JP7128047B2 - Fallen wood crusher - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fallen wood crusher for crushing sediments on the bottom of water.

In reservoirs such as dam lakes, sediments and the like that have flowed in with rainwater, river water, and the like accumulate on the bottom of the water. If a large amount of sediment or the like accumulates on the bottom of the water, there is a risk that the function of the dam will be reduced, such as by lowering the water storage capacity. For this reason, dam lakes and the like are regularly dredged to remove sediment, etc. (sediment) deposited on the bottom of the water. For dredging, a method of scooping up sediment from the bottom of the water using a backhoe or a grab bucket, or a method of sucking sediment using a pump is adopted. However, sedimentation on the bottom of the water sometimes contains submerged trees, root stumps, etc. (hereinafter simply referred to as "submerged trees"). If the sediment is buried in the sediment, the bucket may get caught on the sediment and the sediment may not be scooped up, or the suction pipe may be clogged by the sediment, resulting in reduced dredging efficiency. Therefore, as a pretreatment for dredging, work efficiency may be improved by crushing the fallen wood into a state that can be sucked by a cutting device equipped with a cutter drum.
As a cutting device having a cutter drum, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses an underwater excavator in which a cutter head is attached to the tip of an arm. The cutter head comprises four cylindrical cutter drums with a plurality of bits fixed to their outer circumference. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses an underwater excavator main body that is suspended from water, and that includes a pair of cutter drums having a large number of picks (cutting bits) fixed to the outer surface thereof.
For such a cutting device, it is common to use a cutting bit that has a base portion in which a fastener hole is formed and a blade portion that is integrally formed at the tip of the base portion (see Patent Document 3). ). The cutting bit is fixed to the cutter drum by inserting the base into a mounting portion formed on the cutter drum and inserting a pin into a fastener hole between the mounting portion and the base. Cutting bits used in conventional underwater excavators are intended for rocks, concrete, etc., and are not wood cutting bits for underwater use.

JP 2011-236619 A JP-A-06-093794 JP-A-11-081368

If the cutting bit wears out, remove the pin from the cutter drum and replace the cutting bit. Since the pin is rigidly fixed to the cutter drum so that the cutting bit does not fall out during cutting, removing the pin is labor intensive. As a result, it takes time to replace all the cutting bits installed in the cutter drum. Therefore, from the viewpoint of shortening the construction period, it has been desired to reduce the frequency of replacement of cutting bits. If the cutting bit replacement frequency can be reduced, the total number of cutting bits can be reduced, and as a result, the material cost can be reduced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems, and to propose a fallen wood crushing apparatus capable of reducing the frequency of replacement of cutting bits.

The invention according to claim 1 for solving the above-mentioned problems is a sunken wood crushing device for crushing sunken wood on the bottom of the water, comprising: a cylindrical cutter drum provided rotatably about a central axis; A plurality of sinkwood cutting bits are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter drum. The sinkwood cutting bit has a regular polygonal blade portion with a bolt hole formed in the center, and a base portion fixed to the cutter drum. projected in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the cutter drum, and fastened to the base portion by a bolt inserted into the bolt hole. This sunken wood crushing apparatus includes a pair of cutter drums arranged side by side so as to be rotatable about the same line, and among the sunken wood cutting bits of one of the cutter drums, they are arranged on the side of the other cutter drum. The protruding length of the provided sunken wood cutting bit (blade portion) is smaller than the protruding length of the other sunken wood cutting bit disposed on one of the cutter drums.
Further, in the fallen wood crushing device according to claim 2, the surface of the blade portion on the front side in the rotation direction of the cutter drum protrudes in the out-of-plane direction toward the tip of each corner portion.

