JP6947095B2 - Waste incinerator and waste incinerator method - Google Patents

Waste incinerator and waste incinerator method Download PDF

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JP6947095B2
JP6947095B2 JP2018057372A JP2018057372A JP6947095B2 JP 6947095 B2 JP6947095 B2 JP 6947095B2 JP 2018057372 A JP2018057372 A JP 2018057372A JP 2018057372 A JP2018057372 A JP 2018057372A JP 6947095 B2 JP6947095 B2 JP 6947095B2
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grate
drying box
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JP2019168186A (en
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知広 傳田
知広 傳田
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JFE Engineering Corp
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Description

本発明は、都市ごみ等の廃棄物を焼却する廃棄物焼却炉及び廃棄物焼却方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a waste incinerator for incinerating waste such as municipal waste and a waste incineration method.

都市ごみ等の廃棄物を焼却する廃棄物焼却炉として、火格子式の廃棄物焼却炉が用いられている。火格子式の廃棄物焼却炉は、廃棄物が投入されるホッパと、廃棄物を燃焼させる燃焼室と、を備える（特許文献１参照）。廃棄物はクレーンで掴みあげられ、ホッパに投入される。ホッパに投入された廃棄物は、給じん装置によって燃焼室内の火格子上に押し出される。火格子上の廃棄物は、火格子を移動しながら火格子の下から供給される燃焼用空気によって燃焼して灰になり、外部に排出される。 A grate-type waste incinerator is used as a waste incinerator for incinerating waste such as municipal waste. The grate-type waste incinerator includes a hopper into which the waste is charged and a combustion chamber for burning the waste (see Patent Document 1). The waste is picked up by a crane and thrown into the hopper. The waste put into the hopper is pushed out onto the grate in the combustion chamber by the dust supply device. The waste on the grate is burned by the combustion air supplied from under the grate while moving through the grate to become ash, and is discharged to the outside.

特開２００５−１６４１２１号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-164121

ところで、廃棄物中の水分は、天気、季節、地域等により変動する。廃棄物中の水分が変動すると、燃焼時に水分を蒸発させる蒸発熱を必要とするので、廃棄物の低位発熱量が変動する。このため、不安定な燃焼を引き起こすおそれがある。 By the way, the water content in waste varies depending on the weather, season, region, and the like. When the water content in the waste fluctuates, the heat of vaporization that evaporates the water content during combustion is required, so the lower calorific value of the waste fluctuates. Therefore, unstable combustion may occur.

不安定な燃焼が生じると、完全燃焼が阻害され、すすやＣＯ等が発生するばかりか、排ガス中の腐食促進物質により燃焼室出口のボイラチューブの腐食量が増大したり、ボイラの蒸気発生量の変動が生じて、発電効率や売電計画に悪影響を与えたりする。 When unstable combustion occurs, complete combustion is hindered, soot and CO are generated, and the amount of corrosion in the boiler tube at the outlet of the combustion chamber increases due to the corrosion promoting substance in the exhaust gas, and the amount of steam generated in the boiler. Fluctuations may occur, which may adversely affect power generation efficiency and power sales plans.

