JP7065435B2 - Battery management system, battery system, and battery management method - Google Patents

Battery management system, battery system, and battery management method Download PDF

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JP7065435B2
JP7065435B2 JP2019541916A JP2019541916A JP7065435B2 JP 7065435 B2 JP7065435 B2 JP 7065435B2 JP 2019541916 A JP2019541916 A JP 2019541916A JP 2019541916 A JP2019541916 A JP 2019541916A JP 7065435 B2 JP7065435 B2 JP 7065435B2
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secondary battery
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management device
value
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JPWO2019054020A1 (en
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友和 佐田
幸和 大地
和弥 早山
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3647—Constructional arrangements for determining the ability of a battery to perform a critical function, e.g. cranking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]

Description

本発明は、二次電池の使用を管理する電池管理装置、電池システム、及び電池管理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a battery management device for controlling the use of a secondary battery, a battery system, and a battery management method.

近年、リチウムイオン電池の需要が拡大している。リチウムイオン電池は、車載用途（例えば、ＨＥＶ、ＰＨＥＶ、ＥＶ）、定置型蓄電用途、電子機器用途（例えば、ＰＣ、スマートフォン）など、様々な用途に使用されている。特にＨＥＶ、ＰＨＥＶ、ＥＶの出荷台数が増えてきており、車載用のリチウムイオン電池の出荷が伸びている。 In recent years, the demand for lithium-ion batteries has been increasing. Lithium-ion batteries are used in various applications such as in-vehicle applications (for example, HEV, PHEV, EV), stationary storage applications, electronic device applications (for example, PCs, smartphones), and the like. In particular, the number of HEVs, PHEVs, and EVs shipped is increasing, and the shipment of lithium-ion batteries for automobiles is increasing.

リチウムイオン電池などの二次電池を低温下で繰り返し充放電すると、容量の急激な劣化が発生しやすくなる。また二次電池をハイレートで繰り返し充放電する場合も、容量の急劣化が発生しやすくなる。容量の急劣化は、電解液の減少、極板反応面積の低下などに起因して発生する。容量の急劣化後は、入出力性能が著しく低下する。また、イオンとして溶けているリチウムが金属として析出しやすくなる。金属リチウムが析出すると、金属リチウムがセパレータを貫通し、正極と負極を短絡させる可能性がある。このように容量の急劣化後は、二次電池の安定性、安全性が低下するため、基本的に二次電池の使用を終了させる（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 When a secondary battery such as a lithium-ion battery is repeatedly charged and discharged at a low temperature, a rapid deterioration in capacity is likely to occur. Further, when the secondary battery is repeatedly charged and discharged at a high rate, sudden deterioration of the capacity is likely to occur. The sudden deterioration of the capacity occurs due to a decrease in the electrolytic solution, a decrease in the reaction area of the electrode plate, and the like. After the sudden deterioration of the capacity, the input / output performance is significantly deteriorated. In addition, lithium dissolved as ions is likely to precipitate as a metal. When metallic lithium precipitates, metallic lithium may penetrate the separator and short-circuit the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Since the stability and safety of the secondary battery deteriorate after the sudden deterioration of the capacity in this way, the use of the secondary battery is basically terminated (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

特開２０１５－２２２１９５号公報JP-A-2015-222195

上述のように二次電池の容量に急劣化が発生すると、基本的に二次電池を使用できなくなるため、二次電池の寿命を延ばすには、急劣化の発生をできるだけ先に延ばす必要がある。 As mentioned above, if the capacity of the secondary battery suddenly deteriorates, the secondary battery cannot be used basically. Therefore, in order to extend the life of the secondary battery, it is necessary to prolong the occurrence of the sudden deterioration as much as possible. ..

本発明はこうした状況に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、二次電池の容量の急劣化の発生を延ばす技術を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for extending the occurrence of sudden deterioration in the capacity of a secondary battery.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明のある態様の電池管理装置は、二次電池の複数時点の交流抵抗値を測定または推定し、当該複数時点の交流抵抗値をもとに前記二次電池の交流抵抗値の予想推移を推定し、前記二次電池の交流抵抗値が、前記二次電池の使用終了時点に対応する抵抗閾値に到達するまでの残存使用期間を推定する状態管理部と、前記二次電池の残存使用期間が所定期間未満になると、前記二次電池の使用方法を負担が小さい使用方法に変更する、または前記二次電池の使用を停止する動作管理部と、を備える。 In order to solve the above problems, the battery management device of a certain aspect of the present invention measures or estimates the AC resistance value at a plurality of time points of the secondary battery, and the secondary battery is based on the AC resistance value at the plurality of time points. A state management unit that estimates the expected transition of the AC resistance value of the secondary battery and estimates the remaining usage period until the AC resistance value of the secondary battery reaches the resistance threshold corresponding to the end of use of the secondary battery. When the remaining usage period of the secondary battery becomes less than a predetermined period, the operation management unit for changing the usage method of the secondary battery to a usage method with a small burden or stopping the use of the secondary battery is provided.

