JP2007322099A - Dry distillation gasification combustion furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dry distillation gasification combustion furnace capable of reducing consumption of external fuel, and capable of carrying out high temperature combustion of even waste with a high moisture content unable to burn by itself, without generating black smoke or white smoke. <P>SOLUTION: An air supply pipe 9 is vertically provided in a space above a fire grate 4 of a combustion chamber 2, plural jet holes 9a with predetermined intervals in between are provided in the air supply pipe 9 to radially jetting out air A, a blast pipe 5 supplying the air A of a smaller amount than the air supply pipe 9 to objects S to be incinerated is provided in a center part of the fire grate 4, and an ignition burner 7 is provided in a sideways position of the fire grate 4. The objects S to be incinerate on the fire grate 4 are maintained in a fumigation state by the air A of the blast pipe 5 to generate gas. The gas is mixed with the air curtain like air A of the air supply pipe 9, and a high temperature combustion film is formed so as to cut off the combustion chamber 2. In the objects S to be incinerated, since gasification is continued only by radiation of the combustion film, the ignition burner 7 can be stopped partway. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a dry distillation gasification combustion furnace suitable for incineration of wastes such as food sludge containing a lot of moisture and animal manure.

  Conventionally, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose combustion furnaces that can incinerate waste containing a lot of moisture. The technique of Patent Document 1 is characterized by a structure in which a spraying device for spraying an incinerator is provided at the upper part of the combustion furnace and a burner is provided at the lower part of the combustion furnace. Is evaporated by the hot gas of the burner, and the solid content is burned by the flame of the burner.

  Moreover, the technique of patent document 2 provides the inlet of an incinerator in the upper part of a combustion furnace, provides the umbrella-shaped rotary blade directly under the inlet, and three air supply parts which supply air in a combustion furnace And the burner is provided on the side of the combustion furnace, so that the incinerated material is uniformly fed into the furnace space with the rotary blades and burned evenly with the flame of the burner. It is a thing.

  By the way, in these techniques, it is necessary to continue to supply fuel in order to sustain combustion, and there is a problem that fuel cost increases. Therefore, a blast pipe with a plurality of jet holes that radiate air radially is piped in the space above the grate in the combustion furnace, and the unburned gas generated in the lower stage is regenerated by the upper stage combustion air. Patent Document 3 discloses a gasification incinerator which can be burned and can eliminate the need for fuel supply at that time.

However, since this technology supplies air for gasifying and burning the incinerated material on the grate and air for burning the generated gas in the space above the grate in the same pipe, the amount of air is independent. However, a large amount of air blows away the incinerator on the grate, and a small amount of air is difficult to burn. Therefore, incinerated materials that can be easily combusted can be combusted even with a small amount of air, but food sludge with high moisture content and animal manure have a problem that they are unsuitable because they require a large amount of air for combustion.
JP-A-10-115411 JP 2000-97412 A Registered Utility Model No. 3092388

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve these conventional problems, to reduce the amount of fuel used, and to prevent wastes with high moisture content that cannot be self-combusted, without generating black smoke or white smoke. An object of the present invention is to provide a dry distillation gasification combustion furnace capable of high temperature combustion.

The configuration of the present invention that solves this problem is as follows.
1) An air supply pipe is provided vertically in the space above the grate of the combustion furnace, and a plurality of ejection holes for ejecting air radially are provided in the air supply pipe at predetermined intervals, and air is supplied from below the grate. Dry distillation gasification combustion furnace 2) provided with a blower pipe for supplying a small amount of air from the pipe to the incineration object, and provided with an ignition burner at a side position of the grate. The dry distillation gasification combustion furnace according to 1), wherein the ejection holes are formed so as to be arranged in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction. 3) A heat exchanger is installed in the space above the air supply pipe of the combustion furnace. The dry distillation gasification combustion furnace described in 1) or 2) is provided in the dry distillation gasification combustion furnace described in any one of 1) to 3), in which a dust collector is provided at the upper part of the combustion furnace.

  According to the present invention, after the incinerated material is put into the combustion furnace, the ignition burner is operated and air is supplied by the air supply pipe and the blower pipe, and the air in the air supply pipe forms a plurality of stages of air curtains. Erupt radially. The amount of air in the blower pipe is adjusted to be smaller than that of the air supply pipe. The incinerated material placed on the grate is ignited by an ignition burner, and is burned by the air in the blast pipe to generate gas. The gas is mixed with the air in the air supply pipe to form a high-temperature combustion film that shuts off the inside of the combustion furnace, and the incinerated material is continuously gasified by the radiation of the combustion film and the heat storage of the refractory material.