そこで本発明は、廃棄物焼却によって発生する熱を利用して廃棄物を乾燥させ、乾燥して低位発熱量が均一化した廃棄物を燃焼室に定量供給するとともに、廃棄物の低位発熱量の変動が大きくても燃焼安定性を確保することが可能な廃棄物焼却炉及び廃棄物焼却方法を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, in the present invention, the waste is dried by utilizing the heat generated by the incinerator of the waste, and the waste that has been dried and has a uniform low calorific value is quantitatively supplied to the combustion chamber, and the low calorific value of the waste is generated. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste incinerator and a waste incineration method capable of ensuring combustion stability even if fluctuations are large.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明の一態様は、ホッパに投入された廃棄物を給じん装置のプッシャによって燃焼室の火格子上に供給して焼却する廃棄物焼却炉において、前記給じん装置の前記プッシャと、シュートから落下する廃棄物を受け、前記火格子の上方まで移動する乾燥箱を一体に設け、前記乾燥箱で乾燥させた前記廃棄物を前記火格子上に落下させ、前記乾燥箱は内部に前記廃棄物を格納可能である廃棄物焼却炉である。
本発明の他の態様は、ホッパに投入された廃棄物を給じん装置のプッシャによって燃焼室の火格子上に供給して焼却する廃棄物焼却炉において、前記給じん装置の前記プッシャと、シュートから落下する廃棄物を受け、前記火格子の上方まで移動する乾燥箱を一体に設け、前記乾燥箱で乾燥させた前記廃棄物を前記火格子上に落下させ、前記乾燥箱の底部は、前記乾燥箱に貯留した前記廃棄物を前記火格子上に落下させることができるように開閉可能である廃棄物焼却炉である。 In order to solve the above problems, one aspect of the present invention is in a waste incinerator in which the waste charged into the hopper is supplied onto the grate of the combustion chamber by the pusher of the dust supply device and incinerated. the device receiving the pusher and the waste falling from the chute is provided with a drying box to move to above the grate together, to drop the dried in a dry box the waste on the grate, the The drying box is a waste incinerator that can store the waste inside.
Another aspect of the present invention is in a waste incinerator in which the waste charged into the hopper is supplied onto the grate of the combustion chamber by the pusher of the dust supply device and incinerated, the pusher of the dust supply device and the chute. A drying box that receives the waste falling from the grate and moves to the upper part of the grate is integrally provided, and the waste dried in the drying box is dropped onto the grate, and the bottom of the drying box is the same. It is a waste incinerator that can be opened and closed so that the waste stored in the drying box can be dropped onto the grate.

本発明によれば、給じん装置にシュートから落下する廃棄物を受け、火格子の上方まで移動する乾燥箱を設けるので、燃焼室内の火炎により乾燥箱内の廃棄物を乾燥させることができる。また、乾燥箱は、一定量の廃棄物を貯留できるので、乾燥して低位発熱量が均一化した廃棄物を燃焼室に定量供給できる。 According to the present invention, since the dust supply device is provided with a drying box that receives the waste falling from the chute and moves to the upper part of the grate, the waste in the drying box can be dried by the flame in the combustion chamber. Further, since the drying box can store a certain amount of waste, it is possible to quantitatively supply the dried waste having a uniform low calorific value to the combustion chamber.

本発明の一実施形態の廃棄物焼却炉の縦断面図である。It is a vertical sectional view of the waste incinerator of one Embodiment of this invention. 本実施形態の廃棄物焼却炉の燃焼室の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the combustion chamber of the waste incinerator of this embodiment.

以下、添付図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態の廃棄物焼却炉を詳細に説明する。ただし、本発明の廃棄物焼却炉は種々の形態で具体化することができ、明細書に記載される実施形態に限定されるものではない。本実施形態は、明細書の開示を十分にすることによって、当業者が発明を十分に理解できるようにする意図をもって提供されるものである。 Hereinafter, the waste incinerator according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the waste incinerator of the present invention can be embodied in various forms, and is not limited to the embodiments described in the specification. The present embodiment is provided with the intention of allowing those skilled in the art to fully understand the invention by adequately disclosing the specification.

図１に、本発明の一実施形態の廃棄物焼却炉の縦断面図を示す。本実施形態の廃棄物焼却炉は、ホッパ１、シュート１５、燃焼室２、乾燥箱３、燃焼室２の出口側に設けられるガス混合室４、ガス混合室４の下流側に設置されたボイラ５を備える。 FIG. 1 shows a vertical sectional view of a waste incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention. The waste incinerator of the present embodiment has a hopper 1, a chute 15, a combustion chamber 2, a drying box 3, a gas mixing chamber 4 provided on the outlet side of the combustion chamber 2, and a boiler installed on the downstream side of the gas mixing chamber 4. 5 is provided.

