JP7163287B2 - 熱管理用ポリカーボネートの不透明多層体 - Google Patents
熱管理用ポリカーボネートの不透明多層体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7163287B2 JP7163287B2 JP2019526324A JP2019526324A JP7163287B2 JP 7163287 B2 JP7163287 B2 JP 7163287B2 JP 2019526324 A JP2019526324 A JP 2019526324A JP 2019526324 A JP2019526324 A JP 2019526324A JP 7163287 B2 JP7163287 B2 JP 7163287B2
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
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Description
a )場合により、保護層a、
b )DIN ISO13468-2:2006(D65、10°)に従い(nach DIN ISO 13468-2:2006 (D65, 10°)層厚4mmで決定された380~780nmの範囲における光透過率として1.0%未満および(eine Lichttransmission im Bereich von 380 bis 780 nm von weniger als 1,0 %, bestimmt bei einer Schichtdicke von 4 mm)
層厚4mmでISO13837:2008に従い決定されたエネルギー透過率TDSとして40%未満
を有している熱可塑性ポリマーに基づく基材層b、
c )場合により、600μmの最大厚を有している、熱可塑性ポリマーに基づくさらなる層c、
d )40nm~500μmの厚さを有している、Ag、Al、Au、Pt、Fe、Cr、Sn、In、Ti、Pd、Nb、Cu、V、ステンレス鋼またはそれらの合金から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含んでなる金属層d、および
e )場合により、保護層e、
をこの順序で備えてなる多層品であって、
この金属層dは、多層品の車両の内部方向に向く予定の側に配置され(die Metallschichtd auf der Seite des Mehrschichtkoerpers angeordnet ist, die dazu bestimmt ist, zum Fahrzeuginneren hin orientiert zu sein)、かつ
多層品が保護層eを含む場合は保護層eを含む、層dから続く層は50nm以下の合計厚を有している、(die auf die Schicht d folgenden Schichten, einschliesslich der Schutzschicht e, in Summe eine Dicke von maximal 50 nm aufweisen)
多層品を備えてなる車体部品によって解決される。
保護層a
保護層aは好ましくは引っ掻き耐性ラッカー(ハードコート)を含む。これはゾル-ゲルプロセスによって生産されたポリシロキサンラッカーであることが好ましい。また保護層aは、少なくとも1種のUV吸収剤を含有している。保護層aは、好ましくは摩耗および引っ掻きに対して高い耐性を有し、それ故に特に引っ掻き耐性コーティングの機能を満たす。
A)i.ベンゾフェノン、レゾルシノール、2-(2-ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、ヒドロキシフェニル-s-トリアジン、2-シアノアクリレート、オキサールアニリド(oxalanilide)の群からの少なくとも1種のUV吸収剤
および/または立体障害アミン(HALS)の群からの、特に2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジンおよびその誘導体に基づくUV阻害剤;
ii.シリカゾルとのオルガノ変性シランの少なくとも1種の組み合わせであって、このオルガノ変性シランはメチルトリアルコキシ-またはジメチルジアルコキシシランであってもよい、組み合わせ;
を含んでなるポリシロキサンに基づく引っ掻き耐性コーティング(層a’)を備え、
ならびに場合より、さらに好ましい実施態様において、さらに基材層bの上に配置され、ポリシロキサンに基づく引っ掻き耐性コーティングと基材層bとの間の接着を促進させる層としての役割を果たす、
