JP7075031B2 - Slope construction method and sheet body used for it - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method of constructing a slope generated in the construction of a highway or a residential land. It is related to the construction method of the slope that can be eliminated.

Conventionally, in the construction of highways, toll roads and other general roads that pass through mountainous areas and the construction of residential land, the side surface of the cut and embankment part has been a slope with a slope, and this slope is reinforced. Therefore, slope greening was carried out for the purpose of spraying mortar and improving the landscape.

The main method of slope greening is to directly plant plants that are effective for greening in the slope soil or sow those seeds to grow the plants, but the soil was carried by bird manure and wind. Since seeds of various plants (flying seeds) are dropped, plants other than originally planned may grow, and if left as it is, for example, if large trees propagate, the safety of the road will be impaired by fallen trees. It was necessary to monitor and mow these invaded plants by regular maintenance and inspection work because the landscape would be damaged.

However, in Japan, which is a mountainous country, the total length of slopes formed for highways, railroads, etc. is long, and it is a reality to monitor and remove unnecessary tree growth by maintenance and inspection on all slopes. Since it is not a target, there was a method of greening with climbing plants by spraying mortar or weed-proofing the slope and then putting vines on it (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

In addition, as a method of weed-proofing without spraying mortar, a so-called weed-proofing sheet, which has excellent light-shielding properties and water permeability, is used, and by laying a weed-proofing sheet on the ground, weeds caused by flying seeds can be removed. There is a technique for blocking the germination of trees themselves (see, for example, Patent Document 3), and there is also a method for growing vines such as vines on this weed-proof sheet.

On the other hand, in the case of the method of planting plants directly in the soil on the slope and greening, there is a risk that the soil will flow out due to heavy rain before planting the plants or before the growth of the plants, so the outflow and weathering of the soil will be prevented. Various means have been considered. As an example, a sheet-like body (topsoil protection sheet) formed by randomly entwining water-repellent fine fibers is laid on the slope soil, and rainwater is included in the topsoil protection sheet to use rainwater as a headrace. A means has been considered in which the topsoil protective sheet adheres to the soil to prevent the outflow of the soil while flowing down without reaching the limit (see, for example, Patent Document 4).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 08-020951 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 09-024461 Japanese Patent No. 2997211 Japanese Patent No. 27642222

By the way, when mortar is directly sprayed on the surface of the ground on the slope to reinforce it, running water due to spring water or rainfall occurs between the mortar and the ground, and the mortar flows or weathers the surface layer of the ground. A cavity was created between the mortar and the ground, and the slope itself became unstable, and in some cases, mortar collapse and ground collapse could occur.

Further, in the case of a weed-proof sheet as in Patent Document 3, a gap is generated between the surface layer of the ground and the weed-proof sheet, and spring water flows through the gap between the surface layer of the ground and the back side of the weed-proof sheet and the soil. A cavity was created between the soil and the soil, which could cause further collapse of the soil.

On the other hand, the topsoil protection sheet of Patent Document 4 enables plants to grow and green without the topsoil of the slope flowing out, and if the predetermined greening can be achieved within 2 to 3 years, the surface layer of the ground will be. Stabilize. However, when a green plant that takes a long time to grow is used, in rare cases, the topsoil protection sheet deteriorates before the plant grows due to ultraviolet rays or wind and rain, and the surface layer of the ground may flow out.

Further, even if the surface soil protection sheet of Patent Document 4 is used, various plants carried by bird manure and wind are used in addition to the planned greening plants, as in the case of directly planting and greening plants in the soil. Seeds were dropped, unplanned plants grew, and there were still problems such as the effects of fallen trees and damage to the landscape, and regular maintenance work to remove weeds and trees was still necessary. On the slope, the distance was huge and maintenance and inspection were not easy.

Further, the weed-proof sheet of Patent Document 3 can prevent germination due to adhesion of weeds and tree seeds to the slope, but it does not meet the purpose of slope greening and simply soil on the slope. It does not mean that the soil surface is suppressed just by covering the soil with a sheet, but a gap is created between the weed-proof sheet and the soil, and during heavy rain, the soil in this gap floats and there is a risk of soil outflow. Therefore, soil strengthening (prevention of runoff) on the slope could not be used in place of slope greening, which is one of the purposes.