なお、以上の構成要素の任意の組み合わせ、本発明の表現を方法、装置、システム、コンピュータプログラムなどの間で変換したものもまた、本発明の態様として有効である。 It should be noted that any combination of the above components and the conversion of the expression of the present invention between methods, devices, systems, computer programs and the like are also effective as aspects of the present invention.

本発明によれば、二次電池の容量の急劣化の発生を延ばすことができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to prolong the occurrence of sudden deterioration in the capacity of the secondary battery.

本発明の実施の形態１に係る電池システムの構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of the battery system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 電池の充放電サイクル数と、ＳＯＨ／交流抵抗との関係を模式的に示す図である。It is a figure which shows typically the relationship between the charge / discharge cycle number of a battery, and SOH / AC resistance. 充放電サイクル数と交流抵抗値の関係を示す測定データをプロットした図である。It is a figure which plotted the measurement data which shows the relationship between the number of charge / discharge cycles, and the AC resistance value. 本発明の実施の形態１に係る電池システムの動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the operation flow of the battery system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態２に係る電池システムの構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of the battery system which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. 矩形パルス電流が重畳された充放電電流から、高周波成分を分離する様子を模式的に示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state which the high frequency component is separated from the charge / discharge current which superposed the rectangular pulse current. 本発明の実施の形態３に係る電池システムの構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of the battery system which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. 二次電池の充電または放電の開始時の電圧推移の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the voltage transition at the start of charge or discharge of a secondary battery. 二次電池の多段パルス充放電時の電流推移の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the current transition at the time of multi-stage pulse charge / discharge of a secondary battery.

図１は、本発明の実施の形態１に係る電池システム１の構成例を示す図である。電池システム１は、二次電池１０、インバータ回路２０、電池管理装置３０、電圧センサ４１、電流センサ４２及び発振器５０を備える。二次電池１０には、リチウムイオン電池、ニッケル水素電池、鉛電池などの化学電池を使用することができる。本実施の形態ではリチウムイオン電池を使用する例を想定する。二次電池１０の単位は基本的にセルを想定するが、複数のセルが組み合わせられたモジュールであってもよい。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the battery system 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The battery system 1 includes a secondary battery 10, an inverter circuit 20, a battery management device 30, a voltage sensor 41, a current sensor 42, and an oscillator 50. As the secondary battery 10, a chemical battery such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, or a lead battery can be used. In this embodiment, an example of using a lithium ion battery is assumed. The unit of the secondary battery 10 is basically assumed to be a cell, but it may be a module in which a plurality of cells are combined.

インバータ回路２０は、二次電池１０から放電される直流電力を交流電力に変換し、負荷２または商用電力系統（以下、電力系統という）３に出力する。またインバータ回路２０は、電力系統３から供給される交流電力を直流電力に変換し、二次電池１０に充電する。インバータ回路２０は、電池管理装置３０からの指示に従い、電流／電圧を制御することができる。例えば、二次電池１０の定電流（ＣＣ）充電／放電、又は定電圧（ＣＶ）充電／放電が可能である。 The inverter circuit 20 converts the DC power discharged from the secondary battery 10 into AC power and outputs the DC power to the load 2 or the commercial power system (hereinafter referred to as the power system) 3. Further, the inverter circuit 20 converts the AC power supplied from the power system 3 into DC power and charges the secondary battery 10. The inverter circuit 20 can control the current / voltage according to the instruction from the battery management device 30. For example, the secondary battery 10 can be charged / discharged with a constant current (CC) or charged / discharged with a constant voltage (CV).

電池システム１が車載用途で使用される場合、負荷２は走行用モータになる。電力系統３とは、駐車時にプラグを介して接続される。またインバータ回路２０は、走行用モータにより回生発電された交流電力を直流電力に変換し、二次電池１０に充電することもできる。また電池システム１が、ピークシフトやバックアップに使用される定置型の蓄電システムである場合、インバータ回路２０はパワーコンディショナ（ＰＣＳ）になる。 When the battery system 1 is used in an in-vehicle application, the load 2 becomes a traveling motor. The power system 3 is connected to the power system 3 via a plug when parking. Further, the inverter circuit 20 can also convert the AC power regenerated by the traveling motor into DC power and charge the secondary battery 10. Further, when the battery system 1 is a stationary power storage system used for peak shift or backup, the inverter circuit 20 becomes a power conditioner (PCS).

電圧センサ４１は、二次電池１０の電圧を計測して電池管理装置３０に出力する。電圧センサ４１には例えば、差動アンプを使用することができる。なお、複数のセルが直列接続されて二次電池１０が構成される場合、直列段ごとに電圧センサ４１が設置されることが好ましい。 The voltage sensor 41 measures the voltage of the secondary battery 10 and outputs it to the battery management device 30. For example, a differential amplifier can be used for the voltage sensor 41. When a plurality of cells are connected in series to form the secondary battery 10, it is preferable that the voltage sensor 41 is installed in each series stage.