ベンゾフェノン、レゾルシノール、2-(2-ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、ヒドロキシフェニル-s-トリアジン、2-シアノアクリレート、オキサールアニリドおよび/または立体障害アミン(HALS)、特に2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジンまたはその誘導体に基づくものからの群からの少なくとも1種のUV吸収剤を含むプライマー層(層a’’)を備え、
このプライマー層の厚さは、0.3μm~8μm、好ましくは1.1μm~4.0μmである。
式中、R基は同一または異なっていて、直鎖状または分岐状、飽和またはモノ-またはポリ不飽和、あるいは芳香族のヒドロカルビル基であり、
X基は同一または異なっていて、加水分解性基またはヒドロキシ基であり、好ましくはハロゲン、特に塩素または臭素、アルコキシ基、アルキルカルボニル基またはアシルオキシ基であり、かつ
nは0、1、2または3、好ましくは1または2、最も好ましくは1である。
本発明の車体部品の多層品の基材層bは、不透明な材料からなり、「不透明な」とはVIS領域内で言及される透過率を有する材料を意味すると理解される。そのような材料は視覚的な透明性を示さない(即ち、背景を示さない)。
として、好ましくは10000~50000g/mol、より好ましくは14000~40000g/mol、特に好ましくは16000~32000g/molを有し、DIN55672-1:2007-08に従いゲル透過クロマトグラフィーによって決定され、溶離剤としてジクロロメタンを使用したビスフェノールAポリカーボネート標準に対してキャリブレーションされ、キャリブレーションはドイツのPSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH製からの既知のモル質量分布である直鎖状ポリカーボネート(ビスフェノールAとホスゲンから形成されたもの)で行い、キャリブレーション法はレバークーゼンのCurrenta GmbH&Co.OHGの方法、2301-0257502-09D(2009ドイツ語版)による。溶離剤はジクロロメタンである。カラムの組み合わせは架橋されたスチレン-ジビニルベンゼン樹脂である。分析カラムの直径:7.5mm;長さ:300mm。カラム材の粒子サイズ:3μm~20μm。溶液の濃度:0.2重量%。流量:1.0ml/分、溶液の温度:30℃。屈折率(RI)検出器を使用した検出。
RcおよびRdは独立して直鎖状または分岐状のアルキル基またはハロゲンであり、好ましくはメチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、tert-ブチル、ペンチル、ネオペンチル、ヘキシル、テキシル、またはCl、さらに好ましくはメチル、Clおよび特に好ましくはClであり、
-nはそれぞれのRと無関係に0~3の自然数であって、n=0の場合、基は水素である]。
「Macrolex Blue 3R Gran」という名称で入手可能な構造(5)の着色剤、
-RaおよびRbは独立して直鎖状または分岐状のアルキル基またはハロゲン、好ましくはメチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、tert-ブチル、ペンチル、ネオペンチル、ヘキシル、テキシルまたはCl、さらに好ましくはメチル、Clであり、より好ましくはClであり、
-nはそれぞれのRと無関係に0~3の自然数であり、n=0の場合、基は水素である。]
Lanxess AG製、カラーインデックスナンバー61102のアントラキノン染料Macrolex Violet 3R:
Lanxess AG製、カラーインデックスナンバー61565の同じくアントラキノン染料Macrolex Green 5B:
層bと同様に、熱可塑性物の追加的な層cが存在してもよい。
金属層dは車室方向に向ける予定である基材層b側に配置される。車体部品としての屋根モジュールまたは屋根モジュールの部分においてはこれが下側である。金属層は、基材層bを完全に覆うか、または少なくとも多層品の、車体部品の端部域におけるブラックエッジもしくはフレームの構成要素によって覆われていない部分を完全に覆う。
保護層eは1つ以上の層e’、e’’等からなってもよいが、金属層またはその下の金属様層を外的影響から保護する(即ち、腐食あるいは洗剤、傷等の外的影響からそれらを保護する)保護層を意味し、金属酸化物または金属窒化物層ではない。そのような保護層は、PECVD(プラズマ援用化学気相堆積)法またはプラズマ重合法で適用してもよい。この場合、低沸点の前駆体(特にシロキサンに基づく前駆体)は、プラズマへと蒸発し、それ故に活性化するのでフィルムを形成することができる。ここでの典型的な物質は、ヘキサメチルジシロキサン(HMDSO)、テトラメチルジシロキサン、デカメチルシクロペンタシロキサン、オクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン、およびトリメトキシメチルシランであり、特に好ましいのはヘキサメチルジシロキサンである。
