JP7102342B2 - 改善された化学的安定性および熱安定性を有する、複数のアミン基を含有するポリマー分散剤 - Google Patents
改善された化学的安定性および熱安定性を有する、複数のアミン基を含有するポリマー分散剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7102342B2 JP7102342B2 JP2018539137A JP2018539137A JP7102342B2 JP 7102342 B2 JP7102342 B2 JP 7102342B2 JP 2018539137 A JP2018539137 A JP 2018539137A JP 2018539137 A JP2018539137 A JP 2018539137A JP 7102342 B2 JP7102342 B2 JP 7102342B2
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- YRJYANBGTAMXRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolo[3,4-h]quinazolin-2-one Chemical compound C1=C2N=NC=C2C2=NC(=O)N=CC2=C1 YRJYANBGTAMXRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5,6-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)C(=O)N=C21 FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- FIUNVVREDGDHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylsulfanyl benzenecarbodithioate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)SSC(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 FIUNVVREDGDHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical compound S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical class CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005627 triarylcarbonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LXNOENXQFNYMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N xi-5-Hydroxydodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)CCCC(O)=O LXNOENXQFNYMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0084—Dispersions of dyes
- C09B67/0085—Non common dispersing agents
- C09B67/009—Non common dispersing agents polymeric dispersing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
- C09D11/324—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents containing carbon black
- C09D11/326—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents containing carbon black characterised by the pigment dispersant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
- C09D5/027—Dispersing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/16—Amines or polyamines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
Description
本発明は、粒子を係留することを目的とする複数の第三級アミン基または四級化第三級アミン基を有するポリマー分散剤であって、窒素に対するアルキル基のβ炭素にジェミナルなジアルキル置換炭素を有するアルキレン基によって、各アミン基が分散剤に化学結合している、ポリマー分散剤に関する。