According to the sunken wood crushing apparatus of the present invention, even if the cutting performance is reduced due to wear of the tip of the blade, the cutting performance can be restored simply by loosening the bolt and rotating the polygonal blade. Therefore, the cutting ability can be recovered more easily than in the case of replacing the sinkwood cutting bit every time the tip of the cutting edge wears, and the workability is excellent. In addition, by using the corners of the polygonal cutting edge, the same bit for cutting fallen wood can be used for a longer period of time than the conventional fallen wood crushing device, which is economical. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the frequency of replacement of the bit for cutting sunken wood, and as a result, it is possible to shorten the construction period and reduce the cost.
In addition, since the protruding length of the inner bit for cutting the sunken wood is smaller than the protruding length of the other bits for cutting the sunken wood, each cutting edge comes into contact with the sunken wood step by step from the outer bit for cutting the sunken wood, so that the sunken wood moves to the center. It is guided to the side (between a pair of cutter drums), and cutting can be performed more efficiently.
According to the fallen wood crushing apparatus of claim 2, the surface of the blade portion on the front side in the rotation direction of the cutter drum protrudes in the out-of-plane direction toward the tip of each corner. As the cutter drum rotates, it deeply bites into the fallen wood, so the fallen wood can be crushed more efficiently.

1 is a side view showing an underwater movable heavy machine equipped with a fallen wood crushing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 2 is a side view showing a usage situation of the underwater movable heavy machine shown in FIG. 1; It is a figure which shows a sinking wood crushing apparatus, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view. It is a figure which shows the attachment condition of the bit 4 for cutting sinking wood, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view. Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a blade portion of a bit for cutting sinkwood; It is a figure which shows the base of the bit for cutting sinking wood, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view. FIG. 10 is a side view showing the state of suction of sediments on the bottom of the water; (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the setting of the timber for the air test, (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the setting of the timber for the soil test, and (c) is a cross-sectional view showing the setting of the timber for the underwater test. be. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a flat bit; It is a figure which shows the condition of the bit for sinking wood cutting after cutting, (a) is a comparative example, (b) is an Example.

In the present embodiment, a case will be described in which dead wood, root stumps, and the like (hereinafter simply referred to as "dark wood"), which become obstacles when sucking and removing sediment deposited on the bottom of a dam lake, are crushed. The fallen wood buried in the sedimentation is crushed into a shape that can be sucked by a fallen wood crusher.
The fallen wood crushing device 1 of this embodiment is attached to the tip of an arm 21 of an underwater movable heavy machine 2, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the underwater movable heavy equipment 2 is provided so as to be able to turn about the shaft 23 at the lower end of the shaft 23 held by the work boat 22 . In addition, the underwater movable heavy equipment 2 can move up and down the shaft 23 . In addition, the underwater movable heavy machine 2 does not necessarily have to be supported by the work boat 22 via the shaft 23, and may be, for example, capable of running on the bottom of the water.

As shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the fallen wood crushing apparatus 1 includes a cutter drum 3 and a fallen wood cutting bit 4. As shown in FIGS.
The cutter drum 3 is a cylindrical member that is rotatable about its central axis. In this embodiment, a pair of cutter drums 3, 3 are arranged side by side so as to be rotatable about the same line. The central axis of the cutter drum 3 of this embodiment is perpendicular to the arm 21 . The pair of cutter drums 3 face each other with a mounting portion 24 formed at the tip of the arm 21 interposed therebetween. A plurality of sinkwood cutting bits 4, 4, . . . are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter drum 3.
A plurality of bit fixing portions 31, 31, . On the outer peripheral surface of the cutter drum 3 of this embodiment, there are 12 rows of bit fixing portions 31 in the circumferential direction of the cutter drum 3. is provided. As shown in FIG. 3B , when the cutter drum 3 is viewed from the side, the plurality of bit fixing portions 31 are radially arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter drum 3 . The bit fixing portion 31 is a cylindrical body into which a part of the sinkwood cutting bit 4 can be inserted, and is formed integrally with the outer surface of the cutter drum 3 . A fixing hole 32 for fixing the sinkwood cutting bit 4 is formed in the bit fixing portion 31 . Note that the shape of the bit fixing portion 31 is not limited. Also, the arrangement of the bit fixing portion 31 is not limited.