a )場合により、保護層a、
b )DINISO13468-2:2006(D65、10°)に従い層厚4mmで決定された380~780nmの範囲における光透過率として1.0%未満および
層厚4mmでISO13837:2008に従い決定されたエネルギー透過率TDSとして40%未満
を有している熱可塑性ポリマー、好ましくは芳香族ポリカーボネートに基づく、厚さが1.0~7.0mmである基材層bであって、
基材層の組成物が>0.08重量%の着色剤を含む、基材層b
c )場合により、600μmの最大厚を有している、熱可塑性ポリマーに基づくさらなる層c、
d )40nm~500μmの厚さを有している、Ag、Al、Au、Pt、Fe、Cr、Sn、In、Ti、Pd、Nb、Cu、V、ステンレス鋼またはそれらの合金から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含んでなる金属層d、および
e )場合により、保護層e、
をこの順序で備えてなる、多層品を備えてなり、
この金属層dは、多層品の車両の内部方向に向く予定の側に配置され、かつ多層品が保護層eを含む場合は保護層eを含む、層dから続く層は50nm以下の合計厚を有しているものである。
基材2:300℃および負荷1.2kg(ISO 1133-1:2012-03による)で測定した約12cm3/(10分)のMVRを有するCovestro Deutschland AG製のポリカーボネート;ビスフェノールAに基づき、末端がフェノールである。上記材料は、0.16重量%でカーボンブラックを含み、0%のスペクトルのVIS範囲(380~780nm)において光透過性を有している。
基材3:300℃および負荷1.2kg(ISO 1133-1:2012-03による)で測定した約12cm3/(10分)のMVRを有するCovestro Deutschland AG製の透明ポリカーボネートシート。
シートは射出成形法により製造し、厚さは4mmであった。
基材4:Evonik GmbH製押出しPMMAシート、Plexiglas XT、色:ブラック9N870GT、シート厚:3mm。
基材5:Evonik GmbH製注型PMMAシート、Plexiglas GS、色:ブラック9C20GT、シート厚:3mm、IR透明。
スパッタリング法によって約200nmの層厚のアルミニウムを適切な基材の上に置いた。
M2は、50μmの厚さを有するPETキャリアフィルム、ならびに銀層と酸化インジウム層の交互の層構造 (Wechselschichtaufbau)を含む金属含有箔であって、交互の層構造の合計厚は150nmであった。銀層の合計厚は18nmであった。金属含有箔は、アクリレート接着剤を用いて基材層bの下側に積層された。したがって、金属層はポリカーボネート基材およびPETキャリアフィルムによって被包化された。
M3は、50μmの厚さを有するPETキャリアフィルム、ならびに銀層と酸化インジウム層の交互の層構造を含む金属含有箔であって、交互の層構造の合計厚は150nmであった。銀層の合計厚は18nmであった。PETキャリアフィルムは、アクリレート接着剤を用いて基材層bの下側に積層された。したがって、PETキャリアフィルムはポリカーボネート基材および銀層によって被包化され、金属層が最下層を形成した。
例8および例9において、プラズマ処理によりヘキサメチルジシロキサン(HMDSO)の耐食層を金属層に適用した。この目的のために、HMDSOを蒸発させ、圧力が約0.07mbarになるまで蒸気を真空室に導入した。その後、プラズマを1000Wにてダイオード配置で点火し、耐食層を1分間適用した。ダイオード配置は、40kHzの交流周波数で操作された2つの平行電極からなるものであった。
コーティングは手作業で行われた。保護層を形成するための液体プライマーまたはラッカー溶液は、ここで小部品の上端から始まってシートを横切って縦方向に注がれ、その間にシート上のラッカーの開始点をシート幅の左から右にわたって同時に誘導させた。23℃での30分のフラッシュ-オフ時間後に、塗装されたシートはその後60分間130℃にて、クリップから垂直に吊るしながら硬化された。プライマー層を適用した後に、トップコートまたはハードコートを類似の方法で適用し、23℃での30分のフラッシュ-オフ時間後に、130℃にて60分間硬化した。
