JP7096945B2 - 成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7096945B2 JP7096945B2 JP2021502939A JP2021502939A JP7096945B2 JP 7096945 B2 JP7096945 B2 JP 7096945B2 JP 2021502939 A JP2021502939 A JP 2021502939A JP 2021502939 A JP2021502939 A JP 2021502939A JP 7096945 B2 JP7096945 B2 JP 7096945B2
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- steel sheet
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Images
Classifications
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Description
以下、本発明の一側面であるクラッド鋼板の母材を構成する軽量鋼板の合金組成について詳細に説明する。各元素の含有量の単位は、特別な記載がない限り重量%である。
炭素は、オーステナイト相の安定化に寄与する元素であり、その含有量が増加するほどオーステナイト相を確保するのに有利である。軽量鋼板の微細組織内に分布するオーステナイトは強度及び伸び率をともに増加させる役割を果たす。かかる炭素の含有量が0.3%未満の場合には、引張強度及び伸び率を確保することが難しいという問題がある。これに対し、その含有量が1.0%を超えると、鋼材内にセメンタイト及びカッパ炭化物が生成され、強度は増加するが、鋼の延性が著しく低下する。特に、アルミニウムが添加された鋼では、カッパ炭化物が結晶粒界に析出して脆性を起こすため、上限を1.0%とすることが好ましい。したがって、本発明では、上記炭素の含有量を0.3~1.0%に制限することが好ましい。
マンガンは、炭素とともにオーステナイト相を安定化させる元素であり、オーステナイト相内の炭素固溶度を増加させることで、炭化物の生成を抑制する作用をする。また、マンガンは、鋼の格子定数を増加させて鋼の密度を低下させるため、鋼材の比重を下げる役割を果たす。マンガンの含有量が4.0%未満の場合には、炭化物の生成を抑制する効果を期待することが難しい。これに対し、16.0%を超えると、中心偏析によるバンド組織を形成し、延性を低下させるという問題がある。したがって、本発明では、マンガンの含有量を4.0~16.0%に制限することが好ましい。
本発明において、アルミニウムは、鋼材の比重を低減させる役割を果たす最も重要な元素である。このためには、4.5%以上添加されることが好ましい。アルミニウムは、比重の低減のために多量添加することが好ましいが、多量に添加されると、カッパ炭化物やFeAl、Fe3Alなどの金属間化合物が増加し、鋼の延性を低下させるため、その上限を9.0%に制限することが好ましい。したがって、本発明では、上記アルミニウムの含有量を4.5~9.0%に制限することが好ましい。
シリコンは、固溶強化による鋼の降伏強度及び引張強度を向上させるために添加することができる成分である。シリコンは、脱酸剤として用いられるため、通常、0.03%以上鋼中に含まれることができる。シリコンの含有量が2.0%を超えると、熱間圧延時においてシリコン酸化物が表面に多量に形成されて酸洗性を低下させ、且つ電気比抵抗を増加させて溶接性が劣化するという問題がある。したがって、本発明では、シリコンの含有量を0.03~2.0%に制限することが好ましい。
ニッケルは、マンガンのようにオーステナイトの安定性を増大させ、強度及び延性を増加させる。これにより、マンガンとともに添加する場合には、鋼の強度及び延性を向上させることができる。但し、多量に添加される場合には、鋼の製造原価が増大するという問題があるため、その含有量を4.0%以下にすることが好ましい。一方、0.1%未満添加される場合には、強度及び延性の増加効果が顕著ではないため、本発明では、ニッケルの含有量を0.1~4.0%に制限することが好ましい。
