JP2006008736A - Carbonization treatment apparatus for organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbonization treatment apparatus for organic waste, with which piping is not clogged with tar, soot, etc., contained in dry-distilled gas, which is continuously operated for many hours, wholly simplified, miniaturized, reduces an installation cost and maintenance cost, has excellent heat conduction efficiency, a small fuel amount of consumption, remarkably reduces a running cost in comparison with a conventional carbonization treatment apparatus and yet has high removal efficiency of harmful component and offensive smell component. <P>SOLUTION: A gasification carbonization furnace 3 is installed in a combustion furnace 5 while leaving a combustion space 6. Dry-distilled gas is generated while stirring organic waste in the gasification carbonization furnace 3 by a stirrer 9, the dry-distilled gas is directly introduced from the dry-distilled gas outlet 3c of the gasification carbonization furnace 3 to the combustion space 6, burnt and the combustion gas is introduced from a combustion gas inlet 3d to the gasification carbonization furnace 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an organic waste carbonization apparatus capable of carbonizing organic waste containing water such as food residue, organic sludge, and plant waste by dry distillation and effectively using the dry distillation gas.

  As an apparatus of this type, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-248282) discloses a rotary kiln that evaporates and drys the raw material, and carbonization that carbonizes the dried raw material through a relay conveyor. A biological residue treatment apparatus comprising a cylinder, a box-shaped carbonization cylinder heating chamber for heating the carbonization cylinder, and a dry distillation gas combustion chamber for burning dry distillation gas from the carbonization cylinder together with combustion gas from the carbonization cylinder heating chamber It is disclosed. In this apparatus, burners are provided in each of the separated rotary kiln, carbonization cylinder heating chamber, and dry distillation gas combustion chamber, and each of these burns fuel such as oil. Moreover, the carbonization cylinder is installed in the carbonization cylinder heating chamber, heated from the surroundings by the flame from the burner, and the dry distillation gas generated in the carbonization cylinder and the combustion gas generated in the carbonization cylinder heating chamber are each flue ( It is sent to a dry distillation gas combustion chamber through a pipe), where it is burned again by a burner, and then sent to a rotary kiln through a flue (pipe) to be used for drying raw materials.

However, this has the following problems.
(1) The dry distillation gas generated in the carbonization cylinder is sent to the dry distillation gas combustion chamber through the flue (pipe) for recombustion, but the dry distillation gas generated in the carbonization cylinder has a large amount of tar and soot. As a result, the flue (pipe) is blocked in a short time. Therefore, long-time continuous operation is impossible.
(2) A rotary kiln with a burner for drying the raw material before carbonization by the carbonization cylinder, and a dry distillation gas combustion chamber with a burner for recombusting the dry distillation gas generated in the carbonization cylinder together with the combustion gas generated in the carbonization cylinder heating chamber Since the apparatus is separately provided, the apparatus becomes large and complicated, and the equipment cost and the maintenance cost become high.
(3) In order to prevent combustion in the carbonization cylinder, the carbonization cylinder is installed in the carbonization cylinder heating chamber, the flame from the burner is blown into the carbonization cylinder heating chamber, and the carbonization cylinder is indirectly heated by the flame from its surroundings. However, after the combustion gas generated in the carbonization cylinder heating chamber is not sent into the carbonization cylinder, it is burned separately in the dry distillation gas combustion chamber through the flue (pipe) together with the dry distillation gas generated in the carbonization cylinder. Since it is used for drying in a rotary kiln, not only the heat conduction efficiency is poor, but the removal efficiency of harmful components and odorous components is generally poor.
(4) Since the carbonization cannot be performed unless the flame from the burner is always blown into the carbonization cylinder heating chamber, the consumption of combustion is large and the running cost becomes high.
JP 2000-248282 A

  The problem of the present invention is that piping is not clogged with tar or soot contained in dry distillation gas, continuous operation for a long time is possible, and the entire apparatus can be simplified and miniaturized to reduce the equipment cost. Organic waste that can reduce maintenance and maintenance costs, has good heat conduction efficiency, consumes little fuel, can significantly reduce running costs, and has a high removal efficiency of harmful and odorous components. It is providing the carbonization processing apparatus of a thing.