多層品を熱シミュレータで試験した(試験手順については図2を参照)。熱シミュレータは、幅×高さ×深さ(W×H×D)としての寸法が220mm×350mm×120mmである金属容器からなるものであった。壁の厚さは約2mmであった。壁の内部は約20mmの黒い絶縁層(schwarzer Isolation belegt)で覆われた。同様に基部も厚さ約20mmの黒い絶縁層からなった。2つの熱電温度計を内部に挿入した。1つ目の熱電温度計は容器の上側端部の約70mm下にあったので、多層品または多層品(T1)から来る放射を直接吸収することができた。下の2つ目の熱電温度計は金属板で覆われ、多層品を介した放射に直接さらされることなく内部の温度を測定した(T2)。
測定箇所T1、T2、T3での温度を連続的に測定した。約2時間の試験期間後、温度進行において変化は検出されなかった。記録された測定は、4時間後の温度であった。多層品の表面温度は、各場合においてIR温度計を用いて試験期間の終了時に測定した。
熱シミュレータボックスを基材1の4mm厚の射出成形ポリカーボネートで覆った。内部(T1およびT2)内の温度上昇および表面温度を記録した。
熱シミュレータボックスを基材2の4mm厚の射出成形ポリカーボネートで覆った。内部(T1およびT2)内の温度上昇および表面温度を記録した。
熱シミュレータボックスを、基材1の4mm厚の層、その下に適用した金属層M1、金属層に適用した、2~3μmの厚さの保護層eとしてのラッカー層の形態をとるPHC 587C(Momentive Performance Materials Inc.)の保護層からなる多層品で覆った。ラッカー層はフローコート法によって手作業で適用した。コーティングは30分間、23℃および相対湿度33%でフラッシュし、30分間125℃で焼成した。金属層M1とラッカーは放射線源から離れた側にあった。
熱シミュレータボックスは、基材1の4mm厚の層、その基材層の下に適用した金属層M1、および金属層の上に適用した、同様に厚さが4mmの基材3のポリカーボネート層からなる層順を有する多層品で覆われた。基材1の層は放射源に向けられた。
熱シミュレータボックスは、基材1の4mm厚の層、その基材層の下に適用した金属層M1、厚さが30nmのHMDSOの下の保護層、および同様に厚さが4mmの基材3のポリカーボネート層からなる層順を有する多層品で覆われた。基材1の層は放射源に向けられた。
熱シミュレータボックスは、基材1の4mm厚の層およびその基材層の下に適用した金属含有箔M2からなる層順を有する多層品で覆われ、箔の金属部は基材1方向に向けられ、PET部は基材層とは反対に向けられた。
熱シミュレータボックスは、基材1の4mm厚の層およびその基材層の下に配置した金属含有箔M3の層順を有する多層品で覆われた。M3のPETキャリアフィルムは基材1方向に向けられ、一方で金属層はボックスの内部に向けられた。
熱シミュレータボックスは、射出成形された基材2の4mm厚の層、基材層の下側に適用された金属層M1、ならびに遮蔽される三次元容積に向けられ、30nmの厚さを有している、金属層上に配置されたヘキサメチルジシロキサンの保護層(保護層1)からなる多層品で覆われた。金属層M1および保護層1は、放射源から離れた基材層側であった。
熱シミュレータボックスは、基材1の4mm厚の層、基材層の下側に適用された金属層M1、および金属層の上に配置され、かつ30nmの厚さを有している保護層1からなる層順を有する多層品で覆われた。金属層は基材1側にあり、これは放射源とは反対に向けられた。
熱シミュレータボックスは、基材1の4mm厚の層、基材層の下側に適用された金属層M1、および金属層の上に配置され、かつ30nmの厚さを有している保護層1からなる層順を有する多層品で覆われた。金属層は基材1側にあり、これは放射源とは反対を向いていた。基材層1はコーティングされていない上側に保護層2(保護層a)が設けられた。
熱シミュレータボックスは、3mm厚の基材5の層順を有している多層品で覆われた。
熱シミュレータボックスは、3mm厚の基材4の層順を有している多層品で覆われた。
熱シミュレータボックスは、3mm厚の基材5、基材層の下側に適用された金属層M1、ならびに遮蔽される三次元容積に向けられ、30nmの厚さを有している、金属層上に配置されたヘキサメチルジシロキサンの保護層(保護層1)からなる層順を有する多層品で覆われ、保護層1は放射源から遠い基材層側であった。
熱シミュレータボックスは、3mm厚の基材4、基材層の下側に適用された金属層M1、ならびに遮蔽される三次元容積に向けられ、30nmの厚さを有している、金属層上に配置されたヘキサメチルジシロキサンの保護層(保護層1)からなる層順を有する多層品で覆われた。金属層M1は放射源から遠い基材層側であった。