窒素は、不可避に含有される不純物であって、アルミニウムと作用して微細な窒化物を析出させ、鋼の加工性を低下させる元素であるため、その含有量を可能な限り低く制御することが好ましい。理論上、窒素の含有量を可能な限り低く制御することが好ましいが、製造工程上必然的に含有せざるを得ない。したがって、上限を管理することが重要であり、本発明における上記窒素の含有量を0.04%以下に管理する。
リンは、不可避に含有される不純物であって、偏析による鋼の加工性を低下させるのに主な原因となる元素であるため、その含有量を可能な限り低く制御することが好ましい。理論上、リンの含有量は0%に制限することが有利であるが、製造工程上必然的に含有せざるを得ない。したがって、上限を管理することが重要であり、本発明では、上記リンの含有量の上限を0.03%に管理する。
硫黄は、不可避に含有される不純物であって、粗大なマンガン硫化物(MnS)を形成してフランジクラックのような欠陥を発生させ、鋼板の穴拡げ性を大幅に低下させるため、その含有量を可能な限り低く制御することが好ましい。理論上、硫黄の含有量を0%に制限することが有利であるが、製造工程上必然的に含有せざるを得ない。したがって、上限を管理することが重要であり、本発明では、上記硫黄の含有量の上限を0.03%に管理する。
以下、本発明の一側面であるクラッド鋼板のクラッド材を構成するマルテンサイト系炭素鋼の合金組成について詳細に説明する。各元素の含有量の単位は、特別な記載がない限り重量%である。
炭素は、鋼の硬化能を増加させる元素であって、マルテンサイト組織の確保を容易にする元素である。また、マルテンサイト内において侵入型位置に位置するようになって、固溶強化により鋼の強度を向上させる元素である。その含有量が0.1%未満の場合には、マルテンサイト変態開始が高い温度で起こるため、冷却中の炭素が転位に拡散し、固溶強化により鋼の強度を向上させる役割を期待することができない。これに対し、その含有量が0.45%を超えると、鋼板の溶接性が低下するおそれがある。したがって、本発明では、上記炭素の含有量を0.1~0.45%に制限することが好ましい。
マンガンは、硬化能を増加させて鋼板の強度を向上させる元素である。かかる効果を得るために、その含有量が1.0%以上であることが好ましい。これに対し、3.0%を超えると、偏析層の構造により鋼板の成形性が低下するおそれがある。したがって、本発明では、マンガンの含有量を1.0~3.0%に制限することが好ましい。
シリコンは、鋼板内に固溶されて鋼の強度を向上させる役割を果たす。シリコンは、溶鋼中に不純物として存在する元素であって、0.03%未満に制御するためには過度な費用が発生し、その含有量が2.0%を超えると、焼鈍時に表面酸化物を生成し、鋼板の表面品質を劣化させる。したがって、上記シリコンの含有量は0.03~2.0%であることが好ましい。
アルミニウムは、通常、脱酸のために添加する元素であって、その含有量を0.02%未満に制御するためには、過度な費用が発生する。一方、アルミニウムは、マルテンサイト変態開始温度を上昇させる元素であって、鋼の硬化能を劣化させる役割を果たす。また、その含有量が0.3%を超えると、焼鈍時に表面酸化物を生成させ、鋼板の表面品質を劣化させる。したがって、上記アルミニウムの含有量は0.02~0.3%であることが好ましい。
窒素は、不可避に含有される元素であって、鋼中に残留するアルミニウムと反応して生成された窒化アルミニウム(AlN)が連続鋳造時に表面亀裂を生じさせる可能性がある。したがって、その含有量をできるだけ低く制御することが好ましいが、製造工程上必然的に含有せざるを得ない。窒素は、上限を管理することが重要であり、本発明では、上記窒素の含有量の上限を0.04%に管理する。
ホウ素は、オーステナイト結晶粒界に偏析して結晶粒界のエネルギーを低減する元素であって、鋼の硬化能を向上させる元素である。このために、ホウ素は0.0005%以上含まれることが好ましいが、0.005%を超えると、表面に酸化物を形成して鋼板の表面品質を劣化させる。したがって、上記ホウ素の含有量は0.0005~0.005%であることが好ましい。
リンは、不可避に含有される不純物であって、偏析によって鋼の加工性を低下させる主な原因となる元素であるため、その含有量を可能な限り低く制御することが好ましい。理論上、リンの含有量を0%に制限することが有利であるが、製造工程上必然的に含有せざるを得ない。したがって、上限を管理することが重要であり、本発明では、上記含有量の上限を0.03%に管理する。