According to the methods of Patent Documents 1 and 2, there is no soil on the slope or the wall surface, and plant seeds do not adhere to the plant other than the plant for greening, so that maintenance work is not required and greening can be achieved. However, since the vines directly cover the surface of the concrete, the concrete may have heat and the vines may die in the outdoors where the sunlight is strong.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and in the method of constructing slopes generated in roads, residential land development, etc., while stabilizing the surface soil of the ground, weed-proofing, weed-proofing, and vines, etc. By sprinkling or spraying mortar on it, it is possible to eliminate the outflow of soil due to rainwater and spring water, prevent unplanned germination of weeds and trees, and eliminate management work such as maintenance and inspection as much as possible. It provides a method of constructing a slope that can be done.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 is a surface drainage sheet having a thickness of 1 to 100 mm, which has the flexibility to entangle fibers and adapt to the unevenness of soil, and has water conductivity as a whole. And the weed-proof sheet with light-shielding property and water permeability are overlapped and bonded at the pointed or linear part so that the flexibility of the surface drainage sheet is not dragged by the stiffness of the weed-proof sheet . It is a slope construction method characterized by laying and fixing the sheet body on the soil of the slope so that the surface drainage sheet side is in close contact with the soil.

Further, the invention of claim 2 is the construction of the slope according to claim 1, wherein the sheet body is laid on the slope and then mortar is sprayed from the top of the sheet body. The method.

Further, in the invention of claim 3, in the method of constructing a slope according to claim 1, the planting bag is installed on the slope, the sheet body is laid and fixed, and then the planting bag is provided. Construction of a slope characterized by making a hole in the sheet body of the covering part, planting a vine in a planting bag, and covering the slope with a vine extending outward from the planting bag through a hole. The method.

Further, the invention of claim 4 is a surface drainage sheet which is made into a sheet of 1 to 100 mm having flexibility to adapt to the unevenness of thick soil by entwining fibers, and a surface drainage sheet having water conductivity as a whole, and light-shielding and water-permeable. The above claim is characterized in that the flexibility of the surface drainage sheet is prevented from being dragged by the stiffness of the weed-proof sheet by stacking the weed-proof sheets having the above and adhering the two at a point-like or linear portion. It is a sheet body used for the slope construction method according to any one of 1 to 3.

In each of the above inventions, the surface drainage sheet corresponds to the one used as the so-called topsoil protection sheet shown in Patent Document 4, and the weed-proof sheet includes the slope and the slope shown in Patent Document 3. A general weed-proof sheet having light-shielding property and water permeability, which is used to prevent the growth of weeds in the soil, may be used.

Further, the vines in claim 3 include, for example, vines, but the present invention is not limited to these, and the purpose of slope greening is to such as those that hang down along the slope for a long time or entangle with the upper side. The vines to be achieved are not particularly limited, and the planting bag is a bag or the like having soil or the like in the part where these vines are planted and rooted. Say.

As described above, according to the invention of claim 1, the surface drainage sheet and the weed-proof sheet are not entirely joined, but are fixed in a dotted or linear portion in advance. Therefore, when laying on the slightly uneven soil of the slope ground, the surface drainage sheet of the sheet body is not pulled by the strength of the upper weed-proof sheet and floats from the soil, and the surface drainage sheet is It comes into close contact with the soil surface, and before the rainwater from heavy rain soaks into the soil, it is guided by the surface drainage sheet and flows downward in the surface drainage sheet, and the thickness of the surface drainage sheet blends in with the unevenness of the soil surface and adheres. Since the gap is prevented from forming, it is possible to prevent the outflow of soil due to the presence of the gap.

In addition, the surface drainage sheet drains the soil while adhering to the ground, and the weed-proof sheet covers the surface drainage sheet for a long period of time with a slight gap to prevent UV deterioration. Therefore, the long-term effect of the surface drainage sheet can be maintained.