In the present embodiment, a set of three sunken wood cutting bits 4, 4, 4 arranged side by side in the axial direction of the cutter drum 3 is arranged in rows of the sunken wood cutting bits 4 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the cutter drum 3. are arranged in 12 rows at intervals of . The number of sinkwood cutting bits 4 arranged in each row is not limited. Further, the number of rows of sinkwood cutting bits 4 arranged in the circumferential direction of the cutter drum 3 is not limited.
Of the three sunken wood cutting bits 4, 4, 4 arranged side by side in a row, the sunken wood cutting bit 41 arranged on the innermost side (on the other side of the cutter drum 3) has a protruding length that is the same as that of the other two. It is smaller than the protruding length of the two sunken wood cutting bits 42 , 42 . That is, of a total of six sunken wood cutting bits 4, 4, . It is positioned closer to the cutter drum 3 than the straight line connecting the tips of the other sinkwood cutting bits 42, 42, . In this embodiment, there is a step of 12 mm between the tip of the bit 41 for cutting the inner sinkwood and the tip of the other bit 42 for cutting the sinkwood. The step between the protruding length of the inner sunken wood cutting bit 4 and the protruding lengths of the other sunken wood cutting bits 4, 4 is not limited to 12 mm, and may be, for example, 15 mm or more. It may be 0 mm. Moreover, the protruding lengths of the bits 4, 4, 4 for cutting sunken wood arranged side by side may be adjusted so as to gradually decrease toward the inside.

As shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), the sinkwood cutting bit 4 includes a blade portion 5 having a square shape in front view and having a bolt hole 51 formed in the center, and a base portion 6 fixed to the cutter drum 3. , and blade fixing bolts 7 for fastening the blade 5 to the base 6 through bolt holes 51 .
The blade portion 5 is a blade for cutting downed wood, and is fixed to the base portion 6 with the tip of one corner projecting in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the cutter drum 3 . The blade portion 5 is fastened to the base portion 6 by a blade portion fixing bolt 7 inserted into a bolt hole 51 . As shown in FIG. 5, one surface side of each corner of the blade portion 5 (the surface on the front side in the rotation direction of the cutter drum 3) extends in the out-of-plane direction (the front side in the rotation direction of the cutter drum 3) toward the tip of each corner. ). The shape of the blade portion 5 is not limited as long as it is a regular polygonal shape when viewed from the front. Further, the corners of the blade portion 5 do not necessarily need to protrude in the out-of-plane direction.

The base portion 6 is a support member for the blade portion 5 . The base portion 6 of this embodiment includes a leg portion 61 inserted into the bit fixing portion 31 and a head portion 62 protruding from the bit fixing portion 31 .
As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the leg portion 61 is a plate-like portion that is narrower than the head portion 62 in front view and thinner than the head portion 62 in side view. A fastener groove 63 is formed at the center in the height direction of the rear surface of the leg portion 61 (the surface on the rear side in the rotation direction of the cutter drum 3). The fastener groove 63 is a recess having a semicircular cross-sectional shape, and is formed so as to overlap the fixing hole 32 formed in the bit fixing portion 31 when the leg portion 61 is inserted into the bit fixing portion 31 . ing. The base portion 6 is fixed by the bit fixing bolt 33 inserted into the fixing hole 32 while being inserted into the leg portion 61 . That is, the base portion 6 is prevented from slipping out of the bit fixing portion 31 by the bit fixing bolt 33 . Note that the shape of the fastener groove 63 is not limited. Further, the base 6 may be formed with holes (fastener holes) in place of the grooves (fastener grooves 63). In this embodiment, bolts (bit fixing bolts 33) are used as fasteners for fixing the base 6, but the fasteners are not limited to bolts, and may be pins, for example. Further, the shape and size of the leg portion 61 may be set as appropriate according to the structure of the cutter drum 3 on which the bit 4 for cutting fallen wood is installed.
The head 62 is formed at the tip of the leg 61 and has a hexagonal shape when viewed from the front. In addition, the shape of the head 62 is not limited, and may be, for example, rectangular when viewed from the front. A through hole 64 for inserting the blade fixing bolt 7 is formed in the central portion of the head portion 62 . The through hole 64 penetrates the head portion 62 in the front-rear direction (rotational direction of the cutter drum 3). A step 65 is formed on the front surface of the head 62 so that the lower side protrudes forward. A step 65 formed on the front surface of the head 62 has a V shape when viewed from the front. The angle of the step 65 is 45° and matches the angle of the corner of the blade portion 5 . That is, one corner of the blade portion 5 is locked to the step 65 as shown in FIG. 4(b).