電流センサ４２は、二次電池１０に流れる電流を計測して電池管理装置３０に出力する。電流センサ４２には例えば、シャント抵抗／ホール素子と差動アンプの組み合わせ、又はＣＴセンサを使用することができる。発振器５０は、交流信号（例えば、正弦波、矩形波）を発生させることができ、発生させた交流信号を二次電池１０に印加することができる。発振器として、ＬＣ発振器、ＲＣ発振器、水晶発振器などを使用することができる。 The current sensor 42 measures the current flowing through the secondary battery 10 and outputs it to the battery management device 30. For the current sensor 42, for example, a combination of a shunt resistance / Hall element and a differential amplifier, or a CT sensor can be used. The oscillator 50 can generate an AC signal (for example, a sine wave or a square wave), and the generated AC signal can be applied to the secondary battery 10. As the oscillator, an LC oscillator, an RC oscillator, a crystal oscillator, or the like can be used.

電池管理装置３０は、状態管理部３１及び動作管理部３２を含み、二次電池１０の状態および動作を管理する。電池管理装置３０の構成は、ハードウェア資源とソフトウェア資源の協働、またはハードウェア資源のみにより実現できる。ハードウェア資源として、マイクロコンピュータ、ＤＳＰ、ＦＰＧＡ、ＲＯＭ、ＲＡＭ、その他のＬＳＩを利用できる。ソフトウェア資源としてファームウェア等のプログラムを利用できる。 The battery management device 30 includes a state management unit 31 and an operation management unit 32, and manages the state and operation of the secondary battery 10. The configuration of the battery management device 30 can be realized by the cooperation of hardware resources and software resources, or only by hardware resources. Microcomputers, DSPs, FPGAs, ROMs, RAMs, and other LSIs can be used as hardware resources. Programs such as firmware can be used as software resources.

状態管理部３１は、電圧センサ４１から入力される電圧値、電流センサ４２から入力される電流値、及び温度センサ（不図示）から入力される温度値をもとに二次電池１０の状態を管理する。本実施の形態に関連する管理項目として、二次電池１０のＳＯＣ(State Of Charge)、及びＳＯＨ(State Of Health）を管理する。ＳＯＣは、電流積算法またはＯＣＶ（Open Circuit Voltage）法により推定することができる。 The state management unit 31 determines the state of the secondary battery 10 based on the voltage value input from the voltage sensor 41, the current value input from the current sensor 42, and the temperature value input from the temperature sensor (not shown). to manage. SOC (State Of Charge) and SOH (State Of Health) of the secondary battery 10 are managed as management items related to the present embodiment. The SOC can be estimated by the current integration method or the OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) method.

ＳＯＨは、初期の満充電容量に対する現在の満充電容量の比率で規定され、数値が低いほど劣化が進行していることを示す。ＳＯＨは、完全充放電による容量計測により求めてもよいし、予め実験やシミュレーションにより得られた放置劣化速度と電流劣化速度をもとに推定してもよい。放置劣化は主にＳＯＣと温度により決定され、電流劣化は主に積算電流量と温度により決定される。状態管理部３１は、放置劣化速度、ＳＯＣ、温度をもとに放置劣化度を推定し、電流劣化速度、積算電流量、温度をもとに電流劣化度を算出し、両者を合算して二次電池１０のＳＯＨを推定できる。 SOH is defined by the ratio of the current full charge capacity to the initial full charge capacity, and the lower the value, the more the deterioration progresses. The SOH may be obtained by capacity measurement by complete charge / discharge, or may be estimated based on the neglected deterioration rate and the current deterioration rate obtained in advance by experiments or simulations. Abandoned deterioration is mainly determined by SOC and temperature, and current deterioration is mainly determined by integrated current amount and temperature. The state management unit 31 estimates the degree of neglected deterioration based on the neglected deterioration rate, SOC, and temperature, calculates the degree of current deterioration based on the current deterioration rate, integrated current amount, and temperature, and adds up the two. The SOH of the next battery 10 can be estimated.

動作管理部３２は、状態管理部３１により管理される二次電池１０の状態をもとに、電流指令値／電力指令値を生成し、インバータ回路２０に設定する。インバータ回路２０は、動作管理部３２から設定される電流指令値／電力指令値に応じて充放電制御を行う。 The operation management unit 32 generates a current command value / power command value based on the state of the secondary battery 10 managed by the state management unit 31, and sets it in the inverter circuit 20. The inverter circuit 20 performs charge / discharge control according to the current command value / power command value set by the operation management unit 32.

