JP7163651B2 - シンチレータパネルおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
シンチレータパネルおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7163651B2 JP7163651B2 JP2018140130A JP2018140130A JP7163651B2 JP 7163651 B2 JP7163651 B2 JP 7163651B2 JP 2018140130 A JP2018140130 A JP 2018140130A JP 2018140130 A JP2018140130 A JP 2018140130A JP 7163651 B2 JP7163651 B2 JP 7163651B2
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- scintillator
- scintillator layer
- layer
- laminate
- radiation
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Description
この課題を解決するために、従来から医療現場で用いられるX線源を用いて位相コントラスト画像を取得することができる、X線タルボ・ロー干渉計を用いた、X線画像診断(タルボ・システム)が期待されている。
格子の製造方法としては、例えば、X線透過性の高いシリコンウェハをエッチングして格子状の凹部を設け、その中にX線遮蔽性の高い重金属を充填する方法が知られている。
たとえば、Applied Physics Letter 98, 171107(2011)の「Structured scintillator for x-ray grating interferometry」(Paul Scherrer Institute(PSI))」には、シリコンウェハをエッチングして作製した格子の溝に蛍光体(CsI)を充填した格子形状のシンチレータが開示されている。
このため撮影部位に制約がなく、厚みある被写体の撮影も可能な新たなシンチレータの出現が望まれていた。
本発明の構成は以下の通りである。
[1]シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層が、放射線の入射方向に対して略平行方向に繰り返し積層された積層体を含むシンチレータパネルにおいて、前記積層体における各層の積層角が扇状に変化する傾斜構造を有し、かつ、各層の放射線源への外挿面が一本の線上で交差することを特徴とするシンチレータパネル。
[2]前記シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層の少なくともいずれかが、弾性率10GPa未満の有機材料を含有していることを特徴とする[1]のシンチレータパネル。
[3]シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層が、放射線の入射方向に対して略平行方向に繰り返し積層された積層体を含むシンチレータパネルにおいて、前記積層体における各層の積層角が扇状に変化する傾斜構造を有し、かつ、各層の放射線源への外挿面が一本の線上で交差するシンチレータパネルの製造方法において、
シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層を繰り返し積層する工程、
積層体の各層の積層角が扇状に変化するように、積層体を湾曲させる工程を有することを特徴とする、積層型シンチレータパネルの製造方法。
[4]前記積層体を湾曲させる工程の後に、湾曲された構造を固定化する工程を有することを特徴とする、[3]のシンチレータパネルの製造方法。
[5]前記湾曲された構造を固定化する工程の後に、前記積層体の上面と底面とが平行面となるようにスライスする工程を有することを特徴とする、[3]または[4]のシンチレータパネルの製造方法。
[6][1]または[2]のシンチレータパネルと光電変換パネルが対向して配置されていることを特徴とする放射線変換パネル。
[7][6]の放射線変換パネルを用いることを特徴とするタルボ撮影装置。
本発明にかかるシンチレータパネルは、図1に示されるように、シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層が、放射線の入射方向に対して略平行方向に繰り返し積層された積層体を含むシンチレータパネルにおいて、前記積層体における各層の積層角が扇状に変化する傾斜構造を有し、かつ、各層の外挿面が一本の線上で交差することを特徴とする。
略平行とは、ほぼ平行あり、多少の傾斜があっても略平行の範疇に含まれる。本発明は、このような積層体を含む格子形状を有するシンチレータである。
積層体を構成するシンチレータ層とはシンチレータを主成分として含有する層であり、シンチレータ粒子を含有することが好ましい。
シンチレータ層を構成する材料としては、X線などの放射線を可視光などの異なる波長に変換することが可能な物質を適宜使用することが出来る。具体的には、「蛍光体ハンドブック」(蛍光体同学会編・オーム社・1987年)の284頁から299頁に至る箇所に記載されたシンチレータ及び蛍光体や、米国Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryのWebホームページ「Scintillation Properties(http://scintillator.lbl.gov/)」に記載の物質などが考えられるが、ここに指摘されていない物質でも、「X線などの放射線を可視光などの異なる波長に変換することが可能な物質」であれば、シンチレータとして用いることが出来る。
基本組成式(I):MIX・aMIIX'2・bMIIIX''3:zAで表わされる金属ハロゲン化物系蛍光体が挙げられる。
X、X'およびX''は、それぞれハロゲン元素を表わすが、それぞれが異なる元素であっても、同じ元素であっても良い。
a、bおよびzはそれぞれ独立に、0a<0.5、0b<0.5、0<z<1.0の範囲内の数値を表わす。
基本組成式(II):MIIFX:zLnで表わされる希土類賦活金属フッ化ハロゲン化物系蛍光体も挙げられる。
基本組成式(III):Ln2O2S:zAで表される希土類酸硫化物系蛍光体も挙げられる。
基本組成式(IV):MIIS:zAで表される金属硫化物系蛍光体も挙げられる。
基本組成式(V):MIIa(AG)b:zAで表される金属オキソ酸塩系蛍光体も挙げられる。
またaおよびbは、金属及びオキソ酸基の価数に応じて取り得る値全てを表す。zは、0<z<1である。
基本組成式(VI):MaOb:zAで表わされる金属酸化物系蛍光体が挙げられる。
またaおよびbは、金属及びオキソ酸基の価数に応じて取り得る値全てを表す。zは、0<z<1である。
基本組成式(VII):LnOX:zAで表わされる金属酸ハロゲン化物系蛍光体が挙げられる。