顔料および他の粒子のための分散剤は公知である。分散剤は、一般に、顔料または粒子の表面をいくらか引き付けて係留する分子の係留部分および連続層と都合よく相互作用する可溶化部分を有する。可溶化部分が顔料または粒子に係留される場合、可溶化部分は粒子の凝集に対する障壁として作用する。
窒素に対するアルキレン基のベータ(β)炭素にジェミナルなジアルキル置換炭素を有するアルキレン基によって、第三級アミン/第四級アミン基が分散剤に化学結合した、第三級アミン/第四級アミンを含む分散剤を開示する。これらの分散剤は、アルキレン基のベータ(β)炭素にジェミナルなジアルキル置換炭素を持たない類似の分散剤より熱安定性が高い。熱安定性の改善は、a)分散剤を有する配合物が熱への曝露の際に黄変する傾向の低下およびb)エイジング後の分散剤および分散体の性能(粒径の低下、塗膜の光沢の増加、および塗膜の曇りの減少)によって説明される。
種々の好ましい特徴および実施形態を、非限定的な例証によって以下に説明する。
R3は、独立して、炭素数1~25を有する直鎖状または分枝鎖状であり得るアルキレン基またはヒドロカルビレン基であり、R3がヒドロカルビレン基である場合、R3は、3つの炭素原子毎に1つまでの窒素または酸素の量で酸素原子または窒素原子を含み得る。
窒素原子X1-N-X2は、一部または全部が四級化されていてよく;四級化剤としては、硫酸ジメチル;硫酸ジエチル;塩化ベンジル;シュウ酸ジメチル;C2~50ヒドロカルビルエポキシド、例えばエチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド、ブチレンオキシド、スチレンオキシド、フェニルグリシジルエーテルなど(酸、例えば酢酸との組み合わせ);1,3-プロパンスルトン;1,4-ブタンスルトン;および2-クロロ酢酸が挙げられる。第三級アミン官能基を、酸を使用して一部または全部を中和して、第三級アミン官能基の塩を形成することができる。適切な酸は、C1~20有機酸または無機酸、例えば塩酸;硫酸;ならびに芳香族または脂肪族のスルホン酸、ホスホン酸、またはカルボン酸;例えばメタンスルホン酸、酢酸、ギ酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸、および安息香酸であり得る。
実施形態1(ブロックコポリマー)
E=1およびF=1
Lは場合により0に等しい
Jは0に等しくない
Nは0に等しい
実施形態2(マクロモノマーを有するブロックコポリマー)
E=1およびF=1
Lは場合により0に等しい
Jは場合により0に等しい
Nは0に等しくない
実施形態3(ランダムコポリマー)
Lは場合により0に等しい
Jは0に等しくない
Nは0に等しい
実施形態4(マクロモノマーを有するランダムコポリマー)
E>1およびF>1、EおよびFは、ポリマー鎖全体にランダムに分布する。
Lは場合により0に等しい
Jは場合により0に等しい
Nは0に等しくない
アミンモノマーの調製
T2=Me、T3=Pr 2-メチルペンタナール
T2=Et、T3=Et 2-エチルブチルアルデヒド
T2=Me、T3=フェニル 2-フェニルプロピオンアルデヒド
コポリマーの合成
コポリマーの合成
産業的用途
0.5~80部の粒子状固体と、
b)0.1~79.6部の式(1)のポリマーと、
c)19.9~99.4部の有機液体および/または水と
を含み、ここでの相対部はすべて重量部であり、量(a)+(b)+(c)=100である。
Varnish Formulations-Recent Developments、Noyes Publications、Park Ridge NJ(1990)および後続版に与えられている。
中間体B
比較例1(CE1):従来のアクリレートブロックおよびDMAEMA由来の側方に結合した従来の第三級アミンを有するアクリレートブロックを有するブロックコポリマー分散剤
比較例2(CE2):米国特許第8268925B2号に記載のプロセスにしたがって合成した、ポリカプロラクトンの歯およびDMAEMA由来の側方に結合した第三級アミン基を有する主鎖を有するコームポリマー。
比較例3(CE3):ポリエチレングリコールの歯およびDMAEMA由来の側方に結合した第三級アミン基を有するポリアクリレート主鎖を有するコームポリマー分散剤。
本発明の実施例1:従来のアクリレート可溶化ブロックおよびDMANPMA由来の側方に結合した第三級アミンを有するアクリレート係留ブロックを有するブロックコポリマー分散剤。
本発明の実施例2:従来のアクリレート可溶化ブロックおよびDMANPMA由来の側方に結合した第三級アミンを有するアクリレート係留ブロックおよびBZMA由来の芳香族アクリレートを有するブロックコポリマー分散剤
本発明の実施例3:従来のアクリレート可溶化ブロックおよび3-(ジメチルアミノ)-2,2-ジメチルプロパン-1-オールと反応したイソシアナトエチルメタクリレート由来の側方に結合した第三級アミン基を有するアクリレート係留ブロックを有するブロックコポリマー分散剤。
本発明の実施例4:従来のポリカプロラクトン可溶化歯およびDMANPMA由来の第三級アミンが側方に結合したアクリレート係留ブロックを有するコームコポリマー分散剤。
本発明の実施例6:従来のポリ(エチレンオキシド)可溶化歯およびDMANPMA由来の側方に結合した第三級アミンアクリレートを有する係留ブロックを有するコームコポリマー分散剤。