二次電池１０は、充放電回数が増加するに従い劣化が進行する。即ち、充放電回数が増加するに従いＳＯＨが低下していく。電池の種類にも依存するが、基本的にほぼ一定の傾きを保ちながらＳＯＨが低下していく。上述のように低温または高温環境下での充放電、ハイレートでの充放電など、電池にとって負担が大きい使用方法が繰り返し行われると、急劣化が発生しやすくなる。急劣化が発生すると、基本的に電池が使用できなくなるため電池の寿命が短くなる。 The secondary battery 10 deteriorates as the number of times of charging and discharging increases. That is, the SOH decreases as the number of charges and discharges increases. Although it depends on the type of battery, the SOH basically decreases while maintaining an almost constant inclination. As described above, when a battery is repeatedly used, such as charging / discharging in a low temperature or high temperature environment and charging / discharging at a high rate, sudden deterioration is likely to occur. When sudden deterioration occurs, the battery life is basically shortened because the battery cannot be used.

急劣化の主な要因は電解液の減少にある。電解液の量を直接計測するには電池を分解する必要があり、電池の使用中に電池を分解するのは現実的でない。そこで電池を分解せずに、外部から電池の内部状態を推定して、急劣化の予兆を検知する方法が求められる。これに対して、電池の外部から、電解液が反応する周波数帯の交流信号を印加して、電池の交流抵抗を測定／推定することにより、電池の内部状態を推定する方法がある。 The main cause of rapid deterioration is the decrease in electrolyte. It is necessary to disassemble the battery to directly measure the amount of electrolyte, and it is not realistic to disassemble the battery while the battery is in use. Therefore, there is a need for a method of estimating the internal state of a battery from the outside without disassembling the battery and detecting a sign of sudden deterioration. On the other hand, there is a method of estimating the internal state of the battery by applying an AC signal in the frequency band in which the electrolytic solution reacts from the outside of the battery and measuring / estimating the AC resistance of the battery.

図２は、電池の充放電サイクル数と、ＳＯＨ／交流抵抗との関係を模式的に示す図である。上述のようにＳＯＨは、充放電サイクル数が増加するに従い低下する。なお、充放電サイクル数の代わりに、負荷２への累積充電電流量［Ａｈ］、累積放電電流量［Ａｈ］、または累積充電電力量［Ｗｈ］、累積放電電力量［Ｗｈ］などを使用してもよい。急劣化点Ｐ１は、電池に急劣化が発生した地点を示している。一方、電池の交流抵抗は、ＳＯＨが低下するに従い増加する。ＳＯＨが急劣化点Ｐ１に到達した時点の交流抵抗値を、急劣化点Ｐ１を検出するための閾値に決定する。 FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the number of charge / discharge cycles of the battery and the SOH / AC resistance. As described above, SOH decreases as the number of charge / discharge cycles increases. Instead of the number of charge / discharge cycles, the cumulative charge current amount [Ah], the cumulative discharge current amount [Ah], the cumulative charge power amount [Wh], the cumulative discharge power amount [Wh], etc. to the load 2 are used. You may. The sudden deterioration point P1 indicates a point where the battery has suddenly deteriorated. On the other hand, the AC resistance of the battery increases as the SOH decreases. The AC resistance value at the time when the SOH reaches the sudden deterioration point P1 is determined as a threshold value for detecting the sudden deterioration point P1.

図３は、充放電サイクル数と交流抵抗値の関係を示す測定データをプロットした図である。この測定データは、高温で長期間保存後に、常温で充放電を繰り返し、交流抵抗を測定したものである。５つの測定データは、５つの同じ種類の電池を、異なる保存条件で保存後に測定したデータである。保存条件のパラメータとして、保存時の温度、保存期間、保存時のＳＯＣを使用することができる。交流抵抗の測定時は同じ条件で測定している。 FIG. 3 is a diagram plotting measurement data showing the relationship between the number of charge / discharge cycles and the AC resistance value. This measurement data is obtained by repeatedly charging and discharging at room temperature after storing at high temperature for a long period of time to measure AC resistance. The five measurement data are data measured after storing five batteries of the same type under different storage conditions. As the parameters of the storage condition, the temperature at the time of storage, the storage period, and the SOC at the time of storage can be used. The AC resistance is measured under the same conditions.

図３において、塗りつぶされていない丸は、容量の急劣化が発生していない状態で測定された交流抵抗を示している。塗りつぶされている丸は、容量の急劣化が発生した後に測定された交流抵抗を示している。急劣化の発生地点は、交流抵抗の増加速度の傾きが急上昇した地点で推定される。以上のような測定データをもとに、使用する電池の急劣化点Ｐ１を検出するための閾値が決定される。 In FIG. 3, the unfilled circles indicate the AC resistance measured in the state where the sudden deterioration of the capacitance does not occur. The filled circles indicate the AC resistance measured after the sudden deterioration of the capacitance occurred. The point where sudden deterioration occurs is estimated at the point where the slope of the rate of increase in AC resistance rises sharply. Based on the above measurement data, the threshold value for detecting the sudden deterioration point P1 of the battery to be used is determined.

