CN115851292A - Device and method for carbonizing and crushing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas - Google Patents

Device and method for carbonizing and crushing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115851292A
CN115851292A CN202211441868.6A CN202211441868A CN115851292A CN 115851292 A CN115851292 A CN 115851292A CN 202211441868 A CN202211441868 A CN 202211441868A CN 115851292 A CN115851292 A CN 115851292A
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China
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flue gas
section
carbonization
solid waste
carbonizing
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CN202211441868.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周虹光
李帅英
严万军
李玉鹏
苏逸峰
张朋飞
张伟
刘国龙
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Xian Xire Boiler Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
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Xian Xire Boiler Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202211441868.6A priority Critical patent/CN115851292A/en
Publication of CN115851292A publication Critical patent/CN115851292A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for carrying out solid waste carbonization and crushing by using high-temperature flue gas, wherein a feeding preheating section, a blanking section and a carbonization discharging section are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, a first flue gas outlet is arranged on the side surface of the top of the feeding preheating section, the upper end of a rotating shaft is connected with a motor, and the lower end of the rotating shaft sequentially penetrates through the feeding preheating section, the blanking section and the carbonization discharging section along the axial direction; a first stirring impeller is arranged in the feeding preheating section, wherein the first stirring impeller is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and a switch door is arranged in the discharging section; the device and the method can thoroughly dry and carbonize solid wastes, and are low in energy consumption.