本発明の実施例7:従来のポリ(カプロラクトン)可溶化歯およびDMANPMA由来の第三級アミンが側方に結合したアクリレート係留ブロックを有するコームコポリマー分散剤。
分散剤の黄変の評価
分散体試験3
黄変データおよび分散データ
加熱前後の色は、ガードナーカラースケール1~18(1=透明フィルム(無色)および18=暗色フィルム(濃色))に基づいた。
本発明の好ましい実施形態によれば、例えば、以下が提供される。
(項1)
ポリマー分散剤であって、α-β不飽和オレフィンモノマーの重合から誘導された式1の
オレフィン主鎖を含み、前記モノマーは、A、B、C、およびDから選択されるペンダン
ト基を有するか、前記ペンダント基A、B、C、およびDを有するように後重合により官
能化されており;前記分散剤は、以下の反復単位をランダムまたはブロックの順序で有す
るランダムコポリマーまたはブロックコポリマーであり、
式中、K、E、およびFは少なくとも1であり;同一の式1の分散剤中で、L、J、およ
びNは個々にゼロであり得るが、JおよびNは共にゼロであり得ず;
前記K、L、J、N、E、およびFは非負整数であり、K、L、J、N、E、およびF
の値は、分散剤が約1000~約100,000g/モルの数平均分子量を有するような
値であり;GはCH 3 基またはH基であり、変数
は、式1の炭素主鎖を示し、また、式1のオレフィン主鎖と前記ペンダント基A、B、C
、またはDとの間の炭素-炭素結合も示し、
は、ペンダント基A、B、C、またはDの式の一部と見なさず、むしろ、前記式が式1の
主鎖に接続していることを示し;前記分散剤は、式:
を有する少なくとも1つの主鎖反復単位または少なくとも1つのポリマー主鎖ブロックを
有し、
式中、Eは、ランダムポリマー分散剤またはブロックポリマー分散剤中のかかる反復単
位の平均総数であり、式25は、前記第三級アミンまたは四級化第三級アミン基Aが化学
結合した粒子係留反復単位またはブロックであることを特徴とし、前記式25は、前記分
散剤の重量に対して前記分散剤の約10~約60重量%であり;少なくとも1つの反復単
位または少なくとも1つのポリマー主鎖ブロックは、式:
を有し、
式中、Fは、前記ポリマー分散剤中のランダムまたはブロックの順序での平均反復単位
の合計であり、前記式26は、前記分散剤の溶媒可溶化ブロックとして特徴づけられ、前
記分散剤の約40~約90重量%であり;
前記式26は、300~5000g/モルの分子量のポリマーセグメントであるか、溶媒
可溶化ポリマーセグメントとして特徴づけられる300~5000g/モルの分子量のポ
リマーセグメントであり得るDを含み;
式中、Aは、以下:
であり得、
Uは、官能性の窒素、酸素、または硫黄、通常、酸素または窒素を含み、Uは、前記
Uが窒素を含む場合、ペンダントH基、C 1~6 アルキル基、またはC 2~6 アシル基を
含み、
R 3 は、独立して、炭素数1~25を有する直鎖状または分枝鎖状であり得るアルキ
レン基またはヒドロカルビレン基であり、R 3 がヒドロカルビレン基である場合、R 3 は
、3つの炭素原子毎に1つまでの窒素または酸素の量で酸素原子または窒素原子を含み得
、
T 2 およびT 3 は、各々が独立して、アルキル、例えばMe、Et、Pr、ヒドロキ
シC 1 ~C 3 -アルキレン、例えば-CH 2 OH、アリール、例えばベンジルもしくはフ
ェニル、または-CH(T 4 )-N(X 1 )(X 2 )基であり;T 4 は、H、または場合
により置換されているアリール、例えばベンジル、フェニル、もしくはシンナミルであり
、この場合、前記置換基は、C 1 ~C 4 -アルコキシ、ヒドロキシル、C 1 ~C 4 -アル
キル、場合によりハロゲン、場合によりヘテロ原子で置換されたC 1 ~C 4 -アルキルで
あり、シンナミル基はPhC(H)=CH-であり、そしてPh(フェニル)基は、上記
で規定するように置換され得、
X 1 およびX 2 は、各々が独立して、アルキル基、置換アルキル基、アラルキル基、
またはアルカリール基であり;アルキル基は、特に好ましくはメチル基であり;または、
X 1 、X 2 、および窒素原子は、5個または6個の原子の置換または非置換の環構造を形
成することができ、場合により芳香族性を有し(X 1 、X 2 、および窒素原子が、ピリジ
ン、モルホリン、またはイミダゾールを形成する場合など)、
構造X 1 -N-X 2 中の窒素原子は、一部もしくは全部が四級化されていてよく;そ
して/または一部もしくは全部が中和されており、
BおよびCは、以下:
に示す式10、11、または12であり得、
R 4 は、炭素数1~25を有する直鎖状または分枝鎖状のアルキル基であり、R 5 は
、H、-CH 3 、または炭素数1~25を有する直鎖状もしくは分枝鎖状(通常、直鎖状
)のアルキル基であり、
Dは、Nが正の整数(ゼロではない)である場合、溶媒可溶化ポリマーセグメントとし
て特徴づけられる300~5000g/モルの分子量のポリマーセグメントを含み、この
場合、前記ポリマーセグメントは、ポリアクリレート、ポリエステル、ポリエーテル、ポ