図４は、本発明の実施の形態１に係る電池システム１の動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。状態管理部３１は、異なる複数の時点で、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を測定する（Ｓ１０）。具体的には状態管理部３１は、発振器５０に指示して所定周波数の交流電流Ｉａｃを発生させ、二次電池１０に当該交流電流Ｉａｃを流す。所定周波数は、１００Ｈｚ～１０ｋＨｚの範囲内の値であることが好ましく、例えば１ｋＨｚが使用される。二次電池１０に当該交流電流Ｉａｃが流れている状態で、状態管理部３１は、電圧センサ４１を用いて二次電池１０の交流電圧Ｖａｃを測定する。状態管理部３１は、当該交流電圧Ｖａｃと当該交流電流Ｉａｃとの複素振幅比｜Ｖａｃ／Ｉａｃ｜を算出して、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を測定する。 FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation flow of the battery system 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The state management unit 31 measures the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10 at a plurality of different time points (S10). Specifically, the state management unit 31 instructs the oscillator 50 to generate an alternating current Iac having a predetermined frequency, and causes the alternating current Iac to flow through the secondary battery 10. The predetermined frequency is preferably a value in the range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz, and for example, 1 kHz is used. With the AC current Iac flowing through the secondary battery 10, the state management unit 31 measures the AC voltage Vac of the secondary battery 10 using the voltage sensor 41. The state management unit 31 calculates the complex amplitude ratio | Vac / Iac | of the AC voltage Vac and the AC current Iac, and measures the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10.

なお電流と電圧の関係は逆でもよい。即ち、状態管理部３１は、発振器５０に指示して所定周波数の交流電圧Ｖａｃを発生させ、二次電池１０に当該交流電圧Ｖａｃを印加させる。二次電池１０に当該交流電圧Ｖａｃが印加されている状態で、状態管理部３１は、電流センサ４２を用いて二次電池１０に流れいている交流電流Ｉａｃを測定する。状態管理部３１は、当該交流電圧Ｖａｃと当該交流電流Ｉａｃとの複素振幅比｜Ｖａｃ／Ｉａｃ｜を算出して、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を測定する。 The relationship between current and voltage may be reversed. That is, the state management unit 31 instructs the oscillator 50 to generate an AC voltage Vac having a predetermined frequency, and applies the AC voltage Vac to the secondary battery 10. With the AC voltage Vac applied to the secondary battery 10, the state management unit 31 measures the AC current Iac flowing in the secondary battery 10 using the current sensor 42. The state management unit 31 calculates the complex amplitude ratio | Vac / Iac | of the AC voltage Vac and the AC current Iac, and measures the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10.

次に状態管理部３１は、複数の時点の交流抵抗値をもとに、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値の予想推移を推定する。具体的には交流抵抗値の変化速度を推定する（Ｓ１１）。交流抵抗値の変化速度は、図２に示したように線形的（１乗則）に上昇するものに限られない。電池の種類によっては、指数的あるいは対数的に上昇するものもある。一般的な電池であれば、交流抵抗値は、充放電サイクル数の増加に対して０．３～１乗則で上昇する。 Next, the state management unit 31 estimates the expected transition of the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10 based on the AC resistance values at a plurality of time points. Specifically, the rate of change of the AC resistance value is estimated (S11). The rate of change of the AC resistance value is not limited to that increasing linearly (the first power law) as shown in FIG. Depending on the type of battery, it may increase exponentially or logarithmically. In the case of a general battery, the AC resistance value increases by a rule of 0.3 to 1 with respect to an increase in the number of charge / discharge cycles.

状態管理部３１は、推定した交流抵抗値の変化速度と、現在の交流抵抗値をもとに、二次電池１０の使用終了時点に対応する抵抗閾値に到達するまでの残存使用期間を推定する（Ｓ１２）。現在の交流抵抗値は、測定した値を使用してもよいし、過去の交流抵抗値と上記抵抗変化速度から推定した推定値を使用してもよい。残存使用期間は、現在の交流抵抗値を起点として、交流抵抗値が上記抵抗変化速度で変化していった場合に、当該交流抵抗値が上記抵抗閾値に到達するまでの期間で規定される。一般的な円筒型のリチウムイオン電池セルであれば、１ｋＨｚの交流信号印加時の抵抗閾値は、２０～４０ｍΩの範囲に存在することが多い。 The state management unit 31 estimates the remaining usage period until the resistance threshold corresponding to the end of use of the secondary battery 10 is reached, based on the estimated change rate of the AC resistance value and the current AC resistance value. (S12). As the current AC resistance value, a measured value may be used, or an estimated value estimated from the past AC resistance value and the above-mentioned resistance change rate may be used. The remaining use period is defined as a period from the current AC resistance value to the time when the AC resistance value reaches the resistance threshold value when the AC resistance value changes at the resistance change rate. In a general cylindrical lithium-ion battery cell, the resistance threshold value when an AC signal of 1 kHz is applied often exists in the range of 20 to 40 mΩ.