  An organic waste carbonization apparatus according to the present invention is installed in a combustion furnace, a combustion source for causing combustion of dry distillation gas in the combustion furnace, and leaving a combustion space in the combustion furnace. A gasification carbonization furnace having a combustion gas introduction port for introducing a combustion gas burned in the combustion space of the combustion furnace and facing the dry distillation gas outlet in the space, and organic in the gasification carbonization furnace Equipped with a carry-in mechanism for carrying in waste and a stirrer for stirring the carried-in organic waste in the gasification carbonization furnace, while carbonizing the organic waste while stirring in the gasification carbonization furnace A dry distillation gas is generated, the dry distillation gas is directly introduced into the combustion space of the combustion furnace from the dry distillation gas outlet of the gasification carbonization furnace and burned, and the combustion gas is introduced into the gasification carbonization furnace from the combustion gas inlet. It is characterized by that.

According to the apparatus of the present invention, when organic waste is thermally decomposed in an oxygen-free state, it is gasified, and combustible dry distillation gas, harmful tar, smoke, and bad odor are generated. Here, the dry distillation gas generated in the gasification carbonization furnace is directly introduced into the combustion furnace without passing through the piping, the dry distillation gas burns in the combustion furnace, and the combustion gas is transferred from the combustion furnace into the gasification carbonization furnace. They are introduced directly and circulate between the gasification carbonization furnace and the combustion furnace. In the meantime, tar, smoke and foul odors are gasified, smokeless and brominated.
Since the gasification carbonization furnace is installed in the combustion furnace, the organic waste in the gasification carbonization furnace is indirectly heated from the surroundings by the combustion heat from the combustion in the combustion furnace, and the combustion gas is It is directly introduced into the gasification carbonization furnace from the combustion furnace and directly heated by the heat. As a result, high-temperature and high-humidity drying with high-temperature superheated steam that uses a hot air direct circulation system without piping and the higher the humidity, the higher the drying speed, and the air is replaced with water vapor and becomes oxygen-free. It does not oxidize, does not burn or burn even at a high temperature of 300 ° C. or higher, and does not harden the surface and is uniformly dried and carbonized in a porous state. Moreover, since only excess water vapor can be discharged out of the system, the amount of exhaust gas and malodorous components are extremely reduced, and the thermal efficiency is good. Further, the combustion of the dry distillation gas in the combustion furnace is continued only by keeping the combustion furnace at a constant temperature and supplying a minimum amount of air necessary for the dry distillation gas to burn.
Therefore, the piping is not clogged with tar or soot contained in the dry distillation gas, and continuous operation for a long time is possible, and the entire device can be simplified and downsized to reduce equipment costs and maintenance costs. In addition, the heat conduction efficiency is good, the fuel consumption is small, the running cost can be significantly reduced as compared with the prior art, and the removal efficiency of harmful components and odorous components is also high.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are as follows.
The combustion source keeps burning the dry distillation gas by keeping the inside of the combustion furnace at a constant temperature.

The combustion furnace and gasification carbonization furnace are horizontally long, the carbonization gas outlet of the gasification carbonization furnace is close to the place where the organic waste is carried in by the carry-in mechanism, and the combustion gas inlet of the gasification carbonization furnace is Provide on the opposite side.
In this way, high-temperature and high-humidity drying with high-temperature superheated steam in the gasification carbonization furnace can be performed efficiently.

The gasification carbonization furnace is inclined so that the dry distillation gas outlet side is high and the combustion gas inlet side is low.
If it does in this way, feeding and stirring of organic waste in a gasification carbonization furnace can be performed smoothly.

  A heat exchanger is provided that introduces exhaust gas from the combustion space of the combustion furnace and uses it as a heat exchange medium. This heat exchanger recovers the heat of the exhaust gas (mainly water vapor) from the combustion space of the combustion furnace by exchanging the heat of the exhaust gas with water or air for hot water supply or for generating hot air Available.

A shutter for shutting off heat from the gasification carbonization furnace is provided between the gasification carbonization furnace and a carrying-in mechanism for carrying the organic waste into the gasification carbonization furnace so as to be openable and closable.
If it does in this way, the organic waste in the carrying-in stand-by state will be hardened by drying and hardening or carbonizing before carrying in with the heat from a gasification carbonization furnace, and it will not become impossible to carry in.

The stirrer has a stirring blade with a spiral blade for feeding a stirring, a group of protrusions for primary stirring and grinding, and a group of stirring and grinding pieces for secondary stirring and grinding from the side of carrying in the organic waste. It is provided sequentially toward the side.
In this way, the organic waste that has entered the gasification carbonization furnace is fed with stirring with a spiral blade for stirring feed, and is pulverized while stirring with a group of projections for primary stirring and grinding, followed by secondary stirring. Since it is further finely pulverized while stirring with a stirring pulverized piece group for pulverization, the carbonization time can be shortened by increasing the surface area of thermal decomposition, and a uniform powdery carbide can be obtained. It is expensive and does not require moisture absorption or troublesome secondary treatment.