リオレフィン、またはポリエーテルとポリエステルとのコポリマーから選択される、ポリ
マー分散剤。
(項2)
前記分散剤が、前記分散剤中に1または2ブロックの形態で存在する粒子係留ブロックで
ある式25、および1または2ブロックの形態で存在する溶媒可溶化ブロックである式2
6を有するブロックコポリマーとして記載される、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマ
ー分散剤。
(項3)
Nがゼロであり(これはマクロモノマーが存在しないことを意味する)、前記式26の溶
媒可溶化ブロック(複数可)が、前記モノマー前駆体から、ペンダントC基を有する反復
単位に形成され、Jは可溶化鎖が300~5000g/モルの数平均分子量を有するのに
十分な大きさの整数である、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項4)
Nが少なくとも1であり、Fが少なくとも1である(これは前記分散剤がコーム型分散剤
であることを意味する)、上記項1または2のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項5)
Dが、式17~24:
から選択され、
Y 1 およびY 2 は、ポリエーテルのホモポリマーもしくはコポリマー、2~26個の炭素
原子を含むラクトンおよび/もしくはヒドロキシカルボン酸由来のポリエステル、ポリエ
ーテル-コ-ポリエステル、ポリアクリレート、ポリオレフィン、またはそれらの混合物
から選択される、上記項1、2、または4のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項6)
Dが、数平均分子量300~5000g/モルのポリ(アルキレンオキシド)を含み、F
とNの積が1~50である、上記項1、2、4、または5のいずれかに記載のポリマー分
散剤。
(項7)
Dが、数平均分子量500~3000g/モルのポリ(アルキレンオキシド)を含み、F
とNの積が3~50であり、前記ポリ(アルキレンオキシド)が前記分散剤の50~70
重量%を構成する、上記項1、2、4、5、または6のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤
。
(項8)
Dが、数平均分子量300~5000g/モルのポリエステル溶媒可溶化鎖を含み、Fと
Nの積が1~50である、上記項1、2、4、5、または6のいずれかに記載のポリマー
分散剤。
(項9)
Dが、ヒドロキシカルボン酸(hydroxycarboxlic acid)または2
~18個の炭素原子を有する前記ヒドロキシカルボン酸由来のラクトンの単独重合または
共重合から誘導された数平均分子量500~3000g/モルのポリエステルを含み、F
とNの積が3~50であり、前記分散剤の50~70重量%が前記ポリエステルである、
上記項8に記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項10)
Dが、数平均分子量300~5000g/モルのポリオレフィンまたはポリアクリレート
を含み、FとNの積が1~50である、上記項1、2、4、5、または6のいずれかに記
載のポリマー分散剤。
(項11)
Dが、数平均分子量500~3000g/モルのポリオレフィンまたはポリアクリレート
を含み、FとNの積が3~50である、上記項10に記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項12)
約2000~約60,000g/モルの数平均分子量を有する、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項13)
KとEの積が2~約25である、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項14)
Aが、
であり、Uは、酸素または窒素を含み、Uは、前記Uが窒素を含む場合、さらに、ペンダントH基、C 1~6 アルキル基、またはC 2~6 アシル基を含む、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項15)
Aが、
であり、Uは、酸素または窒素を含み、Uは、前記Uが窒素を含む場合、さらに、ペンダントH基、C 1~6 アルキル基、またはC 2~6 アシル基を含む、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項16)
Aが、
であり、Uは、酸素または窒素を含み、Uは、前記Uが窒素を含む場合、さらに、ペンダントH基、C 1~6 アルキル基、またはC 2~6 アシル基を含む、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項17)
Aが、
であり、Uは、酸素または窒素を含み、Uは、前記Uが窒素を含む場合、Uは、ペンダントH基、C 1~6 アルキル基、またはC 2~6 アシル基を含む、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項18)
Aが、