状態管理部３１は、推定した残存使用期間と所定期間を比較する（Ｓ１３）。所定期間は、通常使用時の寿命が１０年程度の電池である場合、例えば、３年に設定される。残存使用期間が所定期間未満になると（Ｓ１３のＹ）、状態管理部３１は、残存使用期間が所定期間未満になったことを動作管理部３２に通知する。動作管理部３２は、二次電池１０の使用方法を、現在の使用方法より負担が小さい使用方法に変更する（Ｓ１４）。 The state management unit 31 compares the estimated remaining usage period with the predetermined period (S13). The predetermined period is set to, for example, 3 years when the battery has a life of about 10 years during normal use. When the remaining use period is less than the predetermined period (Y in S13), the state management unit 31 notifies the operation management unit 32 that the remaining use period is less than the predetermined period. The operation management unit 32 changes the usage method of the secondary battery 10 to a usage method that is less burdensome than the current usage method (S14).

例えば動作管理部３２は、二次電池１０のＳＯＣが所定値（例えば、７０％）より高い高ＳＯＣ領域における充電レートを低下させる。具体的には動作管理部３２は、高ＳＯＣ領域における充電時の電流指令値を低下させる。なお動作管理部３２は、高ＳＯＣ領域における充電レートを、急劣化点までの残存使用期間が短くなるほど、より低く設定してもよい。 For example, the operation management unit 32 lowers the charging rate in a high SOC region where the SOC of the secondary battery 10 is higher than a predetermined value (for example, 70%). Specifically, the operation management unit 32 lowers the current command value at the time of charging in the high SOC region. The operation management unit 32 may set the charge rate in the high SOC region to be lower as the remaining use period up to the sudden deterioration point becomes shorter.

また動作管理部３２は、所定の温度（例えば、０℃未満）より低い低温下における充電レートを低下させてもよい。この場合も、急劣化点までの残存使用期間が短くなるほど、より低く設定してもよい。 Further, the operation control unit 32 may lower the charging rate at a low temperature lower than a predetermined temperature (for example, less than 0 ° C.). In this case as well, the shorter the remaining usage period up to the sudden deterioration point, the lower the setting may be made.

また動作管理部３２は、二次電池１０の使用ＳＯＣ範囲を狭めてもよい。例えば、使用ＳＯＣ範囲の上限値を低下させる。または、使用ＳＯＣ範囲の下限値を上昇させる。または、その両方を実行する。例えば、残存使用期間が所定期間を上回る段階における使用ＳＯＣ範囲が０～１００％であった場合、残存使用期間が所定期間を下回ると、０～８０％、２０～１００％、又は２０～８０％に変更する。 Further, the operation management unit 32 may narrow the use SOC range of the secondary battery 10. For example, the upper limit of the SOC range used is lowered. Alternatively, the lower limit of the SOC range used is increased. Or do both. For example, if the SOC range used is 0 to 100% when the remaining usage period exceeds the predetermined period, and 0 to 80%, 20 to 100%, or 20 to 80% when the remaining usage period falls below the predetermined period. Change to.

以上説明したように実施の形態１によれば、急劣化発生時までの残存使用期間を予測し、残存使用期間が所定期間より短くなると、二次電池１０の使用方法を、負担が小さい使用方法に変更する。これにより、二次電池１０の急劣化発生を先に延ばすことができる。それにより、二次電池１０を安全に使用することができる期間を延ばすことができる。また、分解せずに残存使用期間が推定できるため、ユーザによる二次電池１０の使用を妨げずに、二次電池１０の性能劣化を診断することができる。 As described above, according to the first embodiment, the remaining use period until the occurrence of sudden deterioration is predicted, and when the remaining use period becomes shorter than the predetermined period, the method of using the secondary battery 10 is less burdensome. Change to. As a result, the sudden deterioration of the secondary battery 10 can be postponed. Thereby, the period during which the secondary battery 10 can be used safely can be extended. Further, since the remaining usage period can be estimated without disassembling, it is possible to diagnose the performance deterioration of the secondary battery 10 without hindering the user from using the secondary battery 10.

図５は、本発明の実施の形態２に係る電池システム１の構成例を示す図である。実施の形態２に係る電池システム１は、実施の形態１に係る電池システム１と比較し、電流経路に、高周波信号を検出するためのバイパス回路を設けた点が異なる。当該バイパス回路にはバンドパスフィルタ６０が挿入される。主電流経路にはローパスフィルタ６１が挿入される。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the battery system 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The battery system 1 according to the second embodiment is different from the battery system 1 according to the first embodiment in that a bypass circuit for detecting a high frequency signal is provided in the current path. A bandpass filter 60 is inserted into the bypass circuit. A low-pass filter 61 is inserted in the main current path.