  Therefore, even if the ignition burner is stopped halfway thereafter, the fuel is constantly burned without the need for other heat sources. Therefore, the fuel is used only at the initial stage of operation, and the supply during continuous operation is unnecessary, so that the fuel can be saved greatly. That is, the cycle of moisture evaporation, gas generation, mixing with air in the form of air curtain, combustion, and heat storage of radiant heat can be formed even after the ignition burner is stopped by the radiant heat of the refractory material storing the combustion heat of the ignition burner. In particular, since a small amount of air is supplied to the grate from the air supply pipe by the blower pipe, the incineration object on the grate is stably gasified and combusted with a small quantity of air without blowing away, and the generated gas is It is reliably burned by a large amount of air in the space, and enables high-temperature combustion to be sustained even with waste having a high water content compared to the prior art.

  It is desirable that the plurality of jet holes in one stage of the air supply pipe of the present invention be formed so as to be arranged in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction. If formed in a single row, the amount of air ejection is insufficient, and if the ejection holes are formed large, the durability of the air supply pipe is reduced. A dust collector is installed in the upper part of the combustion furnace so that dust can be separated and exhaust gas discharged. In the space above the air supply pipe, a device that creates hot air from the exhaust gas using a heat exchanger or a device that creates hot water from the exhaust gas using a water heater may be provided so that the waste heat can be used effectively. Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a dry distillation gasification combustion furnace of the embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side view of the air supply pipe of the embodiment and its AA sectional view, and FIG. 3 shows the ejection of air from the air supply pipe of the embodiment. It is sectional drawing of a dry distillation gasification combustion furnace. In the figure, 1 is a dry distillation gasification combustion furnace, 1a is an iron shell, 1b is a refractory material, 2 is a combustion chamber, 2a is an inspection hole, 3 is an ash chamber, 3a is an ash removal door, 4 is a grate, 4a is Swing lever, 5 is a blower pipe, 6 is a blower, 7 is an ignition burner, 8 is a shut-off gate, 9 is an air supply pipe, 9a is an ejection hole, 10 is a relay pipe, 11 is a blower, 12 is a charging device, 12a is A piston, 12b is a door, 12c is a transfer conveyor, 13 is a combustion chamber lid, 14 is a dust collector, 15 is a heat exchanger, 16 is a blower, A is air, H is ash, and S is an incinerator.

  The dry distillation gasification combustion furnace 1 of the present embodiment has a cylindrical combustion chamber 2 having an open top and an ash distillation chamber 3 for containing ash H as shown in FIG. The refractory material 1b made of alumina castable is covered. Below the combustion chamber 2 is provided a grate 4 on which the incinerated material S is placed, and a swing lever 4a for swinging the grate 4 and dropping the ash H is provided. A blower pipe 5 provided with a plurality of blower holes for ejecting air A radially is provided at the center of the grate 4, and a blower 6 for supplying the air A to the blower pipe 5 is provided outside the dry distillation gasification combustion furnace 1. Provided. An ignition burner 7 is provided at a position slightly above the side of the grate 4, and an inspection hole 2 a is provided by opening the side of the combustion chamber 2. Below the grate 4 is provided a double-structured shut-off gate 8 that accommodates and blocks the fallen ash H in the ash distillation chamber 3 so that the ash H in the ash distillation chamber 3 can be opened and closed in the dry distillation gasification combustion furnace 1. An ash removal door 3a to be taken out is provided.

  Above the grate 4, an air supply pipe 9 having a plurality of ejection holes 9 a for ejecting air A radially is provided, and a blower 11 that supplies the air A to the air supply pipe 9 is provided in the dry distillation gasification combustion furnace 1. It is provided outside and connected to the relay pipe 10. The ejection holes 9a have a diameter of 5 to 6 mm, and as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of the ejection holes 9a are arranged at 16 points per stage so as to be arranged in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction, and are arranged at regular intervals along the vertical direction. Formed in steps, the end is closed. A side position of the air supply pipe 9 in the combustion chamber 2 is opened, and a charging device 12 having a door 12b for pushing out and injecting the incinerated material S with a piston 12a is provided. The charging device 12 is configured to manually open and close the door 12b and sequentially input the incinerated material S. However, it is also possible to automatically open and close the door 12b by providing moving supply means such as a transfer conveyor 12c. Since the present invention is particularly aimed at the treatment of food sludge and animal manure, installation of a continuous feeding device by a screw feeding device is also included in the options. A combustion chamber lid 13 is provided at the top of the combustion chamber 2, a dust collector 14 is attached to the side of the combustion chamber 2, a heat exchanger 15 is provided in the upper space of the air supply pipe 9, and a blower 16 that sends air to the heat exchanger 15 is provided. Provided.

  The incinerated material S is pushed out by the piston 12 a and put into the combustion chamber 2, the ignition burner 7 is operated, and the air A is supplied to the combustion chamber 2 by the blowers 6 and 11. The air A in the air supply pipe 9 is ejected radially from the central portion toward the refractory material 1b as shown in FIG. 3 and is partially overlapped (hatched) by a staggered arrangement. An air curtain is formed. The supply amount of the air A of the blower pipe 5 is adjusted to a small amount of about 1/10 of the air supply pipe 9. The fuel for the ignition burner 7 uses kerosene.