クレーン６によってホッパ１に投入された廃棄物は、シュート１５を下降し、シュート１５から給じん装置７のプッシャの先端に設けた乾燥箱３に落下する。給じん装置７は、廃棄物を受けた乾燥箱３を火格子９ａの上方に、すなわち燃焼室２内（炉内）に移動させる。乾燥箱３が炉内にあるとき、乾燥箱３内の廃棄物は、炉内の火炎８により乾燥する。乾燥箱３にて乾燥した廃棄物は、乾燥箱３から火格子９ａ上に落下する。 The waste thrown into the hopper 1 by the crane 6 descends from the chute 15 and falls from the chute 15 into the drying box 3 provided at the tip of the pusher of the dust supply device 7. The dust supply device 7 moves the drying box 3 that has received the waste above the grate 9a, that is, into the combustion chamber 2 (inside the furnace). When the drying box 3 is in the furnace, the waste in the drying box 3 is dried by the flame 8 in the furnace. The waste dried in the drying box 3 falls from the drying box 3 onto the grate 9a.

火格子９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃは、燃焼室２の下部に設けられる。火格子９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃは、それぞれが可動火格子と固定火格子に分けられ、可動火格子の摺動運動により廃棄物の撹拌及び搬送を行う。廃棄物は、火格子９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃ上を上流側（図１の左側）から下流側（図１の右側）に移動する。火格子９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃには、火格子９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃ下の、搬送方向に４つに分割された風箱１１（上流側からＮｏ．１、Ｎｏ．２、Ｎｏ．３、Ｎｏ．４を付す）から一次燃焼用空気が供給される。風箱１１には、空気ブロワ１２から一次燃焼用空気が供給される。風箱１１に一次燃焼用空気を供給する量は、ダンパ１３によって調整される。 The grate 9a, 9b, 9c are provided in the lower part of the combustion chamber 2. The grate 9a, 9b, 9c are each divided into a movable grate and a fixed grate, and the sliding motion of the movable grate is used to agitate and transport the waste. The waste moves on the grate 9a, 9b, 9c from the upstream side (left side in FIG. 1) to the downstream side (right side in FIG. 1). The grate 9a, 9b, 9c has a wind box 11 (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 3, No. 3 from the upstream side) divided into four in the transport direction under the grate 9a, 9b, 9c. Air for primary combustion is supplied from (4). Air for primary combustion is supplied to the air box 11 from the air blower 12. The amount of primary combustion air supplied to the air box 11 is adjusted by the damper 13.

火格子９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃは、上流側から乾燥段（Ｎｏ．１の風箱上の火格子９ａ）、燃焼段（Ｎｏ．２、Ｎｏ．３の風箱上の火格子９ｂ）、後燃焼段（Ｎｏ．４の風箱上の火格子９ｃ）に分類される。乾燥段９ａでは、廃棄物を乾燥及び一部を熱分解させる。燃焼段９ｂでは、廃棄物を熱分解して、熱分解により発生させた可燃性ガス及び固形分を燃焼させる。後燃焼段９ｃでは、固定炭素などの未燃分を燃焼させる。燃焼後の灰は、灰落下口１８から排出される。 The grate 9a, 9b, 9c are the drying stage (grate 9a on the No. 1 airbox), the combustion stage (grate 9b on the No. 2 and No. 3 airbox), and post-combustion from the upstream side. It is classified into a stage (grate 9c on the wind box of No. 4). In the drying stage 9a, the waste is dried and a part is thermally decomposed. In the combustion stage 9b, the waste is thermally decomposed to burn the flammable gas and the solid content generated by the thermal decomposition. In the post-combustion stage 9c, unburned components such as fixed carbon are burned. The burned ash is discharged from the ash drop port 18.

ガス混合室４には、空気ブロワ１４からの二次燃焼用空気が供給される。ガス混合室４では、燃焼室２で燃焼しきれなかった排ガス中の未燃ガスを完全燃焼させる。ガス混合室４で二次燃焼させた後の排ガスは、ボイラ５で熱回収された後に外部に放出される。 Secondary combustion air from the air blower 14 is supplied to the gas mixing chamber 4. In the gas mixing chamber 4, the unburned gas in the exhaust gas that could not be completely burned in the combustion chamber 2 is completely burned. The exhaust gas after the secondary combustion in the gas mixing chamber 4 is heat-recovered in the boiler 5 and then released to the outside.