Furthermore, by making the surface drainage sheet and the weed-proof sheet integrated into a sheet body, the laying work can be done only once, and when the surface drainage sheet is put on the soil and then the weed-proof sheet is put on, the gap becomes too wide. In addition to eliminating the cost increase that requires longer construction time and extra eye skewers, it also prevents work mistakes such as stepping on and tearing the surface drainage sheet during the second weed-proof sheet pasting work. be able to.

Next, according to the invention of claim 2, since the sheet body is laid on the soil on the slope and then the mortar is sprayed from above, the weed-proof sheet becomes a barrier to prevent the mortar from directly entering the gap of the surface drainage sheet. Since it can be prevented, it is possible to prevent the drainage part from solidifying and reducing the drainage effect, and even if the mortar is cracked or has holes due to aging, the weed control sheet directly under the mortar is used to prevent weed seeds from cracking. In addition to preventing intrusion, the surface drainage sheet adheres along the unevenness of the soil surface so that no space (gap) is created on the soil surface, and moisture is induced to flow downward, causing the soil and mortar to collapse over a long period of time. Can be prevented.

Next, according to the invention of claim 3, after installing the planting bag on the slope, the sheet body is laid to prevent the soil from collapsing due to rainwater as in the invention of claim 1 above. It is possible to green the slope with vines that grow from the planting bag to improve the landscape of the slope, and to control the flying seeds (trees and weeds) that you do not want to grow with flying seeds. Therefore, it is possible to greatly reduce the management and inspection work of fallen trees due to typhoons and the like.

Unlike mortar, the weed-proof sheet does not get too hot even in midsummer, does not inhibit the growth of vines, and expands the selection range of greening plants including those that are sensitive to heat.

Further, if the sheet body of the invention of claim 4 is prepared in advance, it can be optimally used for the slope construction method according to claims 1 to 3.

It is an exploded perspective view which shows the sheet body which concerns on this invention. It is an exploded perspective view which shows the structure of the surface drainage sheet. It is an exploded perspective view which shows the structure of the sheet body which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the construction method of the slope of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the same as above. It is a cross-sectional view of the same as above. It is sectional drawing which shows the 2nd Embodiment of the construction method of the slope of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the same as above. It is sectional drawing which shows the 3rd Embodiment of the construction method of the slope of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the same as above. It is a cross-sectional view of the same as above.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, the sheet body used in each of the following embodiments will be described.

As shown in FIG. 1, the sheet body 1 according to the present invention is a surface drainage sheet 2 which is made into a thick sheet by entwining fibers and has water conductivity as a whole, and a weed-proof sheet having light-shielding property and water permeability. 3 is overlapped and the two are adhered to each other by a dotted or linear adhesive portion 4.

The size of the sheet body 1 is not particularly limited, but if the size (area) is too small, the labor for laying on the ground increases, and if the size (area) is too large, the laying work becomes difficult or a wasteful area is generated. Therefore, in consideration of workability when laying on a slope in an arbitrary range, it is preferable to make a rectangle having a size between 1 m × 50 m and 1 m × 100 m, and in this embodiment, a rectangle having a size of 1 m × 50 m is preferable. And leave it as. Of course, it is not limited to the above dimensions and shapes, and may be manufactured with appropriate dimensions and shapes depending on the manufacturing equipment used, the laying method, and the like.

The fibers constituting the surface drainage sheet 2 may be either natural fibers or synthetic fibers, and the fibers may be composed of one type or a plurality of types, and are a combination of fibers having different thicknesses and fineness. However, these fibers may be entangled or spliced together to form a thick sheet, and in short, the fibers may be entangled to the extent that water is contained inside.

Further, the thickness of the surface drainage sheet 2 may be such that it does not lose the flatness and flexibility to the extent that it can adhere to the unevenness of the topsoil, and the water can be retained and flowed inside. Although it varies depending on the environment of the place of use, it may be usually in the range of about 1 mm to 300 mm, preferably about 5 mm to 100 mm, and as an example, the one having a thickness of about 10 mm is used.

In order to prevent the fibers of the surface drainage sheet 2 from being entangled and the sheet shape from being decomposed, for example, the surface drainage sheet itself is adhered at appropriate intervals, or a mesh sheet 5 having a coarse mesh on one side is connected as shown in FIG. By doing so, it can be reinforced to the extent that the guidance and drainage functions are not impaired.