The stirrer is further provided with a stirring bar extending in both the sections of the primary stirring and grinding protrusion group and the secondary stirring and grinding piece group in parallel to the stirring rotation axis.
In this manner, the organic waste can be pulverized as described above with the protrusion group for primary agitation pulverization and the stirring pulverization piece group for the secondary agitation pulverization while agitation of the organic waste with a long agitation bar. Time can be further reduced.

In FIG. 1, the process by the carbonization processing apparatus of this invention is shown with a flowchart.
The organic waste as the raw material charged into the hopper 1 is carried into the horizontally long gasification carbonization furnace 3 by the carry-in mechanism 2, but only when the shutter 4 at the tip of the carry-in mechanism 2 is opened. This is done from the raw material inlet 3a.

  The organic waste after crushing that has entered the gasification carbonization furnace 3 is stirred and pulverized by the stirrer 9 in the gasification carbonization furnace 3, toward the carbide discharge port 3 b on the side opposite to the raw material inlet 3 a. Sent.

  The gasification carbonization furnace 3 is installed with the combustion space 6 left in the combustion furnace 5 and slightly inclined so that the carbide discharge port 3b side is lowered, and a dry distillation gas outlet 3c provided on the raw material inlet 3a side is connected to the combustion space 6. The combustion gas inlet 3d provided on the carbide outlet 3b side is communicated with the combustion space 6 while facing the inside.

  Since hot air is blown into the combustion space 6 near the dry distillation gas outlet 3c from a hot air burner 7 which is a combustion source provided outside one end of the combustion furnace 5, the dry distillation gas generated in the gasification carbonization furnace 3 is It is directly introduced into the combustion space 6 without being connected to the piping and burned, and the combustion gas is introduced into the gasification carbonization furnace 3 through the combustion gas inlet 3d and circulated. In some cases, it does not circulate depending on the combustion conditions.

  The organic waste in the gasification carbonization furnace 3 is directly heated by the combustion gas (800 ° C. or higher) from the combustion space 6 while being stirred and pulverized by the stirrer 9, and is also produced by combustion in the combustion space 6. It is heated indirectly from the surroundings by combustion heat.

  Therefore, the conditions in the gasification carbonization furnace 3 are high-temperature and high-humidity drying with high-temperature superheated steam that uses a hot air direct circulation system without piping, and the drying rate increases as the humidity increases. It becomes an oxygen state. For this reason, the organic waste is not oxidized, burned, burned, and uniformly dried to the inside in a porous state without being hardened and carbonized. Further, when the gas circulates between the gasification carbonization furnace 3 and the combustion furnace 5, tar, smoke, and bad odor in the gas are gasified, smokeless, and bromide-free. The carbide is carried out of the system by the carry-out conveyor 14 through the carbide discharge port 3b.

  On the other hand, the surplus combustion gas in the combustion space 6 is sent into the heat exchanger 8 installed outside the combustion furnace 5 by the suction pressure by the exhaust fan 8a, where it is exchanged with water for hot water supply, for example. Exhausted.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described in detail.
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the entire carbonization apparatus is mounted on a movable machine casing 10 with an outrigger. The combustion furnace 5 is in the shape of a horizontally long box having a rectangular cross section and is installed horizontally on the machine frame 10. The gasification carbonization furnace 3 has a horizontally long cylindrical shape and is slightly inclined so as to penetrate the combustion furnace 5 at a position above the center line in the combustion furnace 5 and to lower the carbide discharge port 3b side. The space remaining in the combustion furnace 5 is supported by both end walls, and serves as a combustion space 6.

  A rotating rod 11 for preventing the organic waste introduced into the hopper 1 from bridging is mounted on the upper end of the ceiling wall 5a of the combustion furnace 5, and on the lower side thereof is a carry-in mechanism 2. A certain carrying-in conveyor (screw conveyor) 12 is installed almost horizontally.