図２は、燃焼室２の拡大図を示す。１０はシュート１５の下部の仕切り板、３は給じん装置７の先端の乾燥箱、１６は受床、１７は落差壁、９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃはそれぞれ火格子の乾燥段、燃焼段、後燃焼段である。 FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the combustion chamber 2. 10 is the partition plate at the bottom of the chute 15, 3 is the drying box at the tip of the dust supply device 7, 16 is the receiving floor, 17 is the head wall, and 9a, 9b, 9c are the drying stage, combustion stage, and post-combustion of the grate, respectively. It is a step.

乾燥箱３は、底部２２と、壁２３と、を備え、給じん装置７のプッシャ２０に対して一体に設けられる。また、乾燥箱３は、プッシャ２０に固定されてもよいし、プッシャ２０に揺動可能に連結されてもよい。 The drying box 3 includes a bottom portion 22 and a wall 23, and is provided integrally with the pusher 20 of the dust supply device 7. Further, the drying box 3 may be fixed to the pusher 20 or may be swingably connected to the pusher 20.

乾燥箱３の容積は、定格処理時の給じん１回当たりの炉内投入量以上の廃棄物を格納できる容積で、例えば定格処理量Ｍトン／日のとき、Ｍ／ｎ±１０％以上（ｎは給じん装置７の１日当たりの投入回数である）に設定される。 The volume of the drying box 3 is a volume that can store more than the amount of waste input into the furnace per dust supply at the time of rated processing. For example, when the rated processing amount is M tons / day, M / n ± 10% or more ( n is the number of times the dust supply device 7 is turned on per day).

なお、乾燥箱３は、実線で示す受け位置と二点鎖線で示す乾燥段９ａ上方の乾燥位置との間を水平方向に移動可能である。受け位置では、乾燥箱３はシュート１５の下方にあり、シュート１５から落下する廃棄物を受ける。乾燥位置は、乾燥箱３の乾燥段９ａの上方、言い換えれば落差壁１７よりも炉内側にあり、乾燥箱３内の廃棄物を乾燥させる。また、給じん装置７のプッシャ２０は、乾燥箱３を受け位置と乾燥位置との間で移動させる。プッシャ２０の駆動源は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えばエアシリンダ、油圧シリンダ、電動シリンダ等を用いることができる。 The drying box 3 can move horizontally between the receiving position indicated by the solid line and the drying position above the drying stage 9a indicated by the alternate long and short dash line. At the receiving position, the drying box 3 is below the chute 15 and receives the waste falling from the chute 15. The drying position is above the drying stage 9a of the drying box 3, in other words, inside the furnace with respect to the head wall 17, and the waste in the drying box 3 is dried. Further, the pusher 20 of the dust supply device 7 moves the drying box 3 between the receiving position and the drying position. The drive source of the pusher 20 is not particularly limited, and for example, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, or the like can be used.

乾燥箱３の底部２２は、乾燥箱３に貯留した廃棄物を乾燥段９ａ上に落下させることができるように開閉可能である。底部２２の開閉は、底部２２をヒンジ軸２２ａの回りに水平位置（すなわち閉じ位置）と垂直位置（すなわち開き位置）との間を回転させるドア式でもよいし、底部２２を水平方向にスライドさせるスライド式のいずれでもよいが、ドア式、スライド式以外の開閉方式を採用することもできる。図２にはドア式の底部２２を示す。乾燥箱３は、耐熱金属製又はセラミックス製であるが、耐熱性があれば、他の材質を使用することもできる。また、乾燥箱３は、炉内の気流が乾燥箱３を通過可能、すなわち通気可能なように網目状又は多数の穴空き状等である。 The bottom 22 of the drying box 3 can be opened and closed so that the waste stored in the drying box 3 can be dropped onto the drying stage 9a. The bottom 22 may be opened or closed by a door type in which the bottom 22 is rotated around the hinge shaft 22a between a horizontal position (that is, a closed position) and a vertical position (that is, an open position), or the bottom 22 is slid horizontally. Either a sliding type may be used, but an opening / closing method other than the door type and the sliding type can also be adopted. FIG. 2 shows a door-type bottom 22. The drying box 3 is made of a heat-resistant metal or ceramics, but other materials may be used as long as it has heat resistance. Further, the drying box 3 has a mesh shape or a large number of holes so that the air flow in the furnace can pass through the drying box 3, that is, can be ventilated.