The weed-proof sheet 3 has light-shielding and water-permeable properties, and its material and thickness should be appropriately selected and used within the range of purpose to prevent plant seeds from rooting in the soil, considering durability and the like. good. The weed-proof sheet 3 and the surface drainage sheet 2 are overlapped and connected and fixed as shown in FIG. 3, and the adhesive portion 4 is formed to form one sheet body 1 as shown in FIG.

The surface drainage sheet 2 and the weed-proof sheet 3 are not bonded and fixed on the entire surface of the sheet, but both sheets are bonded and fixed by the adhesive portion 4 which is in a point contact or line contact state in a scattered manner. This prevents the surface drainage sheet 2 from being dragged by the stiffness of the weed-proof sheet 3 and not being able to adhere to the unevenness of the ground, so that the surface drainage sheet 2 can adhere to the unevenness of the ground and sufficiently induce soil moisture. Become.

The method of connecting the adhesive portion 4 which is in a dotted or linear adhesive state is not particularly limited, and an appropriate means such as adhesion with an adhesive or sewing can be used in consideration of durability, and the adhesive portion can be used. If the number of 4 is too large, there is no difference from the one that is completely adhered, and the adhesion of the surface drain sheet 2 to the soil is inferior. Since it may be peeled off, the distance between the adhesive portions 4 may be appropriately determined at intervals of about 10 cm to 1 m, and in the present embodiment, the adhesive portions are adhered at intervals of about 30 cm in the vertical and horizontal directions. Of course, the number and spacing of these adhesive portions 4 are not limited, and can be appropriately selected and carried out.

Next, the first embodiment of the slope construction method will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.
First, the sheet body 1 described above is placed on the soil 6 on the surface of the slope where mountains and hills have been cut down due to the construction of an expressway, the weed control sheet 3 is on the upper side, and the surface drainage sheet 2 is placed on the lower side. Lay it on the side so that it is in close contact with the soil 6 (see FIGS. 4 and 5).

After laying the sheet body 1, as shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of anchor pins 7 are inserted from above the sheet body 1 until it reaches the soil 6 to fix the sheet body 1 to the slope. At this time, the surface drainage sheet 2 may be fixed with the anchor pin 7 mainly in the recessed portion of the soil 6 so that the surface drainage sheet 2 is in close contact with the soil 6 of the ground.

Further, another sheet body 1a, 1b, etc. is laid on the portion adjacent to the sheet body 1 after installation so that the end sides are slightly overlapped, and the entire slope is covered with the sheet bodies 1, 1a, 1b ... Construction of the slope is completed by covering it.

With the above configuration, the surface drainage sheet 2 of the sheet body 1 is in close contact and fixed to the uneven soil 6 of the slope ground, so that the moisture of the soil 6 due to rainwater is guided by the surface drainage sheet 2 and this surface. The surface drainage sheet 2 is flushed downward through the inside of the drainage sheet 2, and the surface drainage sheet 2 fits in with the unevenness of the surface of the soil 6 to form no gaps, so that the outflow of the soil 6 can be prevented and weed control is possible. While the sheet 3 is weed-proof for a long period of time, it acts as a cover for the surface drainage sheet 2 to prevent deterioration of ultraviolet rays and maintain the long-term effect of the surface drainage sheet 2.

Next, the second embodiment of the slope construction method will be described mainly with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
First, as in FIGS. 4 to 6 of the first construction method, one or more sheet bodies 1 are laid on the soil 6 on the slope, and the entire slope is covered with the sheet bodies 1 (1a, 1b ...). cover.

As shown in FIG. 7, the mortar 8 is sprayed from the laid sheet body 1 to cover the entire surface of the sheet body 1, and then the mortar 8 is naturally solidified to make the surface as shown in FIG. 8 a mortar. Construction of the covered slope is completed.