  Further, a raw material charging duct 13 that penetrates the ceiling wall 5a and enters the gasification carbonization furnace 3 and also serves as the raw material inlet 3a is vertically supported in the combustion furnace 5. As shown in FIG. 6, the leading end of the carry-in conveyor 12 rushes into the raw material charging duct 13 and the discharge port, which is the leading opening of the loading conveyor 12, is inside the raw material charging duct 13. Thus, the shutter 4 is opened and closed. The shutter 4 is automatically opened and closed by driving a motor 16 of a shutter opening / closing mechanism 15 installed on the raw material charging duct 13, and the organic waste in the carry-in conveyor 12 is discharged from the gasification carbonization furnace 3. Insulate so that it does not clog by carbonization before loading with heat.

  A hot air burner 7 as a combustion source is installed outside one end of the side wall of the combustion furnace 5. The hot air burner 7 burns fuel, such as kerosene, inside the burner (external to the combustion furnace 5) as necessary, and uses the combustion heat as hot air from a hot air inlet 17 at one end of the combustion furnace 5. By blowing into the combustion space 6, the inside of the combustion space 6 is kept at a certain temperature or higher, the dry distillation gas from the introduced gasification carbonization furnace 3 is combusted, and between the gasification carbonization furnace 3 and the combustion space 6. It is also a wind source that circulates gas. When the temperature in the combustion space 6 is kept above a certain level only by burning the dry distillation gas, the hot air burner 7 does not burn. The hot air burner 7 may use an electric heater.

  Fresh air can be supplied into the combustion space 6 from the one end wall 5 b of the combustion furnace 5 through the supply pipe 19, and the air necessary for combustion of the dry distillation gas is supplied into the combustion space 6.

  The gasification carbonization furnace 3 is provided with a dry distillation gas outlet 3c closer to one end than the raw material inlet 3a. The dry distillation gas outlet 3c opens into the combustion space 6 near the hot air inlet 17 of the combustion furnace 5, and the dry distillation gas of the gasification carbonization furnace 3 directly enters the combustion space 6 and at the same time from the hot air inlet 17. It burns naturally in a high temperature atmosphere with hot air.

  On the opposite side, a combustion gas outlet 20 is provided in the combustion furnace 5, and a combustion gas inlet 3 d is provided in the gasification carbonization furnace 3. The combustion gas outlet 20 communicates with the combustion gas inlet 3d and is connected to a heat exchanger 8 installed outside the combustion furnace 5 through a gas duct 21 so that the combustion gas generated in the combustion space 6 Is partially introduced into the gasification carbonization furnace 3 and the remainder is introduced into the heat exchanger 8.

  The combustion gas (mainly excess water vapor) introduced into the heat exchanger 8 is subjected to heat exchange with water or air by the heat exchange pipe group 22 shown in FIG.

  On the other hand, the combustion gas introduced into the gasification carbonization furnace 3 directly heats the organic waste sent to the carbide discharge port 3b while being stirred and pulverized by the stirrer 9 in the gasification carbonization furnace 3. .

  The stirrer 9 is rotated by a stirring motor 23 installed outside the gasification carbonization furnace 3 and the combustion furnace 5. The stirrer 9 has a special structure. Next, the structure will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The stirring rotating shaft 9a of the stirrer 9 has a spiral blade 24 for feeding a stirring, a projection group 25 for primary stirring and pulverization from the raw material charging side to the discharging side (right side to left side in FIG. 8), two A stirring pulverization piece group 26 for the next stirring pulverization is sequentially provided, and a plurality of lengths exceeding both sections of the protrusion group 25 for primary stirring pulverization and the stirring pulverization piece group 26 for secondary stirring pulverization are provided. A stirring long bar 27 is installed in parallel with the rotation shaft 23 by a plurality of support rings 28. 9, 10, 11, and 12 are cross-sectional views of respective parts viewed at positions AA, BB, CC, and DD in FIG. 8.

  The spiral blade 24 for stirring feed feeds the organic waste that has entered the gasification carbonization furnace 3 to the side of the projection group 25 for primary stirring and grinding while stirring.

  The projection group 25 for primary agitation and pulverization includes a large number of linear rod-like projections arranged in rows at intervals in the axial direction of the agitation rotating shaft 9a, and the rows are arranged in a plurality of rows at intervals in the circumferential direction. The organic waste that is sent is pulverized with stirring.

  The agitation pulverization group 26 for secondary agitation pulverization has a large number of F-shaped agitation pulverization pieces arranged in rows in the axial direction of the agitation rotating shaft 9a, and the rows are spaced in the circumferential direction. The organic waste that is sent is pulverized more finely with stirring.

  The plurality of stirring rods 27 stir organic waste over a wide range after the spiral blade 24.