Description

Device and method for performing carbonization and crushing on solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of multi-source solid waste disposal, and relates to a device and a method for carbonizing and crushing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas.
Background
With the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process in China, the yield of solid wastes is increased sharply, and how to carry out resource and harmless treatment on the solid wastes becomes a difficult problem for governments at all levels. The temperature in the boiler furnace is higher, so the high temperature flue gas is utilized to effectively treat the solid waste to obtain the high attention of the students. However, at present, the links of solid waste conveying, drying, carbonization and the like in China still have great limitation, so that a disposal system cannot continuously operate. When the related system directly processes the solid wastes with higher water content, the problems of incomplete drying and higher energy consumption exist, and certain influence is caused on the normal operation of the boiler. Therefore, it is necessary to design a device capable of carbonizing and pulverizing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas, so as to optimize the existing solid waste disposal system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a device and a method for carbonizing and crushing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas, wherein the device and the method can thoroughly dry and carbonize the solid waste and have low energy consumption.
In order to achieve the aim, the device for carbonizing and crushing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas comprises a feeding preheating section, a discharging section, a carbonizing and discharging section, a rotating shaft and a motor;
the feeding preheating section, the discharging section and the carbonization discharging section are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, a first flue gas outlet is formed in the side face of the top of the feeding preheating section, the upper end of a rotating shaft is connected with a motor, and the lower end of the rotating shaft sequentially penetrates through the feeding preheating section, the discharging section and the carbonization discharging section along the axial direction;
a first stirring impeller is arranged in the feeding preheating section, wherein the first stirring impeller is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and a switch door is arranged in the discharging section;
the side at carbonization ejection of compact section top is provided with the second exhanst gas outlet, is provided with the high temperature flue gas import on the side of carbonization ejection of compact section bottom, is provided with second impeller in the carbonization ejection of compact section, wherein, second impeller cup joint in on the rotation axis, the bottom of carbonization ejection of compact section is provided with solid useless discharge gate.
The feeding device is characterized by further comprising a feeding channel, an outlet of the feeding channel is communicated with a feeding port on the side face of the top of the feeding preheating section, a solid waste feeding port is arranged on the feeding channel, and a heat insulation gasket is arranged between the feeding port on the side face of the top of the feeding preheating section and the feeding channel.
The feeding channel is internally provided with a spiral conveying blade.
The upper end of the rotating shaft is connected with the motor through a coupler.
An upper bearing is arranged between the rotating shaft and the top of the feeding preheating section.
A lower bearing is arranged between the rotating shaft and the bottom of the carbonization discharging section.
The switch door is connected with the side wall of the blanking section through a door shaft.
The inboard of carbonization ejection of compact section bottom is provided with first knapper and second knapper.
A screw feeder is arranged at the solid waste discharge port.
The method for carbonizing and crushing solid wastes by using high-temperature flue gas comprises the following steps:
1) Turning on a motor to enable the rotating shaft, the first stirring impeller and the second stirring impeller to rotate, and conveying the solid waste to a feeding preheating section;
the flue gas with the temperature of 550-600 ℃ enters the carbonization discharging section from the high-temperature flue gas inlet, a small amount of flue gas enters the feeding preheating section through a gap between the discharging section and the switch door, solid waste is fully contacted with the flue gas and is subjected to primary carbonization under the action of the first stirring impeller, and the flue gas after heat release is discharged through the first flue gas outlet;
2) Opening a switch door, sending all solid wastes in the feeding preheating section into the carbonization discharging section, and then closing the switch door;
3) Under the action of the second stirring impeller, the high-temperature flue gas is fully contacted with the solid waste after preliminary carbonization, so that the solid waste is further carbonized, the flue gas after heat release is discharged through the second flue gas outlet, and the solid waste after carbonization is discharged through the solid waste discharge hole under the action of the second stirring impeller.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device and the method for carbonizing and crushing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas have the advantages that during specific operation, the solid waste is dried and carbonized in a two-stage drying mode, wherein in a feeding preheating section, a small amount of flue gas is used for primarily carbonizing the solid waste under the stirring of a first stirring impeller, then in a carbonizing discharging section, high-temperature flue gas is used for further drying and carbonizing under the stirring of a second stirring impeller, and the solid waste is discharged through a solid waste discharging port, so that the solid waste is thoroughly dried and carbonized, meanwhile, the device has fewer energy-consuming parts and is low in energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the feed preheating section 1;
fig. 4 is a structural view of the first stirring impeller 105.
Wherein, 1 is a feeding preheating section, 2 is a discharging section, 3 is a carbonization discharging section, 4 is a rotating shaft, 5 is a coupling, 6 is an upper bearing, 7 is a lower bearing, 101 is a solid waste feeding hole, 102 is a feeding channel, 103 is a heat-insulating gasket, 104 is a first flue gas outlet, 105 is a first stirring impeller, 201 is a switch door, 202 is a door shaft, 301 is a high-temperature flue gas inlet, 302 is a second flue gas outlet, 303 is a second stirring impeller, 304 is a first crusher, 305 is a second crusher, and 306 is a solid waste discharging hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and do not limit the scope of the disclosure of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
There is shown in the drawings a schematic block diagram of a disclosed embodiment in accordance with the invention. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the apparatus for carbonizing and pulverizing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas according to the present invention includes a feed preheating section 1, a discharging section 2, a carbonization discharging section 3, a rotating shaft 4, a coupling 5, an upper bearing 6, a lower bearing 7, a solid waste feed inlet 101, a feed channel 102, a heat insulation gasket 103, a first flue gas outlet 104, a first stirring impeller 105, a switch door 201, a door shaft 202, a high-temperature flue gas inlet 301, a second flue gas outlet 302, a second stirring impeller 303, a first crusher 304, a second crusher 305, and a solid waste discharge outlet 306;
the device comprises a feeding preheating section 1, a discharging section 2 and a carbonizing discharging section 3 which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, wherein an outlet of a feeding channel 102 is communicated with a feeding hole in the side surface of the top of the feeding preheating section 1, a solid waste feeding hole 101 is formed in the feeding channel 102, a heat insulation gasket 103 is arranged between the feeding hole in the side surface of the top of the feeding preheating section 1 and the feeding channel 102, heat transfer between smoke in the feeding preheating section 1 and the feeding channel 102 is weakened through the heat insulation gasket 103, a first smoke outlet 104 is formed in the side surface of the top of the feeding preheating section 1, the upper end of a rotating shaft 4 is connected with a motor through a coupler 5, the lower end of the rotating shaft 4 sequentially penetrates through the feeding preheating section 1, the discharging section 2 and the carbonizing discharging section 3 along the axial direction, an upper bearing 6 is arranged between the rotating shaft 4 and the top of the feeding preheating section 1, and a lower bearing 7 is arranged between the rotating shaft 4 and the bottom of the carbonizing discharging section 3;
a first stirring impeller 105 is arranged in the feeding preheating section 1, wherein the first stirring impeller 105 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 4, a switch door 201 is arranged in the blanking section 2, and the switch door 201 is connected with the side wall of the blanking section 2 through a door shaft 202;