硫黄は、不可避に含有される不純物であって、粗大なマンガン硫化物(MnS)を形成してフランジクラックのような欠陥を発生させ、鋼板の穴拡げ性を大幅に低下させるため、その含有量を可能な限り低く制御することが好ましい。理論上、硫黄の含有量は0%に制限することが有利であるが、製造工程上必然的に含有せざるを得ない。したがって、上限を管理することが重要であり、本発明では、上記硫黄の含有量の上限を0.03%に管理する。
クロムは、鋼の硬化能を向上させる元素であって、低温変態相の生成を促進して鋼の強度を向上させる元素である。かかる効果を得るためには、その含有量が0.1%以上であることが好ましい。その含有量が1.0%を超えると、意図する強度の向上効果に比べて過度な製造コストの増加を誘発する可能性がある。したがって、上記クロムの含有量は0.1~1.0%であることが好ましい。
ニッケルは、鋼の硬化能を向上させて鋼の強度を向上させる元素である。かかる効果を得るためには、その含有量が0.1%以上であることが好ましい。その含有量が1.0%を超えると、意図する強度の向上効果に比べて過度な製造コストの増加を誘発する可能性がある。したがって、上記ニッケルの含有量は0.1~1.0%であることが好ましい。
モリブデンは、鋼の硬化能を向上させる元素であって、低温変態相の生成を促進して鋼の強度を向上させ、鋼中に炭化物を形成して鋼の強度を向上させる元素である。かかる効果を得るためには、その含有量が0.05%以上であることが好ましい。その含有量が1.0%を超えると、意図する強度の向上効果に比べて過度な製造コストの増加を誘発する可能性がある。したがって、上記モリブデンの含有量は0.05~1.0%であることが好ましい。
チタンは、鋼材内部の窒素及び炭素と反応して炭窒化物を形成し、強度を増加させる役割を果たす。このために、チタンは0.005%以上含まれることが好ましいが、0.05%を超えると、沈殿物が過度に形成されて鋳造性を悪化させる。したがって、上記チタンの含有量は0.005~0.05%であることが好ましい。
ニオブは、チタンのような炭窒化物形成元素として鋼材内部の窒素及び炭素と反応して強度を増加させる役割を果たす。このために、ニオブは0.005%以上含まれることが好ましいが、0.05%を超えると、沈殿物が過度に形成されて鋳造性を悪化させる。したがって、上記ニオブの含有量は0.005~0.05%であることが好ましい。
本発明の一側面によるクラッド鋼板は、上述した母材、及び上記母材の両側面に備えられる上述したクラッド材を含む。図1には、軽量鋼板を母材(B)、マルテンサイト系炭素鋼をクラッド材(A及びC)とする本発明のクラッド鋼板の模式図が示されている。
下記表1に示した成分組成を有する炭素鋼及び軽量鋼板の鋼塊を設ける。次に、鋼塊の表面を洗浄した後、二つの炭素鋼の間に軽量鋼板を配置して下記表2の積層比を有するように3重積層物を製作した。その後、積層物の境界面に沿って溶接棒を用いてアーク溶接した。上記境界面が溶接された積層物を1150℃の加熱炉で1時間再加熱した後、900℃の仕上げ圧延温度で圧延して熱延鋼板を製造した。続いて、上記熱延鋼板を550℃で巻取った後、酸洗後、50%の冷間圧下率で冷間圧延して冷延鋼板を製造した。次に、焼鈍温度を下記表2に示した条件で焼鈍を行った。
Claims (9)
- 母材、及び前記母材の両側面に備えられるクラッド材を含むクラッド鋼板であって、
前記母材は、重量%で、C:0.3~1.0%、Mn:4.0~16.0%、Al:4.5~9.0%、さらにSi:0.03~2.0%、Ni:0.1~4.0%、N:0.04%以下(0%は除く)、P:0.03%以下、及びS:0.03%以下、残部Fe及び不可避不純物からなる軽量鋼板であり、
前記クラッド材は、重量%で、C:0.1~0.45%、Mn:1.0~3.0%、さらにSi:0.03~2.0%、Al:0.02~0.3%、N:0.04%以下(0%は除く)、B:0.0005~0.005%、P:0.03%以下、及びS:0.03%以下、さらにCr:0.1~1.0%、Ni:0.1~1.0%、Mo:0.05~1.0%、Ti:0.005~0.05%、及びNb:0.005~0.05%のうち1種以上、残部Fe及び不可避不純物からなるマルテンサイト系炭素鋼であり、