In the case of the slope construction method of the second embodiment, the weed-proof sheet 3 becomes a barrier during the spraying work of the mortar 8 while maintaining the same function of the surface drainage sheet 2 as that of the first embodiment. It is possible to prevent the mortar 8 from entering the gaps of the drainage sheet 2 and prevent the fibers of the surface drainage sheet 2 from being clogged and the drainage effect due to burial from being reduced. It also prevents weeds and tree seeds from entering through the holes that have fallen off, and also prevents further collapse of the mortar 8 due to the growth of weeds and trees.

Next, a third embodiment of the slope construction method will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11.
First, a plurality of planting bags 9 containing soil for rooting of plants are prepared.

The planting bag 9 is like a sandbag filled with soil for supplying nutrients to plants through roots, but has the same effect on plants as soil instead of soil. The material, size, and form of the outer skin of the planting bag 9 and the carrier are not particularly limited as long as they can hold the soil and the like.

The planting bag 9 is fixed by passing the anchor pin 7 through the planting bag 9 and the soil 6 at an appropriate portion of the slope. In FIG. 9, the planting bag 9 is fixed at the upper end, the vicinity of the center, and the lower end of the slope, but the fixing place and the number thereof are not particularly limited, and the height of the slope and the plant to be planted are not particularly limited. It may be determined as appropriate in consideration of characteristics and the like. Further, the fixing method is not limited to the anchor pin 7, and any means can be used as appropriate.

After installing the planting bag 9, as shown in FIG. 10, one or more sheet bodies 1 are laid on the slope soil by the same method as the first construction method, and the slope soil 6 and planting are carried out. The bag 9 is covered with the sheet body 1 and fixed using an anchor pin 7 or the like.

After covering the slope with the sheet body 1, make a hole (not shown) in the sheet body 1 (weed-proof sheet 3 and surface drainage sheet 2) of the portion covering the planting bag 9 from the surface side, and plant through this hole. The vine 10 is planted or seeded in the soil of the planting zone 9 to grow the vine 10 (see FIG. 11).

There are two types of vines, one that stretches the vine downward without being affected by gravity and the other that stretches the vine upward while entwining with other things. The vines 10 extending from the planting bags 9 scattered around the vines can cover the entire slope.

According to this construction method, the surface drainage sheet 2 prevents the soil 6 from collapsing due to rainwater, and the vines 10 green the slopes to improve the landscape of the slopes, while preventing the soil directly under the vines 10. Since the grass sheet 3 suppresses the flying seeds that are not desired to grow due to the flying seeds, the management and inspection work of fallen trees due to typhoons, etc., which was necessary for the conventional greening slope, becomes unnecessary, and the weed control sheet 3 is in the middle of summer. However, it does not get too hot and has the advantage of not inhibiting the growth of the vine 10.

1 Sheet body 2 Surface drainage sheet 3 Weed-proof sheet 4 Adhesive part 5 Mesh sheet 6 Soil 7 Anchor pin 8 Mortar 9 Planting bag 10 Vines

Claims (4)

A surface drainage sheet that is made into a sheet with a thickness of 1 to 100 mm that has the flexibility to entangle fibers and adapts to the unevenness of the soil, and has water-conducting properties as a whole, and a weed-proof sheet that has light-shielding and water-permeable properties are layered on top of each other. The sheet body is made so that the flexibility of the surface drainage sheet is not dragged by the stiffness of the weed-proof sheet by adhering both at the dotted or linear part, and the surface drainage sheet side is soil on the slope soil. A slope construction method characterized by laying and fixing so that it is in close contact with the soil. The method for constructing a slope according to claim 1, wherein the sheet body is laid on a slope and then mortar is sprayed on the sheet body. After installing the planting bag on the slope, the above sheet body is laid and fixed, and then a hole is made in the sheet body of the part covering the planting bag and the vines are planted in the planting bag. The method for constructing a slope according to claim 1, wherein the slope is covered with a vine extending outward from a planting bag through a hole. A sheet body used in the slope construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , having a thickness of 1 to 100 mm and having flexibility to entangle fibers and adapt to unevenness of soil. The flexibility of the surface drainage sheet is prevented by stacking a surface drainage sheet that has water-conducting properties as a whole and a weed-proof sheet that has light-shielding and water-permeable properties and adhering them at the spotted or linear parts. A sheet body characterized by being prevented from being dragged by the stiffness of the grass sheet .

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