シュート１５の下部には、開閉可能な仕切り板１０が設けられる。仕切り板１０の開閉は、例えば仕切り板１０を水平方向にスライドさせるスライド式である。仕切り板１０を開くと、シュート１５内の廃棄物が切り出されて乾燥箱３内に格納される。仕切り板１０を閉じると、シュート１５内の廃棄物が切り出されることなく、シュート１５内に留まる。 A partition plate 10 that can be opened and closed is provided below the chute 15. The partition plate 10 is opened and closed by, for example, a slide type in which the partition plate 10 is slid in the horizontal direction. When the partition plate 10 is opened, the waste in the chute 15 is cut out and stored in the drying box 3. When the partition plate 10 is closed, the waste in the chute 15 is not cut out and stays in the chute 15.

炉内への廃棄物の供給手順は、以下のとおりである。まず、シュート１５の下部の仕切り板１０を開き、シュート１５内の廃棄物を受け位置にある乾燥箱３に所定量格納する。次に、仕切り板１０を閉じ、給じん装置７が乾燥箱３を受け位置から乾燥位置まで移動させる。 The procedure for supplying waste into the furnace is as follows. First, the partition plate 10 at the bottom of the chute 15 is opened, and a predetermined amount of the waste in the chute 15 is stored in the drying box 3 at the receiving position. Next, the partition plate 10 is closed, and the dust supply device 7 moves the drying box 3 from the receiving position to the drying position.

給じん装置７は、乾燥箱３を乾燥位置に置いたまま一定時間ｔ保持する。乾燥箱３内の廃棄物は、燃焼室２内の火炎８のふく射熱及び対流熱により乾燥する。ここで、１日当たりの廃棄物処理計画によって給じん装置７の投入回数が決定され、給じん装置７の投入回数によって一定時間ｔが決定される。例えば、１日当たりの給じん装置７の投入回数がｎの場合、一定時間ｔは２４／ｎ（時間）で表される。 The dust supply device 7 holds the drying box 3 in the drying position for a certain period of time. The waste in the drying box 3 is dried by the radiant heat and convection heat of the flame 8 in the combustion chamber 2. Here, the number of times the dust supply device 7 is put in is determined by the waste treatment plan per day, and the fixed time t is determined by the number of times the dust supply device 7 is put in. For example, when the number of times the dust supply device 7 is turned on per day is n, the fixed time t is represented by 24 / n (hours).

一定時間ｔ経過後、乾燥箱３の底部２２を開き、乾燥した廃棄物を乾燥段９ａ上に落下させる。乾燥段９ａ上に落下した廃棄物は、従来の廃棄物焼却炉と同様に焼却処理される。 After a lapse of a certain period of time, the bottom 22 of the drying box 3 is opened, and the dried waste is dropped onto the drying stage 9a. The waste that has fallen onto the drying stage 9a is incinerated in the same manner as in a conventional waste incinerator.

なお、本発明は上記実施形態に具現化されるのに限られることはなく、本発明の要旨を変更しない範囲で他の実施形態に変更可能である。 The present invention is not limited to being embodied in the above embodiment, and can be changed to another embodiment without changing the gist of the present invention.

例えば、上記実施形態では、火格子下の風箱を４つに分割しているが、風箱の分割数は４に限られることはなく、１以上にすることができる。 For example, in the above embodiment, the air box under the grate is divided into four, but the number of divisions of the air box is not limited to four and can be one or more.

