the field before releasing the parasitic bees tended to be captured by the treatment trap. With respect to Himekamenokotenta, 8 times of repeated data were obtained, and the average value and standard error of the number of captured individuals were calculated.

  Thus, it can be said that the scent of flowers shows the effect of attracting not only parasitic natural enemy insects but also predatory natural enemy insects even in open spaces such as outdoor fields. Can also be used. That is, the present invention is not limited to being used for parasitic insects, but can be suitably used for predatory insects.

  Since a scented component of a flower growing in a familiar environment is a main active ingredient, it is possible to reduce a load newly added to the environment. In addition, since the composition itself does not have insecticidal properties against pests, and it achieves pest control through natural enemy insects, it is clearly different from chemically synthesized pesticides in terms of action mechanism and effect. Difficult to develop pesticide drug resistance. As described above, the present invention is not limited to the agricultural field and can be expected to have a great social ripple effect. Fields of application of the present invention include agriculture, agrochemical (particularly biopesticidal) related industries, or perfume manufacturing related industries.

Claims (10)

  A composition for attracting natural enemy insects, comprising at least one component derived from a floral scent.   A composition for promoting feeding of natural enemy insects, comprising the composition according to claim 1.   A composition for fixing a natural enemy insect in or around a field, comprising the composition according to claim 1.   A method for promoting feeding of natural enemy insects, comprising the step of placing the composition of claim 2 in the vicinity of a feed source or mixed with the feed.   A natural enemy insect in the field, comprising the step of placing the composition according to claim 3 in the vicinity of the feed source or mixed with the feed, or the step of placing the composition in or around the field. Or a method of fixing around the field.   The plant pest control agent containing the composition of any one of Claims 1-3.   A plant pest comprising the step of disposing the plant pest control agent according to claim 6 in the vicinity of the plant where the adhesion of the pest is to be suppressed or eliminated, or in or around the field where the plant was cultivated. How to control or prevent.   A trap for trapping natural enemy insects, comprising the composition according to claim 1 and a trapping means for trapping attracted natural enemy insects. The first step of examining the frequency of the foraging behavior of the target natural enemy insect;
A natural enemy comprising a second step of selecting a floral incense component with a high release amount at the time obtained in the first step; and a third step of confirming whether the selected floral component attracts the target natural enemy insect. A method of screening for floral incense ingredients that attract insects.   The method according to claim 9, wherein the bait used in the first step is an artificial preparation.

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