  The incinerator S placed on the grate 4 receives a fire type by the ignition burner 7 and keeps the beaten state with the air A of the blower pipe 5 to generate gas. The gas is mixed with the air A in the air supply pipe 9 to form a plurality of high-temperature combustion films that block the combustion chamber 2, and the incinerated object S is continuously gasified only by the radiation of the combustion film. The refractory material 1b accumulates combustion heat and becomes radiant heat, and the incinerated object S is completely burned and ashed. The exhaust gas is cooled by the heat exchanger 15 and the air from the blower 16 is heated to produce hot air, which is used for a dryer (not shown) or the like. Combustion is stabilized by the constant supply of the incinerated material S to the charging device 12 and can be unmanned. The grate 4 has good ventilation due to rocking, and the position where optimum combustion is performed is stabilized. The ash chamber 3 is shielded from the combustion chamber 2 by the shut-off gate 8, and the ash H can be discharged to the outside even during combustion, so that the work can be performed efficiently and the entire furnace becomes compact.

  After that, even if the ignition burner 7 is stopped halfway, the fuel is constantly burned without the need for other heat sources, and the fuel is used only at the beginning of operation, and supply during continuous operation is unnecessary. The amount of fuel used until the ignition burner 7 was stopped was approximately 10 L / h. The flame formed by the ejection of air A was visible and no black smoke was observed. When the temperature of the combustion chamber 2 was measured by a thermocouple at the middle position of the air supply pipe 9 in the vertical direction, it was confirmed that a high temperature of 800 to 1100 ° C. was achieved. Since such high-temperature combustion is achieved in the state where there is no auxiliary combustion by the ignition burner 7, the air A supplied to the combustion chamber 2 is heated to a certain degree by heat transfer from the flame to the air supply pipe 9. It is expected that

  Table 1 shows the results of measuring various harmful emissions contained in the exhaust gas. For incinerators with a processing capacity of less than 50 kg / h, there is no obligation to measure dioxins and dust, but reference values for incinerators with a processing capacity of 50 to 200 kg / h are shown for reference.

  In this way, the generation of various harmful emissions is sufficiently suppressed. In the gasification stage and the subsequent combustion stage, the generation of harmful substances is very small, and it can be confirmed that combustion close to complete combustion is achieved. In order to achieve such combustion, it is considered that the space above the combustion chamber 2 plays a role like a secondary combustion chamber by arranging the circumferential ejection holes 9a in a plurality of stages along the vertical direction. It is done.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the incinerated material S is indirectly heated and gasified while suppressing the generation of dioxins as much as possible even though the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber are not distinguished from each other. In addition, the fuel supplied from the outside other than the incinerator S is required only in the initial stage of operation, and a self-supporting operation that is not required in a steady state can be achieved. Furthermore, the combustion chamber 2 was kept at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher, and the result of exhaust gas analysis confirmed that the generation of harmful emissions was sufficiently suppressed.

  Therefore, in the combustion of self-combustible paper waste, wood waste, waste plastic, rubber, etc., whether it is oxidation combustion or dry distillation gasification combustion, it often exceeds 1000 ° C. during combustion, but the water content is 40 to There is no other example in which 50% food sludge or animal manure is burned, the water that evaporates is decomposed and hydrogen is burned to maintain a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher.

  The dry distillation gasification combustion furnace of the present invention burns not only waste that can be combusted but also waste that contains a lot of water, such as food sludge and animal manure, and waste heat obtained from high-temperature combustion. Can be used for facilities that require

It is explanatory drawing of the dry distillation gasification combustion furnace of an Example. It is the side view of the air supply pipe of an Example, and its AA sectional drawing. It is sectional drawing of the dry distillation gasification combustion furnace which shows the ejection of the air of the air supply pipe | tube of an Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dry distillation gasification combustion furnace 1a Iron skin 1b Refractory material 2 Combustion chamber 2a Inspection hole 3 Ash distillation chamber 3a Ashing door 4 Grate 4a Swing lever 5 Blower pipe 6 Blower 7 Ignition burner 8 Shut-off gate 9 Air supply pipe 9a Ejection Hole 10 Relay pipe 11 Blower 12 Input device 12a Piston 12b Door 12c Transfer conveyor 13 Combustion chamber lid 14 Dust collector 15 Heat exchanger 16 Blower A Air H Ash S Incinerator

Claims (4)

  An air supply pipe is provided vertically in the space above the fire grate of the combustion furnace, and a plurality of ejection holes for ejecting air radially are provided in the air supply pipe at predetermined intervals. From the air supply pipe from below the grate A dry distillation gasification combustion furnace provided with a blower pipe for supplying a small amount of air to the incinerated object and provided with an ignition burner at a side position of the grate.   The dry distillation gasification combustion furnace according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of ejection holes in one stage of the air supply pipe are formed so as to be arranged in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction.   The dry distillation gasification combustion furnace of Claim 1 or 2 which provided the heat exchanger in the upper space of the air supply pipe | tube of a combustion furnace.   The dry distillation gasification combustion furnace in any one of Claims 1-3 which provided the dust collector in the upper part of the combustion furnace.

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