ローパスフィルタ６１は、主電流経路に流れる充放電電流の高周波成分を除去する。バンドパスフィルタ６０は、上記所定周波数（例えば、１ｋＨｚ）付近に透過ピークを有するフィルタである。バンドパスフィルタ６０を通過後の信号は、上記所定周波数付近の高周波成分のみを有する信号となる。電圧センサ４１は、バンドパスフィルタ６０を通過後の高周波電圧を測定し、電流センサ４２は、バンドパスフィルタ６０を通過後の高周波電流を測定する。なお、バンドパスフィルタ６０の代わりに、上記所定周波数付近に透過ピークを有するハイパスフィルタを使用してもよい。 The low-pass filter 61 removes high-frequency components of the charge / discharge current flowing in the main current path. The bandpass filter 60 is a filter having a transmission peak near the predetermined frequency (for example, 1 kHz). The signal after passing through the bandpass filter 60 is a signal having only high frequency components near the predetermined frequency. The voltage sensor 41 measures the high frequency voltage after passing through the bandpass filter 60, and the current sensor 42 measures the high frequency current after passing through the bandpass filter 60. Instead of the bandpass filter 60, a high-pass filter having a transmission peak near the predetermined frequency may be used.

実施の形態２に係る電池システム１では、二次電池１０と負荷２／電力系統３との間で充放電が実行されている最中でも、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を測定することができる。状態管理部３１は、二次電池１０の充放電中、発振器５０に指示して所定周波数の正弦波電流または矩形パルス電流を、二次電池１０の充放電電流に重畳させることができる。 In the battery system 1 according to the second embodiment, the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10 can be measured even while charging / discharging is being executed between the secondary battery 10 and the load 2 / power system 3. .. During charging / discharging of the secondary battery 10, the state management unit 31 can instruct the oscillator 50 to superimpose a sinusoidal current or a rectangular pulse current of a predetermined frequency on the charging / discharging current of the secondary battery 10.

図６は、矩形パルス電流が重畳された充放電電流から、高周波成分を分離する様子を模式的に示す図である。右下の図は、矩形パルス電流が重畳された充放電電流から、バンドパスフィルタ又はハイパスフィルタを使用して、高周波の矩形パルス電圧を抽出した図である。電圧センサ４１は、抽出された矩形パルス電圧を測定する。状態管理部３１は、重畳した矩形パルス電流Ｉの振幅と、測定された矩形パルス電圧Ｖの振幅との比率Ｖ／Ｉを算出して、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を測定する。なお、図６の左下の図は、矩形パルス電流が重畳された充放電電流から、ローパスフィルタを使用して、直流の充放電電流を抽出した図である。 FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing how a high frequency component is separated from a charge / discharge current on which a rectangular pulse current is superimposed. The lower right figure is a diagram in which a high-frequency rectangular pulse voltage is extracted from a charge / discharge current on which a rectangular pulse current is superimposed by using a bandpass filter or a high-pass filter. The voltage sensor 41 measures the extracted rectangular pulse voltage. The state management unit 31 calculates the ratio V / I of the amplitude of the superimposed rectangular pulse current I and the amplitude of the measured rectangular pulse voltage V, and measures the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10. The lower left figure of FIG. 6 is a diagram in which a DC charge / discharge current is extracted from the charge / discharge current on which a rectangular pulse current is superimposed by using a low-pass filter.

以上説明したように実施の形態２によれば、実施の形態１と同様の効果を奏する。さらに、バンドパスフィルタ６０を設けたことにより、直流の充放電電流に重畳された高周波信号の電圧／電流を高精度に測定することができる。従って、電池システム１の充放電の最中でも、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を高精度に測定することができる。二次電池１０から負荷２への給電を停止できない用途に適している。 As described above, according to the second embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment is obtained. Further, by providing the bandpass filter 60, it is possible to measure the voltage / current of the high frequency signal superimposed on the DC charge / discharge current with high accuracy. Therefore, the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10 can be measured with high accuracy even during charging / discharging of the battery system 1. It is suitable for applications where the power supply from the secondary battery 10 to the load 2 cannot be stopped.

なお、充放電電流に高周波信号を重畳させた状態でも、電圧センサ４１の測定値および電流センサ４２の測定値から、上記所定周波数の電圧および電流を高精度に検出できる場合は、必ずしも上記バイパス回路およびバンドパスフィルタ６０を設ける必要はない。 If the voltage and current of the predetermined frequency can be detected with high accuracy from the measured value of the voltage sensor 41 and the measured value of the current sensor 42 even when the high frequency signal is superimposed on the charge / discharge current, the bypass circuit is not necessarily used. And it is not necessary to provide the band path filter 60.

図７は、本発明の実施の形態３に係る電池システム１の構成例を示す図である。実施の形態３に係る電池システム１は、実施の形態１に係る電池システム１から発振器５０を省略した構成である。二次電池１０に交流信号を印加しなくても、充放電開始時または充放電停止時の過渡応答を測定することにより、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を推定することができる。 FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the battery system 1 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The battery system 1 according to the third embodiment has a configuration in which the oscillator 50 is omitted from the battery system 1 according to the first embodiment. Even if an AC signal is not applied to the secondary battery 10, the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10 can be estimated by measuring the transient response at the start of charging / discharging or at the stopping of charging / discharging.

