JP7085990B2 - クロロトキシンドメインを含むキメラ抗原レセプター - Google Patents
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Description
表1:スペーサーの例
表2:膜貫通ドメインの例
表3:CD3ζドメイン及び共刺激ドメインの例
クロロトキシンを含む有用なCARの構造、CLTX‐IgG4Fc(EQ)‐CD28‐zetaは、以下に記載される。コドン最適化されたCAR配列は:クロロトキシン、Fcレセプター媒介認識を大幅に減少させる変異(S228P、L235E)を含むIgG4 Fcスペーサー、CD28膜貫通ドメイン、共刺激CD28細胞質シグナル伝達ドメイン、及びCD3ζ細胞質シグナル伝達ドメインを含む。T2Aリボソームスキップ配列は、不活性で非免疫原性の細胞表面検出/選択マーカーであるCD19tから、このCAR配列を分離する。このT2A連鎖(linkage)は、単一の転写産物からのCAR及びCD19tの両方の同調発現(coordinate expression)をもたらす。図1Aは、CLTX‐IgG4Fc(EQ)‐CD28‐zeta‐T2ACD19tの翻訳領域の模式図である。この図において、CLTX‐IgG4Fc(EQ)‐CD28‐zeta CAR、並びにT2Aリボソームスキップ及び切断型CD19配列は、全て示されている。CAR及びCD19tカセットの発現は、ヒトEF1プロモーター(EF1p)によって駆動される。図1Bは、発現された、成熟CARを模式的に示す。
pHIV7プラスミドは、臨床用ベクターCLTX‐IgG4Fc(EQ)‐CD28‐zeta‐T2A‐CD19t_epHIV7がシティ・オブ・ホープ(COH)のT細胞治療研究所(TCTRL)において導き出された、元のプラスミドである。CARの発現に使用されたepHIV7ベクターは、pHIV7ベクターから産生された。重要なことに、このベクターは、CARの発現を駆動するためにヒトEF1プロモーターを使用する。ベクターの5’配列及び3’配列の両方は、以前にHXBc2プロウイルスから導き出されたように、pv653RSNから導き出された。ポリプリントラクトDNAフラップ配列(cPPT)は、NIH AIDS Reagent RepositoryからのHIV‐1系統pNL4‐3から導き出された。ウッドチャック転写後調節エレメント(WPRE)配列は以前に記載されている。
患者T細胞の導入のためのベクターは、以下のように調製されてもよい。各プラスミド(すなわち、1)CAR、及び場合によっては切断型CD19のようなマーカー;2)pCgp;3)pCMV‐G;及び4)pCMV‐Rev2を発現するプラスミド)について、十分な量のプラスミドDNAを産生するために発酵槽に接種する(inoculate)ために使用される、シードバンクが生成された。プラスミドDNAは、レンチウイルスベクターの産生におけるその使用に先立って、同一性、無菌性及びエンドトキシンについて試験された。
CARを発現するためにTCMが使用される場合は、適した患者の細胞は、以下のように調製されてもよい。最初に、Tリンパ球は、白血球フェレーシスによって患者から得られ、適切な同種又は自己のT細胞サブセット、例えばセントラルメモリーT細胞(TCM)がCARを発現するように遺伝的に変更され、次いで抗がん治療を達成するために、いかなる臨床的に許容される手段によっても患者に投与して戻された。
図1Cは、CLTX‐CARを発現するように操作された健常ドナーT細胞(HD187.2 TCM/SCM/N)のフローサイトメトリー分析の結果を示す。示されているのは、CD8+及びCD4+(CD8-)T細胞サブセットの両方におけるCLTX‐CAR及びCD19t導入遺伝子の同時発現を表す、抗CD19抗Fc及び抗CD8染色である。CD3/CD28ビーズ刺激の18日後の導入された細胞(CLTX‐CAR)及び導入されていない細胞(モック)についての免疫反応性細胞の割合が示されて、ヒトT細胞をCLTX-CAR用いて形質導入する能力を実証している。
蛍光ラベル、Cy5.5に抱合されたクロロトキシン(CLTX‐Cy5.5)は、様々な細胞種へのクロロトキシン結合を評価するために使用された。この研究の結果は、図2A‐Eに表されている(A、健常ドナー由来のヒト末梢血単核球(PBMC);B、ヒトEBV転換リンパ芽球細胞株、LCL;C、大型T抗原転換ヒト胎性腎臓細胞株293T;D、健常ドナー由来の誘導多能性幹細胞(iPSCs)から分化したヒト星状細胞;及びE、ヒト神経膠芽腫細胞株U251T)。細胞株は、培地(未処置)中、又は1μMのCLTX‐Cy5.5を含む培地中、37℃で1時間にわたって培養され、次いでフローサイトメトリーによって評価された。
クロロトキシン結合がIL13Rα2発現から独立しているかどうかを調べるために、1μMのCLTX‐Cy5.5を含む培地中で1時間培養され、次いでPE抱合IL13Rα2抗体を用いて染色された、IL13Rα2‐low細胞株及びIL13Rα2‐high細胞株のフローサイトメトリー分析が実行された。図3A‐Bに見られるように、クロロトキシンは、IL13Rα2発現から独立して低継代PBT、ヒト原発性神経膠芽腫細胞株に結合する。
図4Aに示されるように、CLTX‐CAR T細胞は、原発性GBM株対胎性腎臓細胞株293Tのパネルの統計的に有意な死滅を示す。プロットされているのは、同じ期間にわたってモックT細胞と共培養されたものに対して正規化した後の、エフェクター:標的比=1:1(15,000T細胞、15,000標的細胞)で24、48及び72時間にわたってCLTX‐CAR T細胞と共培養された、生存標的細胞の数である。