本発明における非シンチレータ層とは、シンチレータを主成分として含まない層であり、非シンチレータ層中のシンチレータの含有量は10vol%未満、好ましくは1vol%未満であるが、0vol%であることが最も好ましい。
シリコン、ゲルマニウム、ガリウム砒素、ガリウム燐、ガリウム窒素等の半導体;
ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)やポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)を始めとするポリエステル、ナイロンを始めとする脂肪族ポリアミド、あるいは、芳香族ポリアミド(アラミド)、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリカーボネート、トリアセテート、セルロースアセテート、エポキシ、ビスマレイミド、ポリ乳酸、ポリフェニレンサルファイドやポリエーテルスルホンを始めとする含硫黄ポリマー、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、フッ素樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリウレタンなどポリマー;
アルミニウム、鉄、銅等の金属箔、キトサンやセルロースなどを含むバイオナノファイバーなどを使用できる。
なお、非シンチレータ層は光透過性であっても非透過性であってもよいが光透過性であることが好ましい。非シンチレータ層が非光透過性の場合、非シンチレータ層によりシンチレータの発光光が吸収されるため輝度は低下する。一方、非シンチレータ層が光透過性の場合、光吸収が起こりにくいため輝度は向上する。
本発明にかかる製造方法の一例を、図2を参照しながら説明する。
本発明の格子形状を有する積層型シンチレータは、シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層の積層を繰り返した後、隣り合った各層を接合することで作製される。
本発明では、図2にあるように、前記シンチレータ層と前記非シンチレータ層があらかじめ接合された部分積層体を複数作成したのち、当該複数の部分積層体をさらに積層して前記積層体を形成することが、効率性の観点で好ましい。
シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層からなる部分積層体が巻取り可能なフィルム形状であれば、コアに巻取ることによって効率的に積層することが可能となる。巻取りコアとしては筒状でも平板でもよい。
シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層からなる部分積層体の形成方法には特に制約は無いが、非シンチレータ層としてポリマーフィルムを選択し、その片面に、シンチレータ粒子と接着性樹脂を含有する組成物をコートすることでシンチレータ層を形成してよい。また、ポリマーフィルムの両面に、シンチレータ粒子と接着性樹脂を含有する組成物をコートしてもよい。
複数のシンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層の繰り返し積層体を所望の寸法になるように加圧する方法には特に制約は無いが、積層体が所望の寸法以上に圧縮されないように、予め、金属等のスペーサを設けた状態で加圧することが好ましい。その際の圧力としては1MPa~10GPaが好ましい。圧力が前記範囲の下限値よりも低いと、積層体に含まれる樹脂成分を所定の寸法に変形させることが出来ない恐れがある。圧力が前記範囲の上限値よりも高いと、スペーサが変形してしまう場合があり、積層体を所望の寸法以上に圧縮してしまう恐れがある。
積層体の面積が一定であれば、空隙率は、積層体の実測厚さと、積層体の理論厚さ(重量÷密度÷面積)を用いて次式より算出される。
(積層体の実測厚さ-積層体の理論厚さ)÷積層体の理論厚さ×100
加熱処理後、放射線源から同心円となる円弧の弦および弦と平行な面を、積層体の厚みが、所定の厚さとなるように切断する。切断方法は特に制限されず、ワイヤーやナイフでスライスするように切断してもよく、また、機械切削や研磨、あるいはエッチングなどで所定の厚さとなるように、削ってもよい。
本発明では、放射線を受けてシンチレータ層から発する光を検出する検出器が、上記傾斜構造を有する積層体からなるシンチレータと組み合わせて使用される。検出器は、放射線の出射側または入射側に設けられる。
検出器において、外部からのX線が、シンチレータ層によって光に変換され、この光が、検出器によって電気信号に変換されるとともに、位置情報と関連づけられた形で外部に出力可能な状態とされる。
このため、本発明のシンチレータパネルは、タルボ・システムに好適に使用できる。図3は、本発明にかかるシンチレータパネルを含むシンチレータパネルを含むタルボ・シンチレータの概略構成図である。
Claims (1)
- シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層が、放射線の入射方向に対して略平行方向に繰り返し積層された積層体を含むシンチレータパネルにおいて、前記積層体における各層の積層角が扇状に変化する傾斜構造を有し、かつ、各層の放射線源への外挿面が一本の線上で交差するシンチレータパネルの製造方法において、
シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層を繰り返し積層する工程、
積層体の各層の積層角が扇状に変化するように、積層体を湾曲させる工程を有し、
前記シンチレータ層と非シンチレータ層の少なくともいずれかが、弾性率10GPa未満の有機材料を含有し、湾曲には上下一組となる湾曲治具を使用し、上下の湾曲治具間には、所定の円弧状(扇状)となるように、空隙が設けられ、上下の湾曲治具間に積層体を載置して、前記積層体を湾曲させ、
湾曲された構造を固定化する工程、
前記湾曲された構造を固定化したのち、前記積層体の上面と底面とが平行面となるようにスライスする工程を有することを特徴とする、シンチレータパネルの製造方法。
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JP2016001264A (ja) | 2014-06-12 | 2016-01-07 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 格子、格子ユニット、湾曲型格子及びx線撮像装置 |
JP2017227520A (ja) | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-28 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 積層型シンチレータパネル |
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