JP7105469B2 - incinerator - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an incinerator suitable for incinerating various waste materials.

Conventionally, a stoker type incinerator has been used for incinerating general waste, industrial waste, etc., which alternately has a plurality of fixed grates and movable grates, and the movable grates repeat forward and backward movements (Patent document 1 etc.).
However, in an incinerator in which a plurality of fixed fire grates and movable grates are alternately arranged in a plurality of stages, since intense combustion occurs from the combustion zone on the upstream side, members such as castings constituting the furnace However, there was a technical problem that it is easily damaged by the high temperature and has a short life.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-20015

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator that can handle various types of waste, has a long service life, and has a low burning loss.

An incinerator according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a hearth section comprising a plurality of stages, and a grate combustion section comprising a fixed grate and a movable grate below the hearth section.
Here, the hearth part consisting of multiple stages has a pusher for pushing from the upper hearth part toward the lower hearth part or the fire grate combustion part side, and the hearth part is at the tip part It is preferred to have a return portion.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the return portion provided at the tip of the hearth portion has an air supply portion.
In this case, the grate combustion section alternately has multiple stages of fixed grates and movable grates, and the steps of the multiple stages of the hearth are larger than the steps of the multiple stages of the fire grate combustion section. have been set.

In the present invention, a hearth portion comprising a plurality of stages means that a plurality of combustion zones are arranged stepwise from the upstream side to the downstream side.
As a result, the incineration conditions can be set according to various types of waste.
For example, in the case of waste with a large amount of volatile components such as waste oil and waste plastics, the volatile components are first burned in the volatile combustion zone on the upstream side, and then wood components and residual components are burned in the downstream side. etc. can be stably burned.
Moreover, in the case of waste with a large amount of moisture such as raw garbage and sludge, it can be stably burned on the downstream side after being dried on the upstream side.

By providing a pusher in the hearth of each stage, the material to be processed can be moved so as to be slowly pushed out from the upper zone on the upstream side toward the lower zone on the next downstream side. Stirring combustion can be promoted by rolling movement of the object to be processed due to the turning portion provided at the tip and the large difference in level.

In the present invention, the fire grate combustion section is composed of a fire grate to which combustion air is supplied from the lower side. By repeating the above, the object to be treated is stirred and moved, and combustion is promoted.

The incinerator according to the present invention has a multi-stage hearth section on the upstream side, and after stably burning in the main combustion zone through the volatile combustion zone, the drying zone, etc., according to the contents of various wastes. By post-burning in the grate combustion section, the ignition loss can be greatly reduced.
As a result, it is possible to reduce the ignition loss while suppressing the violent combustion on the upstream side of the conventional stoker type with waste that has a large calorific value. can be achieved.

1 shows a structural example of an incinerator according to the present invention. It shows a state in which objects to be treated such as waste are put into the hopper. (a) shows a state in which the object to be treated is transferred from the upper stage to the lower stage of the hearth by a pusher, and (b) shows a state in which post-combustion is performed in the grate combustion section. An enlarged view of a multi-stage hearth and a grate combustion part is shown. The partial enlarged view of the downstream side of a hearth part and a grate combustion part is shown.

A structural example of an incinerator according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
The invention is not limited to this embodiment.

FIG. 1 schematically shows an incinerator according to the present invention, and ancillary facilities such as exhaust gas treatment, a conveyor for discharging residues such as ash, etc. are omitted from the drawing.
The incinerator is provided with a partition door 5 for opening and closing a combustion chamber 6 and an input portion for materials to be treated such as waste.
The feeding section is for feeding the material to be processed into the combustion chamber 6, and there is no restriction on its structure.
In this embodiment, the object to be treated is introduced into the introduction chamber 2 via the hopper 1, the pushing device 3 advances, and the end portion 4 of the pushing device 3 transfers the object to the combustion chamber 6. As shown in FIG.
Inside the combustion chamber 6, there is a hearth portion 7 in which a combustion zone is formed by dividing into a plurality of stages, and a fire grate combustion portion 8 consisting of a plurality of stages of fire grates on the downstream side thereof.
An enlarged view thereof is shown in FIGS.
Further, the upper portion of the combustion chamber 6 has an exhaust gas port 6a.

Although the number of stages of the hearth portion 7 is not limited, this embodiment shows an example of three stages of a first hearth portion 12A, a second hearth portion 12B and a third hearth portion 12C.
Each hearth part has a pusher for pushing the object to be processed on the hearth surface toward the lower side, and the first pusher is aligned with the first to third hearth parts (12A to 12C). 13A, a second pusher 13B and a third pusher 13C.
As shown in FIG. 1, each pusher is controlled forward and backward by cylinder devices 113A to 113C and the like.

It has a first return portion 14A in which a plurality of pipe members are extended in parallel at predetermined intervals from the front end portion of the first hearth portion 12A.
This first return portion 14A is positioned above the second hearth portion 12B on the lower side, and when the object to be processed is pushed out from the upper surface of the first hearth portion 12A by the first pusher, this comb-shaped first return portion When the object to be treated falls from the gap between the parts, it rolls, promoting combustion.
Further, a pipe-shaped combustion air supply portion 15A is provided on the tip side of the first return portion 14A.
Although not shown, the combustion air supply portion 15A is provided with a plurality of nozzles for injecting air toward the second hearth portion 12B along the circumference of the pipe 115A.
Combustion air is also supplied from both furnace wall sides.