(モック又はCLTX CARを発現する)T細胞は、タンパク質輸送阻害剤の存在下、エフェクター:標的比=1:1(25,000T細胞、25,000標的細胞)で5時間にわたって標的細胞によって刺激された。脱顆粒を起こしているCAR‐T細胞の割合は、フローサイトメトリーを使用して、CD107a免疫反応性(図5A)、及び細胞内染色によって決定されるサイトカイン産生(図5B)によって決定された。
図6Aは、IgG4Fc(EQ)、IgG4(HL‐CH3)、CD8h及び短いリンカー(L)を含む、異なるスペーサー(リンカー)を有するCLTX‐CARコンストラクトの模式図である。全てが、CD28膜貫通ドメインを有する(図示されていない)。図6Bに示されるように、異なるリンカーを有するCLTX‐CAR T細胞は、U251T GBM細胞を死滅させることが可能である。プロットされているのは、同じ期間にわたってモックT細胞と共培養されたものに対して正規化した後の、エフェクター:標的比=1:1(15,000T細胞、15,000標的細胞)で24、48及び72時間にわたって、異なるCLTX‐リダイレクトコンストラクトを宿すT細胞と共培養された、生存U251T細胞の数である。図6Cに示されるように、異なるリンカーを有するCLTX‐CAR T細胞は、抗原攻撃に続いて、異なるサイトカイン産生レベルを示す。異なるLTX‐リダイレクトコンストラクトを用いて操作されたT細胞は、エフェクター:標的比=1:1(20,000T細胞、20,000標的細胞)でU251T細胞を用いて刺激された。IFNγ分泌は、上清のELISAアッセイによって検出された。
図7Aは、異なる細胞内共刺激ドメインCD28及び41BBを有するCLTX‐CARコンストラクトの模式図である。図7Bに示されるように、異なる共刺激ドメインを有するCLTX‐CAR T細胞は、U251T GBM細胞を死滅させることが可能である。プロットされているのは、同じ期間にわたってモックT細胞と共培養されたものに対して正規化した後の、エフェクター:標的比=1:1(15,000T細胞、15,000標的細胞)で24、48及び72時間にわたって、異なるCLTX‐リダイレクトコンストラクトを宿すT細胞と共培養された、生存U251T細胞の数である。図7Cに示されるように、異なる共刺激ドメインを有するCLTX‐CAR T細胞は、抗原攻撃に続いて、様々なレベルのサイトカインを産生する。異なるLTX‐リダイレクトコンストラクトを用いて操作されたT細胞は、エフェクター:標的比=1:1(20,000T細胞、20,000標的細胞)でU251T細胞を用いて刺激された。IFNγ分泌は、上清のELISAアッセイによって検出された。
図8Aは、NSGマウスにおけるU251T異種移植の増殖及びT細胞処置の研究の模式的な描写である。皮下に移植されたU251T細胞を有するマウス(第-14日目から第0日目)は、PBS(腫瘍のみ)、モックT細胞、又はCLTX‐CAR T細胞を用いて処置された。図8B、腫瘍進行は、CLTX‐CAR T細胞処置によって阻害される。T細胞注入の時から20日間(第0日目から第20日目)にわたって、腫瘍の成長がキャリパー測定によって測定された。
図9‐24は、CLTX‐IgG4(EQ)‐CD28gg‐Zeta CARに関して上述されたように構築及び発現されることができる様々な追加的なCLTX‐CARのアミノ酸配列を提示する。図8‐24において、様々な領域(アミノ末端からカルボキシ末端までの各図の配列の下に列挙されている)は、下線部分及び非下線部分を交互にすること(alternating)によって示されている。したがって、図9において、GMCSFRaシグナルペプチドは下線が引かれており、クロロトキシン配列は下線が引かれておらず、スペーサー(IgG4(SmP)(L235E、N297Q))は下線が引かれており、CD28膜貫通配列は下線が引かれておらず、CD28cyto(LLmGG)共刺激ドメインは下線が引かれており、共刺激ドメインをCD3ζ配列から分離する(Gly)3配列は下線が引かれておらず、そしてCD3ζ配列は下線が引かれている。図9‐23において、CARと同時発現されるT2A及びT19t配列は示されていない。図24は、T2A(リボソームスキップ)及び切断型CD19)が含まれた図23のCARを示す。切断型CD19は、CARと同時発現され、トランスフェクトされた細胞を同定及び定量化するための単純な方法を可能にする。
図25は、クロロトキシン及び様々なクロロトキシン関連毒素の配列アライメントを示す(Dardevetら、2015 Toxins (Basel) 7:1079)。これらの毒素は、いくつかの場合において、本明細書に記載のCARにおけるクロロトキシンのために置換されてもよい。
Claims (6)
- 配列番号26‐40で表されるアミノ酸配列のうちのいずれか1つを含む、キメラ抗原レセプターをコードする核酸分子。
- 配列番号26、27、28、36、37、又は38で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、キメラ抗原レセプターをコードする核酸分子。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の核酸分子を含むベクター。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の核酸分子を含む発現カセットを含む、ベクター。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の核酸分子を含む、T細胞の集団。
- 請求項3又は4に記載のベクターを含む、T細胞の集団。
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