When crushing the fallen wood on the bottom of the water using the fallen wood crushing device 1 , first, the fallen wood crushing device 1 is installed at the tip of the arm 21 of the underwater movable heavy machine 2 . Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the submersible heavy machine 2 is lowered to the lower end of the shaft 23 held by the work boat 22 . Then, while rotating the cutter drum 3, the fallen wood crushing device 1 is brought into contact with the bottom of the water. The sunken wood buried in sediment on the bottom of the water is cut by a sunken wood cutting bit 4 provided on the cutter drum 3 . At this time, the fallen wood crushing device 1 is operated while confirming the position of the fallen wood using an underwater camera, search radar, or the like, if necessary. When the tip of the blade portion 5 of the bit 4 for cutting the sunken wood comes into contact with the sunken wood, the blade portion 5 protruding in the out-of-plane direction toward the tip cuts the sunken wood as the cutter drum 3 rotates. When the tip of the blade portion 5 is worn by cutting the sunken wood, the blade portion 5 is rotated to perform cutting with a new corner portion.
When the cutting of the sunken wood is completed, as shown in FIG. 7, the sunken wood crusher 1 installed at the tip of the arm 21 of the submersible heavy equipment 2 is replaced with the suction means 8 to suck the sediments on the bottom of the water.

According to the sinking wood crushing device 1 of the present embodiment, even if the cutting ability is reduced due to wear of the tip of the cutting edge 5, the cutting ability can be restored simply by rotating the square-shaped cutting edge 5 by 90°. . Therefore, it is not necessary to replace the sinkwood cutting bit 4 each time the tip of the blade portion 5 wears, and the same sinkwood cutting bit 4 can be used for a long period of time (four rotations). Therefore, it is possible to reduce the frequency of replacement of the sinkwood cutting bit 4, and as a result, it is possible to shorten the construction period and reduce the cost. Since the blade portion 5 can be rotated only by loosening the blade portion fixing bolt 7, the work is easy.
The surface of the blade portion 5 on the front side in the rotation direction of the cutter drum 3 protrudes in the out-of-plane direction toward the tip of each corner. dig deep. Therefore, the fallen wood can be crushed more efficiently. Since the blade part 5 contacts and bites into the sunken wood at an acute angle, the surface of the sunken wood is less slippery and can be cut efficiently. In addition, by making the blade part 5 bite into the sunken wood, the sunken wood can be cut in a state of being caught, and the vertical movement (rebound) of the sunken wood due to the pressing force when contacting the blade part 5 can be suppressed. In addition, conventional cutting bits (so-called picks and flat plate bits) for rocks etc. contact the cutting target with points or lines, so they may slip on the cutting surface, which may reduce cutting efficiency. there were.

Further, since the blade portion 5 is installed on the cutter drum 3 so that the width becomes narrower toward the tip, the contact surface with respect to sedimentation and the like is small. Therefore, it is possible to cut the sunken wood while repelling pebbles, pebbles, sand, and the like. That is, even if the sunken wood is buried in sediment or the like, it can be cut through the sediment or the like.
Moreover, since the blade portion 5 has a shape in which the width (cross-sectional area) increases from the tip toward the joint portion with the base portion 6, the root portion (joint portion with the base portion 6) is less likely to be damaged. Therefore, it can be used for a long time.
Since the blade portion 5 has a relatively simple shape, it is easy to manufacture and the manufacturing cost is low. Moreover, since the single-shaped blade portion 5 is used, the manufacturing cost can be reduced compared to the case where a cutting bit having multiple-shaped blades is installed on the single cutter drum 3 . Since the blade portion 5 and the base portion 6 are joined by bolts, they can be manufactured easily and quickly compared to the case of welding. By matching the shape of the base portion 6 (leg portion 61) with the mounting structure of a general cutting bit, the sinkwood cutting bit 4 can be mounted on any equipment.
In addition, in the plurality of sunken wood cutting bits 4, 4, 4 arranged side by side in the sunken wood crushing device 1, the protruding length of the inner sunken wood cutting bit 4 is smaller than the protruding length of the other sunken wood cutting bits 4, 4. , the cutting bits 5 come into contact with the sinkwood step by step from the bit 4 for cutting the sinkwood on the outside. As a result, the fallen wood that has come into contact with the device for crushing fallen wood 1 is guided toward the center, so that the fallen wood can be cut efficiently.