前記クラッド材の片面の厚さは20μm以上であり、両面の厚さ合計は前記クラッド鋼板の厚さ合計の30%以下であり、
前記クラッド鋼板は、疲労強度が500MPa以上、伸び率が25%以上、表面硬度400Hv以上、及び比重が7.4g/cm 3 以下であり、
前記疲労強度は曲げ疲労試験機で応力比-1の条件で測定し、疲労限は2,000,000に設定した結果である、成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板。 - 前記軽量鋼板は、残留オーステナイトを面積分率で10%以上含む、請求項1に記載の成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板。
- 前記マルテンサイト系炭素鋼の微細組織は、基地組織がマルテンサイトであり、第2相として、炭化物、フェライト、残留オーステナイト、及びベイナイトのうち1種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板。
- 前記マルテンサイト系炭素鋼の微細組織は、基地組織が焼戻しマルテンサイトであり、第2相として、炭化物、フェライト、残留オーステナイト、及びベイナイトのうち1種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板。
- 前記クラッド鋼板は、前記クラッド材上に形成されるめっき層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板。
- 前記めっき層は、Zn系、Zn-Fe系、Zn-Al系、Zn-Mg系、Zn-Mg-Al系、Zn-Ni系、Al-Si系、及びAl-Si-Mg系からなる群より選択された1種である、請求項5に記載の成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板。
- 前記母材と前記クラッド材との間の接合界面に、前記母材と前記クラッド材が直接固相結合する固相接合部が形成される、請求項1に記載の成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のクラッド鋼板の製造方法であって、
重量%で、C:0.3~1.0%、Mn:4.0~16.0%、Al:4.5~9.0%、さらにSi:0.03~2.0%、Ni:0.1~4.0%、N:0.04%以下(0%は除く)、P:0.03%以下、及びS:0.03%以下、残部Fe及び不可避不純物からなる軽量鋼板である母材を設ける段階と、
重量%で、C:0.1~0.45%、Mn:1.0~3.0%、さらにSi:0.03~2.0%、Al:0.02~0.3%、N:0.04%以下(0%は除く)、B:0.0005~0.005%、P:0.03%以下、及びS:0.03%以下、さらにCr:0.1~1.0%、Ni:0.1~1.0%、Mo:0.05~1.0%、Ti:0.005~0.05%、及びNb:0.005~0.05%のうち1種以上、残部Fe及び不可避不純物からなるマルテンサイト系炭素鋼であるクラッド材を設ける段階と、
二つの前記クラッド材の間に前記母材を配置して積層物を得る段階と、
前記積層物の端を溶接した後、1050~1350℃の温度範囲で加熱する段階と、
前記加熱された積層物を最初のパス(Pass)の圧下率が30%以上になるようにして、750~1050℃の温度範囲で仕上げ圧延して熱延鋼板を得る段階と、
前記熱延鋼板を400~700℃で巻取る段階と、
前記巻取られた熱延鋼板を酸洗した後、冷間圧下率35~90%を適用して冷間圧延して冷延鋼板を得る段階と、
前記冷延鋼板を550℃以上前記クラッド材のA3+200℃以下の温度範囲で焼鈍する段階と、を含む、成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記焼鈍する段階後に、前記クラッド鋼板をマルテンサイト終了温度以下に冷却した後、600℃以下の温度で再加熱する焼戻し処理する段階をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の成形性及び疲労特性に優れた低比重クラッド鋼板の製造方法。
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