the side at the top of the carbonization discharging section 3 is provided with a second flue gas outlet 302, the side at the bottom of the carbonization discharging section 3 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet 301, the carbonization discharging section 3 is internally provided with a second stirring impeller 303, the second stirring impeller 303 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 4, the inner side at the bottom of the carbonization discharging section 3 is provided with a first crusher 304 and a second crusher 305, and the bottom of the carbonization discharging section 3 is provided with a solid waste discharge hole 306.
Specifically, it should be noted that the gap width between the inner wall of unloading section 2 and switch door 201 is little 40mm for after opening switch door 201, accomplish the solid useless of preliminary carbomorphism and can be carried to carbonization ejection of compact section 3, ensure simultaneously that the solid useless can not take place to reveal at preliminary carbomorphism in-process.
A spiral conveying blade is arranged in the feeding channel 102; a screw feeder is arranged at the solid waste discharge hole 306 so as to convey the crushed solid waste; the feeding preheating section 1, the discharging section 2 and the carbonization discharging section 3 are connected through flanges;
the method for carbonizing and crushing solid wastes by using high-temperature flue gas comprises the following steps:
1) Turning on a motor to enable the rotating shaft 4, the first stirring impeller 105 and the second stirring impeller 303 to rotate, and enabling the solid waste to enter the feeding channel 102 from the solid waste feeding hole 101 and then to be conveyed to the feeding preheating section 1 by the spiral conveying blades; the flue gas with the temperature of 550-600 ℃ enters the carbonization discharging section 3 from the high-temperature flue gas inlet 301, and a small amount of flue gas enters the feeding preheating section 1 through a gap between the discharging section 2 and the switch door 201. And when the solid waste in the feeding preheating section 1 reaches the preset inventory, stopping the spiral conveying blade. Under the action of the first stirring impeller 105, the solid waste is fully contacted with the flue gas and is subjected to primary carbonization, and the flue gas after heat release is discharged through the first flue gas outlet 104;
2) Opening the switch door 201, sending all solid wastes in the feeding preheating section into the carbonization discharging section 3, then closing the switch door 201, and simultaneously starting the spiral conveying blade in the feeding channel 102 to carry out preliminary carbonization in the next period;
3) Open first cracker 304 and second cracker 305, under the effect of second impeller 303, the solid useless abundant contact after high temperature flue gas and preliminary carbomorphism, make the further carbomorphism of useless completion admittedly, flue gas after exothermic discharges through second exhanst gas outlet 302, accomplish the solid useless of carbomorphism and carry out abundant breakage through first cracker 304 and second cracker 305, send to the discharge gate 306 of useless admittedly through second impeller 303 and discharge, after discharging completely, open switch door 201, carry out the further carbomorphism of next cycle.
The invention has the following characteristics:
the carbonization principle of the invention is to carbonize solid waste by adopting high-temperature flue gas step by step: firstly, a small amount of flue gas is utilized to complete preliminary carbonization in a feeding preheating section 1; on this basis, after further carbomorphism is accomplished with a large amount of flue gases direct contact in carbonization ejection of compact section 3 to useless admittedly, utilize the cracker to smash it, realize single equipment to useless carbomorphism and shredding of solid, the useless easy transportation of solid after smashing is convenient for further handle and utilize.
The effective heights of the feeding preheating section 1 and the carbonization discharging section 3 are both about 1m, and when the solid waste density is 400kg/m 3 And when the carbonization times per hour are 20 times, the method can realize the carbonization quantity of solid waste of about 300t/d, so that the method has higher carbonization efficiency.
The main energy consumption sources of the invention only comprise the motor and the crusher, thus realizing the carbonization of solid wastes on the premise of lower energy consumption.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A device for carbonizing and crushing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas is characterized by comprising a feeding preheating section (1), a discharging section (2), a carbonizing and discharging section (3), a rotating shaft (4) and a motor;
the feeding preheating section (1), the discharging section (2) and the carbonization discharging section (3) are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, a first flue gas outlet (104) is formed in the side face of the top of the feeding preheating section (1), the upper end of the rotating shaft (4) is connected with a motor, and the lower end of the rotating shaft (4) sequentially penetrates through the feeding preheating section (1), the discharging section (2) and the carbonization discharging section (3) along the axial direction;
a first stirring impeller (105) is arranged in the feeding preheating section (1), wherein the first stirring impeller (105) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (4), and a switch door (201) is arranged in the blanking section (2);
the side at carbonization ejection of compact section (3) top is provided with second exhanst gas outlet (302), is provided with high temperature flue gas inlet (301) on the side of carbonization ejection of compact section (3) bottom, is provided with second impeller (303) in carbonization ejection of compact section (3), wherein, second impeller (303) cup joint in on rotation axis (4), the bottom of carbonization ejection of compact section (3) is provided with solid waste discharge gate (306).
2. The device for carbonizing and crushing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a feeding channel (102), wherein an outlet of the feeding channel (102) is communicated with a feeding port on the side surface of the top of the feeding preheating section (1), a solid waste feeding port (101) is arranged on the feeding channel (102), and a heat insulating gasket (103) is arranged between the feeding port on the side surface of the top of the feeding preheating section (1) and the feeding channel (102).
3. The device for carbonizing and crushing solid wastes by using high-temperature flue gas as claimed in claim 2, wherein a screw conveying blade is arranged in the feeding channel (102).
4. The device for carbonizing and crushing solid wastes by using high-temperature flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper end of the rotating shaft (4) is connected with a motor through a coupling (5).
5. The device for carbonizing and crushing solid wastes by using high-temperature flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein an upper bearing (6) is arranged between the rotating shaft (4) and the top of the feeding preheating section (1).
6. The device for carbonizing and crushing solid wastes by using high-temperature flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein a lower bearing (7) is arranged between the rotating shaft (4) and the bottom of the carbonization discharging section (3).
7. The device for carbonizing and crushing solid wastes by using high-temperature flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switch door (201) is connected with the side wall of the blanking section (2) through a door shaft (202).
8. The device for carbonizing and crushing solid wastes by using the high-temperature flue gas as recited in claim 1, wherein a first crusher (304) and a second crusher (305) are provided inside the bottom of the carbonizing discharge section (3).
9. The device for carbonizing and crushing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein a screw feeder is arranged at a solid waste discharge port (306).
10. A method for carbonizing and crushing solid wastes by using high-temperature flue gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Turning on a motor to enable a rotating shaft (4), a first stirring impeller (105) and a second stirring impeller (303) to rotate, and conveying the solid waste into a feeding preheating section (1);
the method comprises the following steps that (1) flue gas at 550-600 ℃ enters a carbonization discharging section (3) from a high-temperature flue gas inlet (301), a small amount of flue gas enters a feeding preheating section (1) through a gap between a discharging section (2) and a switch door (201), solid waste is fully contacted with the flue gas under the action of a first stirring impeller (105) and is subjected to primary carbonization, and the flue gas after heat release is discharged through a first flue gas outlet (104);
2) Opening the switch door (201), sending all solid wastes in the feeding preheating section (1) into the carbonization discharging section (3), and then closing the switch door (201);
3) Under the action of a second stirring impeller (303), the high-temperature flue gas is fully contacted with the solid waste after the preliminary carbonization, so that the solid waste is further carbonized, the flue gas after heat release is discharged through a second flue gas outlet (302), and the solid waste after carbonization is discharged through a solid waste discharge hole (306) under the action of the second stirring impeller (303).
CN202211441868.6A 2022-11-17 2022-11-17 Device and method for carbonizing and crushing solid waste by using high-temperature flue gas Pending CN115851292A (en)