Claims (13)
- a)場合により、保護層a、
b)DINISO13468-2:2006(D65、10°)に従い層厚4mmで決定された380~780nmの範囲における光透過率として1.0%未満および
層厚4mmでISO13837:2008に従い決定されたエネルギー透過率TDSとして40%未満を有している熱可塑性ポリマーに基づく基材層b、
c)場合により、600μmの最大厚を有している、熱可塑性ポリマーに基づくさらなる層c、
d)40nm~500μmの厚さを有している、Ag、Al、Au、Pt、Fe、Cr、Sn、In、Ti、Pd、Nb、Cu、V、ステンレス鋼またはそれらの合金から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含んでなる金属層d、および
e)場合により、保護層e、
をこの順序で備えてなる多層品であって、
前記基材層bは、1.0mm~7.0mmの厚さを有し、
前記基材層bの熱可塑性ポリマーは、芳香族ポリカーボネートまたはPMMAであり、
前記基材層bは、780~2500nmの範囲における平均IR透過率が少なくとも50%であり、該「平均IR透過率」はISO 13468-2:2006に従い測定された透過率の算術平均を意味するものと理解され、
前記金属層dは、多層品の車両の内部方向に向く予定の側に配置され、かつ
層dから続く層であって、前記多層品が保護層eを含む場合は保護層eを含む層は、50nm以下の合計厚を有している、
多層品を備えてなる車体部品。 - 3次元形状の表面を有する、請求項1に記載の車体部品。
- 前記保護層a)が、
式RnSiX4-nを有するオルガノシリコン化合物および/またはその部分的縮合物(式中、基Rは同一または異なっており、直鎖状または分岐状、飽和またはモノ-またはポリ不飽和、あるいは芳香族のヒドロカルビル基であり、 基Xは同一または異なっており、加水分解性基またはヒドロキシ基であり、
かつnは0、1、2または3である)
および少なくとも1種のUV吸収剤
を含んでなるポリシロキサンラッカー
を含んでなる、請求項1または2に記載の車体部品。 - 前記保護層eがヘキサメチルジシロキサンの耐食層である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の車体部品。
- 前記基材層bが0.001重量%未満のカーボンブラックを含有し、カーボンブラック以外のIR吸収剤を含有していない、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の車体部品。
- 前記基材層bがカーボンブラックを一切含有していない、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の車体部品。
- 前記基材層が、アントラキノン染料およびペリノン染料からなる群から選択される少なくとも2種の着色剤を含んでなる、請求項5または6に記載の車体部品。
- すべての着色剤の合計が0.05重量%より大きい、請求項7に記載の車体部品。
- 前記基材層bが少なくとも0.04重量%のカーボンブラックを含有している、請求項1~4、7および8のいずれか一項に記載の車体部品。
- ISO 13837:2008に従い決定された多層品のエネルギー透過率TDSが1重量%未満である、請求項9に記載の車体部品。
- 多層品が、層a、b、場合によりc、d、および場合によりeおよび個々の層および/または金属酸化物層または金属窒化物層の接着のために存在している接着層を除き、さらなる層を一切備えていない、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の車体部品。
- 前記多層品からなる、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の車体部品。
- 車両あるいはその部分の、屋根、屋根モジュール、屋根モジュールの部分、遮光板、ライニングまたはフレームである、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の車体部品。
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JP2019535559A (ja) | 2019-12-12 |
EP3541624A1 (de) | 2019-09-25 |
US20190344538A1 (en) | 2019-11-14 |
KR20190087470A (ko) | 2019-07-24 |
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