上記実施形態では、可動火格子の摺動運動によって、廃棄物の搬送を行っているが、廃棄物がその自重によって移動するように火格子を傾斜させることもできる。 In the above embodiment, the waste is transported by the sliding motion of the movable grate, but the grate can be tilted so that the waste moves by its own weight.

１…ホッパ
２…燃焼室
３…乾燥箱
７…給じん装置
９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃ…火格子
１０…仕切り板
１５…シュート
２０…プッシャ
２２…乾燥箱の底部 1 ... Hopper 2 ... Combustion chamber 3 ... Drying box 7 ... Dust supply device 9a, 9b, 9c ... Grate 10 ... Partition plate 15 ... Shoot 20 ... Pusher 22 ... Bottom of drying box

Claims (5)

ホッパに投入された廃棄物を給じん装置のプッシャによって燃焼室の火格子上に供給して焼却する廃棄物焼却炉において、
前記給じん装置の前記プッシャと、シュートから落下する廃棄物を受け、前記火格子の上方まで移動する乾燥箱を一体に設け、
前記乾燥箱で乾燥させた前記廃棄物を前記火格子上に落下させ、
前記乾燥箱は内部に前記廃棄物を格納可能である廃棄物焼却炉。 In a waste incinerator that incinerates the waste put into the hopper by supplying it onto the grate of the combustion chamber by the pusher of the dust supply device.
The pusher of the dust supply device and a drying box that receives the waste falling from the chute and moves to the upper part of the grate are integrally provided.
The waste dried in the drying box is dropped onto the grate, and the waste is dropped onto the grate .
The drying box is a waste incinerator capable of storing the waste inside. 前記シュートの下部に開閉可能な仕切り板を設け、
前記仕切り板を開いて前記乾燥箱に廃棄物を格納することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の廃棄物焼却炉。 A partition plate that can be opened and closed is provided at the bottom of the chute.
The waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the partition plate is opened to store the waste in the drying box. ホッパに投入された廃棄物を給じん装置のプッシャによって燃焼室の火格子上に供給して焼却する廃棄物焼却炉において、
前記給じん装置の前記プッシャと、シュートから落下する廃棄物を受け、前記火格子の上方まで移動する乾燥箱を一体に設け、
前記乾燥箱で乾燥させた前記廃棄物を前記火格子上に落下させ、
前記乾燥箱の底部は、前記乾燥箱に貯留した前記廃棄物を前記火格子上に落下させることができるように開閉可能である廃棄物焼却炉。 In a waste incinerator that incinerates the waste put into the hopper by supplying it onto the grate of the combustion chamber by the pusher of the dust supply device.
The pusher of the dust supply device and a drying box that receives the waste falling from the chute and moves to the upper part of the grate are integrally provided.
The waste dried in the drying box is dropped onto the grate, and the waste is dropped onto the grate.
The bottom of the drying box, the dry the waste accumulated in box can be opened and closed so that it can be dropped on the grate der Ru waste incinerator. 前記乾燥箱は、耐熱金属製又はセラミックス製であると共に通気可能であることを特徴とする請求項１ないし３のいずれか一項に記載の廃棄物焼却炉。 The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the drying box is made of a refractory metal or ceramics and is breathable. ホッパに投入された廃棄物を給じん装置のプッシャによって燃焼室の火格子上に供給して焼却する廃棄物焼却方法において、
前記給じん装置の前記プッシャと、シュートから落下する廃棄物を受け、前記火格子の上方まで移動する乾燥箱を一体に設け、
前記乾燥箱で乾燥させた前記廃棄物を前記火格子上に落下させ、
前記乾燥箱は内部に前記廃棄物を格納可能である廃棄物焼却方法。 In the waste incineration method in which the waste put into the hopper is supplied onto the grate of the combustion chamber by the pusher of the dust supply device and incinerated.
The pusher of the dust supply device and a drying box that receives the waste falling from the chute and moves to the upper part of the grate are integrally provided.
The waste dried in the drying box is dropped onto the grate, and the waste is dropped onto the grate .
A waste incinerator method in which the drying box can store the waste inside.
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