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CN115851292A true CN115851292A (en) 2023-03-28

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006008736A (en) * 2004-06-22 2006-01-12 Micro Energy:Kk Carbonization treatment apparatus for organic waste
US20070101912A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2007-05-10 Ikuyoshi Kohchi Carbonization apparatus for producing activated carbon
CN203602551U (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-05-21 沈阳农业大学 Stirring biomass carbonizing furnace
CN204727844U (en) * 2015-05-13 2015-10-28 辛集兴源生物科技有限公司 A kind of energy-saving continuous carbonization furnace
CN108467735A (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-08-31 西北农林科技大学 A kind of automatic feed/discharge is biomass carbonated-cooling integration self-heating apparatus and method
CN209412147U (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-09-20 鲁军 A kind of axial-flow type straw carbonizing apparatus
CN112299392A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-02-02 宿迁安湘环保科技有限公司 Microwave catalytic carbonization furnace for waste organic matters

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070101912A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2007-05-10 Ikuyoshi Kohchi Carbonization apparatus for producing activated carbon
JP2006008736A (en) * 2004-06-22 2006-01-12 Micro Energy:Kk Carbonization treatment apparatus for organic waste
CN203602551U (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-05-21 沈阳农业大学 Stirring biomass carbonizing furnace
CN204727844U (en) * 2015-05-13 2015-10-28 辛集兴源生物科技有限公司 A kind of energy-saving continuous carbonization furnace
CN108467735A (en) * 2018-06-07 2018-08-31 西北农林科技大学 A kind of automatic feed/discharge is biomass carbonated-cooling integration self-heating apparatus and method
CN209412147U (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-09-20 鲁军 A kind of axial-flow type straw carbonizing apparatus
CN112299392A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-02-02 宿迁安湘环保科技有限公司 Microwave catalytic carbonization furnace for waste organic matters

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