であり、Uは、酸素または窒素を含み、Uは、前記Uが窒素を含む場合、Uは、ペンダントH基、C 1~6 アルキル基、またはC 2~6 アシル基を含む、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項19)
Aが、
であり、Uは、酸素または窒素を含み、Uは、前記Uが窒素を含む場合、Uは、ペンダントH基、C 1~6 アルキル基、またはC 2~6 アシル基を含む、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項20)
Aが、
であり、Uは、酸素または窒素を含み、Uは、前記Uが窒素を含む場合、Uは、ペンダン
トH基、C 1~6 アルキル基、またはC 2~6 アシル基を含む、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項21)
Aが、
である、上記項のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
(項22)
分散形態の粒子、連続媒体、および上記項1~21のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤を
含む組成物であって、前記粒子が前記式23の係留ブロック(複数可)と優先的に相互作
用し、そして水、極性有機媒体、または非極性有機媒体を含む前記連続媒体が前記式24
の可溶化ブロック(複数可)と優先的に相互作用する、組成物。
(項23)
前記組成物が、ミルベース、塗料、またはインクである、上記項22に記載の組成物。
(項24)
前記粒子状固体が顔料またはフィラーである、上記項22または23に記載の組成物。
(項25)
結合剤をさらに含む、上記項22~24のいずれかに記載の組成物。
(項26)
前記ポリマー分散剤が、前記組成物の0.5重量%~30重量%または1重量%~25重
量%の範囲の量で存在する、上記項22~24のいずれかに記載の組成物。
Claims (28)
- ポリマー分散剤であって、α-β不飽和オレフィンモノマーの重合から誘導された式1のオレフィン主鎖を含み、前記モノマーは、A、B、C、およびDから選択されるペンダント基を有するか、前記ペンダント基A、B、C、およびDを有するように後重合により官能化されており;前記分散剤は、以下の反復単位をランダムまたはブロックの順序で有するランダムコポリマーまたはブロックコポリマーであり、
前記K、L、J、N、E、およびFは非負整数であり、K、L、J、N、E、およびFの値は、分散剤が1000~100,000g/モルの数平均分子量を有するような値であり;GはCH3基またはH基であり、
式中、Eは、ランダムポリマー分散剤またはブロックポリマー分散剤中のかかる反復単位の平均総数であり、式25は、前記第三級アミンまたは四級化第三級アミン基Aが化学結合した粒子係留反復単位またはブロックであることを特徴とし、前記式25は、前記分散剤の重量に対して前記分散剤の10~60重量%であり;少なくとも1つの反復単位または少なくとも1つのポリマー主鎖ブロックは、式:
式中、Fは、前記ポリマー分散剤中のランダムまたはブロックの順序での平均反復単位の合計であり、前記式26は、前記分散剤の溶媒可溶化ブロックとして特徴づけられ、前記分散剤の40~90重量%であり;
前記式26は、300~5000g/モルの分子量のポリマーセグメントであるか、溶媒可溶化ポリマーセグメントとして特徴づけられる300~5000g/モルの分子量のポリマーセグメントであるDを含み;
式中、Aは、以下:
Uは、官能性の窒素、酸素、または硫黄、通常、酸素または窒素を含み、Uは、前記Uが窒素を含む場合、ペンダントH基、C1~6アルキル基、またはC2~6アシル基を含み、
R3は、独立して、炭素数1~25を有する直鎖状または分枝鎖状であるアルキレン基またはヒドロカルビレン基であり、R3がヒドロカルビレン基である場合、R3は、3つの炭素原子毎に1つまでの窒素または酸素の量で酸素原子または窒素原子を含み得、
T2およびT3は、各々が独立して、アルキル、ヒドロキシC1~C3-アルキレン、アリール、または-CH(T4)-N(X1)(X2)基であり;T4は、H、または場合により置換されているアリールであり、この場合、前記置換基は、C1~C4-アルコキシ、ヒドロキシル、C1~C4-アルキル、場合によりハロゲン、場合によりヘテロ原子で置換されたC1~C4-アルキルであり、
X1およびX2は、各々が独立して、アルキル基、置換アルキル基、アラルキル基、またはアルカリール基であり;または、X1、X2、および窒素原子は、5個または6個の原子の置換または非置換の環構造を形成することができ、場合により芳香族性を有し、
構造X1-N-X2中の窒素原子は、一部もしくは全部が四級化されていてよく;そして/または一部もしくは全部が中和されており、
BおよびCは、以下:
R4は、炭素数1~25を有する直鎖状または分枝鎖状のアルキル基であり、R5は、H、-CH3、または炭素数1~25を有する直鎖状もしくは分枝鎖状(通常、直鎖状)のアルキル基であり、そしてDは、Nが正の整数(ゼロではない)である場合、溶媒可溶化ポリマーセグメントとして特徴づけられる300~5000g/モルの分子量のポリマーセグメントを含み、この場合、前記ポリマーセグメントは、ポリアクリレート、ポリエステル、ポリエーテル、ポリオレフィン、またはポリエーテルとポリエステルとのコポリマーから選択される、ポリマー分散剤。 - T2およびT3は、各々が独立して、Me、Et、Pr、-CH2OH、ベンジルもしくはフェニルであり;そして/またはT4は、場合により置換されているベンジル、フェニル、もしくはシンナミルであり;そして/またはX1およびX2は、各々が独立して、メチル基であるかまたは、X1、X2、および窒素原子が、ピリジン、モルホリン、またはイミダゾールを形成する、請求項1に記載のポリマー分散剤。
- 前記分散剤が、前記分散剤中に1または2ブロックの形態で存在する粒子係留ブロックである式25、および1または2ブロックの形態で存在する溶媒可溶化ブロックである式26を有するブロックコポリマーとして記載される、請求項1または2に記載のポリマー分散剤。
- Nがゼロであり(これはマクロモノマーが存在しないことを意味する)、前記式26の溶媒可溶化ブロック(複数可)が、前記モノマー前駆体から、ペンダントC基を有する反復単位に形成され、Jは可溶化鎖が300~5000g/モルの数平均分子量を有するのに十分な大きさの整数である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
- Nが少なくとも1であり、Fが少なくとも1である(これは前記分散剤がコーム型分散剤であることを意味する)、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
- Dが、数平均分子量300~5000g/モルのポリ(アルキレンオキシド)を含み、FとNの積が1~50である、請求項1~3、5および6のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
- Dが、数平均分子量500~3000g/モルのポリ(アルキレンオキシド)を含み、FとNの積が3~50であり、前記ポリ(アルキレンオキシド)が前記分散剤の50~70重量%を構成する、請求項1~3および5~7のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
- Dが、数平均分子量300~5000g/モルのポリエステル溶媒可溶化鎖を含み、FとNの積が1~50である、請求項1~3および5~7のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
- Dが、ヒドロキシカルボン酸(hydroxycarboxlic acid)または2~18個の炭素原子を有する前記ヒドロキシカルボン酸由来のラクトンの単独重合または共重合から誘導された数平均分子量500~3000g/モルのポリエステルを含み、FとNの積が3~50であり、前記分散剤の50~70重量%が前記ポリエステルである、請求項9に記載のポリマー分散剤。
- Dが、数平均分子量300~5000g/モルのポリオレフィンまたはポリアクリレートを含み、FとNの積が1~50である、請求項1~3および5~7のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
- Dが、数平均分子量500~3000g/モルのポリオレフィンまたはポリアクリレートを含み、FとNの積が3~50である、請求項11に記載のポリマー分散剤。
- 2000~60,000g/モルの数平均分子量を有する、請求項1~12のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
- KとEの積が2~25である、請求項1~13のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤。
- 分散形態の粒子、連続媒体、および請求項1~22のいずれかに記載のポリマー分散剤を含む組成物であって、前記粒子が前記式25の係留ブロック(複数可)と優先的に相互作用し、そして水、極性有機媒体、または非極性有機媒体を含む前記連続媒体が前記式26の可溶化ブロック(複数可)と優先的に相互作用する、組成物。
- 前記組成物が、ミルベース、塗料、またはインクである、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- 前記粒子が顔料またはフィラーである、請求項23または24に記載の組成物。
- 結合剤をさらに含む、請求項23~25のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリマー分散剤が、前記組成物の0.5重量%~30重量%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項23~25のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリマー分散剤が、前記組成物の1重量%~25重量%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項27に記載の組成物。
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