Hereinafter, results of experiments conducted to confirm the performance of the sinking wood cutting bit 4 of the sinking wood crushing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment will be described. In this experiment, the output torque T when wood was cut by the fallen wood crusher 1 was measured in air, soil and water, and the fracture surface of the wood after cutting was observed. The wood used in the experiment was Casuarina with a diameter of 300 mm. The cutting of the wood is carried out in a direction (longitudinal direction) in which the rotation axis of the cutter drum 3 is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the wood, and in a direction (horizontal direction) in which the longitudinal direction of the wood and the rotation axis of the cutter drum 3 are parallel. It was carried out in duplicate.
As shown in FIG. 8(a), the air test was performed with the wood W placed on the ground and the ends fixed. As shown in FIG. 8(b), the soil experiment was conducted in a state in which wood W was installed in a recess formed in the ground and backfilled. In addition, in the drawings, the symbol D is a sandbag for fixing the wood W. As shown in FIG. Further, in the underwater experiment, as shown in FIG. 8(c), after the wood _W was fixed in a water tank T in an inclined state, water was poured into the water tank TW to soak the wood W in the water. Carried out.
In addition, as a comparative example, a similar experiment in air and in water was carried out for a case where a conventionally used flat bit 4a (see FIG. 9) was attached to the cutter drum 3.
Table 1 shows the output torque T for each experiment. Here, the output torque T was calculated by Equation (1).

As shown in Table 1, according to the blade portion 5 of the present embodiment, the output torque T was larger than that of the flat bit 4a of the comparative example in air, soil and water. Therefore, it has been confirmed that the rotational force of the cutter drum 3 can be efficiently converted into cutting force and cutting can be performed with high torque. That is, the blade portion 5 of the present embodiment efficiently converts the rotational force of the cutter drum 3 into cutting force and cuts the wood W with high torque. As a result, the cutting of the wood W can be completed more quickly. In addition, the effect of biting into the wood W by the blade portion 5 and the effect of scraping the wood W together enable efficient cutting.
When the state of crushing of the wood W in the example and the state of crushing the wood W in the comparative example were visually confirmed, there was no significant difference in the size of the crushed pieces and the condition of the crushed surfaces.
Furthermore, when the conditions of the blade portion 5 and the flat bit 4a after the experiment were checked, as shown in FIG. In the flat bit 4a of the example, the coating was peeled off from the tip to a depth of 12 mm. Therefore, it was confirmed that the blade portion 5 of the present embodiment cuts at a deeper feed rate than the flat bit 4a.
As can be seen from the above results, the sinkwood cutting bit 4 of the present embodiment can efficiently cut the sinkwood.

Although the embodiments according to the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the constituent elements described above can be changed as appropriate without departing from the scope of the present invention.
For example, in the above embodiment, the case where the sinker cutting bit 4 is installed in a so-called twin header in which a pair of cutter drums 3, 3 are arranged side by side has been described, but the configuration of the device for attaching the sinker cutting bit 4 is limited. not something. For example, the number of cutter drums 3 is not limited to two, and may be one or three or more. Also, the pair of cutter drums 3, 3 need not necessarily be arranged side by side so as to be rotatable around the same line, and for example, their rotation axes may be inclined.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 sunken wood crushing device 2 underwater movable heavy equipment 3 cutter drum 4 sunken wood cutting bit 5 blade 51 bolt hole 6 base 63 fastener groove 7 blade fixing bolt (bolt)

Claims (2)

A submerged wood crushing device for crushing submerged wood on the bottom of the water,
a cylindrical cutter drum rotatable around a central axis;
a plurality of sinkwood cutting bits provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter drum,
The sunken wood cutting bit has a regular polygonal blade portion with a bolt hole formed in the center, and a base portion fixed to the cutter drum,
The cutting edge is fastened to the base by a bolt inserted into the bolt hole with the tip of one corner projecting in a direction orthogonal to the central axis of the cutter drum ,
The pair of cutter drums are arranged side by side so as to be rotatable around the same line,
Among the sinking wood cutting bits of one of the cutter drums, the protruding length of the sinking wood cutting bit disposed closest to the other cutter drum is equal to that of the other sinking wood cutting bit disposed on the one cutter drum. A fallen wood crushing device, characterized in that the projecting length is smaller than the protruding length of a fork bit . 2. The fallen wood crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a surface of said blade portion on the front side in the rotation direction of said cutter drum protrudes in an out-of-plane direction toward a tip of each corner portion.

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