  The organic waste that has entered the gasification carbonization furnace 3 is directly heated by the circulated combustion gas while being agitated and pulverized by such a stirrer 9 and indirectly by combustion in the combustion space 6. Heated. That is, carbonization is performed in a powdery state under a high-temperature and high-humidity drying condition using high-temperature superheated steam that uses a hot-air direct circulation system without piping and has a higher drying rate as the humidity increases. As shown in FIG. 5, the powdered carbide is discharged from the carbide discharge port 3 b of the gasification carbonization furnace 3 through the discharge duct 29 and is carried out of the system by the carry-out conveyor 14.

It is a flowchart of the process by the carbonization processing apparatus of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the Example of the apparatus. FIG. FIG. It is an end elevation of the opposite side. It is an enlarged view of a shutter opening and closing mechanism that opens and closes the front end opening of the carry-in conveyor. It is an enlarged view of a heat exchanger. It is a side view of an agitator. It is sectional drawing seen in the AA line position in FIG. It is sectional drawing similarly seen in the BB line position. It is sectional drawing seen in CC line position. It is sectional drawing seen in the DD line position.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hopper 2 Carry-in mechanism 3 Gasification carbonization furnace 3a Raw material inlet 3b Carbide discharge port 3c Dry distillation gas outlet 3d Combustion gas introduction port 4 Shutter 5 Combustion furnace 5a Ceiling wall 5b One end wall 6 Combustion space 7 Hot air burner (combustion source)
8 Heat Exchanger 9 Stirrer 9a Stirring Rotating Shaft 10 Machine Frame 11 Rotating Rod 12 Carry-in Conveyor 13 Raw Material Input Duct 14 Carry-out Conveyor 15 Shutter Open / Close Mechanism 16 Motor 17 Hot Air Inlet 19 Supply Air Pipe 20 Combustion Gas Outlet 21 Gas Duct 22 Heat Exchange pipe group 23 Stirring motor 24 Spiral blade 25 Projection group 26 for primary stirring and grinding Stirring and grinding piece group 27 for secondary stirring and grinding 27 Stirring long bar 28 Support ring

Claims (9)

  A combustion furnace, a combustion source for causing combustion of dry distillation gas in the combustion furnace, a combustion space left in the combustion furnace, and a dry distillation gas outlet facing the combustion space; A gasification carbonization furnace having a combustion gas inlet for introducing combustion gas combusted in the combustion space of the combustion furnace, a carry-in mechanism for carrying organic waste into the gasification carbonization furnace, and the carry-in A stirrer that stirs the organic waste in the gasification carbonization furnace, generates carbonized carbonization while stirring the organic waste in the gasification carbonization furnace, and gasifies and carbonizes the dry distillation gas. Carbonization treatment system for organic waste, characterized in that it is directly introduced into the combustion space of the combustion furnace from the carbonization gas outlet of the furnace and burned, and the combustion gas is introduced into the gasification carbonization furnace from the combustion gas inlet .   2. The organic waste carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the combustion source keeps the combustion of the dry distillation gas by maintaining the inside of the combustion furnace at a constant temperature.   The combustion furnace and gasification carbonization furnace are horizontally long, the carbonization gas outlet of the gasification carbonization furnace is close to the place where the organic waste is carried in by the carry-in mechanism, and the combustion gas inlet of the gasification carbonization furnace is The organic waste carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization apparatus is provided on the opposite side.   4. The carbonization apparatus for organic waste according to claim 3, wherein the gasification carbonization furnace is inclined so that the dry distillation gas outlet side is high and the combustion gas inlet side is low.   The apparatus for carbonizing an organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a heat exchanger that introduces exhaust gas from a combustion space of a combustion furnace to serve as a heat exchange medium.   6. The organic waste carbonization apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the heat exchanger exchanges heat of the exhaust gas with water or air.   7. A shutter for shutting off heat from the gasification carbonization furnace is provided between the gasification carbonization furnace and a carry-in mechanism for carrying the organic waste into the gasification carbonization furnace so as to be openable and closable. The carbonization processing apparatus of the organic waste of crab.   The stirrer has a stirring blade with a spiral blade for feeding a stirring, a group of protrusions for primary stirring and grinding, and a group of stirring and grinding pieces for secondary stirring and grinding from the side of carrying in the organic waste. The organic waste carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, which is sequentially provided toward the side.   The stirrer is characterized in that a stirrer bar is provided in parallel to the stirring rotation axis over both sections of the primary stirring and grinding projection group and the secondary stirring and grinding piece group. Item 9. An organic waste carbonization apparatus according to Item 8.

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