The tip side of the second hearth portion 12B also has a second folded portion 14B in the same manner as described above, and the tip side of the third hearth portion 12C has a third folded portion 14C.
Further, the second return portion 14B and the third return portion 14C have air supply portions 15B and 15C formed of pipes 115B and 115C, respectively, on the tip side thereof.

Downstream of the hearth section 7, there is a grate combustion section 8, which is shown in enlarged views in FIGS.
In the fire grate combustion section 8, movable grates 16a to 16c, in which a plurality of grate blocks are arranged in parallel, and fixed fire grates 17a to 17c are alternately arranged in a stepped manner.
As shown in FIG. 1, the stepped upper end portion is arranged substantially horizontally, and a plurality of movable fire grates 16a to 16c, omitting the driving portion, repeat forward and backward movement to move the object to be processed. Move forward while stirring.
As shown in FIG. 5, the fire grate is supplied with air A for combustion from the bottom upward through the gaps between the grate blocks _, and D3 falls from these gaps while burning.
An arrow G indicates the flow of the exhaust gas.

The furnace wall 11 is made of a refractory 11a, as schematically shown in FIG.
A water-cooling jacket 11c is provided on the back side of the fireproof plate 11b in a region where high-temperature combustion occurs, for example, downstream of the third hearth portion 12C.
As a result, it is possible to prevent abnormal combustion from occurring in the lower-side hearth and the grate combustion part while ensuring the heat retention of the combustion chamber, thereby suppressing the generation and adhesion of clinker.

As shown in FIG. 1, the step between the first to third hearths of the hearth is larger than the step of the fire grate combustion part, and the object to be processed is larger at the hearth. It rolls and moves while stirring finely in the grate combustion part.

By making the hearth part 7 multi-stage, such as the first hearth part 12A, the second hearth part 12B, and the third hearth part 12C, the post-combustion fire can be used while coping with various wastes. The ignition loss can be reduced in the grid combustion section 8 .
As a result, abnormally high temperature combustion can be avoided even for industrial waste with a high calorific value, and the service life of the hearth, grate, etc. can be extended.
For example, in the case of waste containing highly volatile components such as waste oil and plastics, after burning the volatile components in the volatile combustion zone of the first hearth part 12A, the second hearth part slowly After drying the wet waste in the drying zone of 12B, it can be burned in the main combustion zone of the third hearth section 12C.
Also, in the case of waste with a high water content such as raw garbage and sludge, preliminary drying can be performed in the volatile combustion zone of the first hearth 12A.

2 and 3 show the flow of materials to be treated such as waste.
As shown in FIG. 2, when the waste D is put into the hopper 1 and the shutter 1a at the bottom of the hopper 1 is opened, the waste D drops into the introduction chamber 2. As shown in FIG.
The fallen waste D is transferred to the combustion chamber 6 by the pushing device 3 .
When the combustion is already underway in the combustion chamber, the combustion starts continuously, and when the waste is first introduced, it is ignited by a combustion burner or the like (not shown).
As shown in FIG. 3A, the waste part D1 that has undergone preliminary combustion is pushed out to the second hearth part 12B by the _first pusher 13A, and then pushed to the third hearth part 12C by the second pusher 13B. pushed out to
As the combustion progresses, the waste D2 is reduced in _volume and burned while being stirred in the post-combustion zone of the grate combustion section 8 as shown in FIG. 3(b).
The number of stages of the hearth is not limited to the above three stages, and may be two stages, four stages, or the like. be.

1 Hopper 2 Feeding chamber 3 Pushing device 5 Partition door 6 Combustion chamber 7 Hearth part 8 Fire grate combustion part 11 Furnace wall 12A First hearth part 12B Second hearth part 12C Third hearth part 13A First pusher 13B Second pusher 13C Third pusher 14A First return portion 14B Second return portion 14C Third return portion 16a Movable fire grate 17a Fixed fire grate

Claims (1)

An incinerator in which the furnace wall is made of refractory material, and the furnace floor surface is formed by dividing it into multiple stages. in the hearth and its lower sideMultiple grid blocks are arranged in parallelA grate combustion part consisting of a fixed grate and a movable grate,
said multiple stagesThe hearth surface was formed by dividing intoThe hearth is the upper hearthsurfaceto the lower hearthsurfacetoward or the lowest hearthsurfacehas a pusher for pushing out the object to be processed from toward the grate combustion part side,The tip of the hearth surface has a comb-shaped return portion and an air supply portion located above the hearth surface on the lower side or the fire grate combustion portion,
The grate combustion partHaving a combustion air supply part on the lower side andAlternately has multiple stages of fixed grates and movable grates,
said multi-stage hearthsurfaceUpper hearth insurfaceand lower hearthsurfaceis set larger than the step between the fixed grate on the upper stage and the fixed grate on the lower stage in the multi-stage grate combustion section.The furnace wall is provided with a water-cooling jacket at a portion located on the side of the grate combustion section.An incinerator characterized by:

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