状態管理部３１は、動作管理部３２に所定電流値Ｉで二次電池１０の充電または放電を開始させる。状態管理部３１は電圧センサ４１を用いて、充電または放電の開始時から所定時間における二次電池１０の電圧変化値ΔＶを測定する。所定時間は、１０ｍｓ以下であることが好ましく、１ｍｓ以下であることがより好ましい。例えば所定時間として０．５ｍｓが使用される。０．５ｍｓは、上記所定周波数の１ｋＨｚに相当する。 The state management unit 31 causes the operation management unit 32 to start charging or discharging the secondary battery 10 at a predetermined current value I. The state management unit 31 measures the voltage change value ΔV of the secondary battery 10 in a predetermined time from the start of charging or discharging by using the voltage sensor 41. The predetermined time is preferably 10 ms or less, and more preferably 1 ms or less. For example, 0.5 ms is used as a predetermined time. 0.5 ms corresponds to 1 kHz of the predetermined frequency.

状態管理部３１は、測定した電圧変化値ΔＶと上記所定電流値Ｉとの比率ΔＶ／Ｉから交流抵抗値を推定する。充電または放電の開始時、電流は所定電流値Ｉまで瞬時に上昇するが、電圧は交流抵抗値に応じた鈍りを伴って上昇する。 The state management unit 31 estimates the AC resistance value from the ratio ΔV / I of the measured voltage change value ΔV and the predetermined current value I. At the start of charging or discharging, the current rises instantaneously to a predetermined current value I, but the voltage rises with blunting according to the AC resistance value.

また充電または放電の終了時の過渡応答特性から、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を推定することもできる。所定電流値Ｉで二次電池１０に充電または二次電池１０から放電している状態において、状態管理部３１は、動作管理部３２に二次電池１０の充電または放電を停止させる。状態管理部３１は電圧センサ４１を用いて、充電または放電の停止時から所定時間における二次電池１０の電圧変化値ΔＶを測定する。状態管理部３１は、測定した電圧変化値ΔＶと上記電流値Ｉとの比率ΔＶ／Ｉから二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を推定する。充電または放電の停止時、電流はゼロまで瞬時に低下するが、電圧は交流抵抗値に応じた鈍りを伴ってゼロまで低下する。 It is also possible to estimate the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10 from the transient response characteristics at the end of charging or discharging. In a state where the secondary battery 10 is being charged or discharged from the secondary battery 10 at a predetermined current value I, the state management unit 31 causes the operation management unit 32 to stop charging or discharging the secondary battery 10. The state management unit 31 measures the voltage change value ΔV of the secondary battery 10 in a predetermined time from the time when charging or discharging is stopped by using the voltage sensor 41. The state management unit 31 estimates the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10 from the ratio ΔV / I of the measured voltage change value ΔV and the current value I. When charging or discharging is stopped, the current drops to zero instantly, but the voltage drops to zero with blunting according to the AC resistance value.

図８は、二次電池１０の充電または放電の開始時の電圧推移の一例を示す図である。図８に示すように充電または放電の開始時から０．５ｍｓ後の電圧を測定することにより、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を推定することができる。 FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a voltage transition at the start of charging or discharging of the secondary battery 10. As shown in FIG. 8, the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10 can be estimated by measuring the voltage 0.5 ms after the start of charging or discharging.

また、充電または放電の開始時において、目標の電流値まで多段階に上昇させてもよい。その場合、段階ごとに過渡応答を測定することができる。状態管理部３１は、動作管理部３２に二次電池１０の充電または放電を開始させた後、負荷２に供給すべき電流値に到達するまで、二次電池１０の充電電流または放電電流を段階的に変化させる。 Further, at the start of charging or discharging, the current value may be increased in multiple steps to the target current value. In that case, the transient response can be measured step by step. After the operation management unit 32 starts charging or discharging the secondary battery 10, the state management unit 31 steps the charging current or discharging current of the secondary battery 10 until the current value to be supplied to the load 2 is reached. Change the target.

状態管理部３１は電圧センサ４１を用いて、各段階において、二次電池１０の電圧変化値ΔＶを測定する。状態管理部３１は、各段階において測定した電圧変化値ΔＶと各段階において流した電流値Ｉとの比率ΔＶ／Ｉから、二次電池１０の各段階における交流抵抗値を推定する。状態管理部３１は、各段階における交流抵抗値の平均値を算出して、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を最終的に決定する。 The state management unit 31 uses the voltage sensor 41 to measure the voltage change value ΔV of the secondary battery 10 at each stage. The state management unit 31 estimates the AC resistance value in each stage of the secondary battery 10 from the ratio ΔV / I of the voltage change value ΔV measured in each stage and the current value I flowing in each stage. The state management unit 31 calculates the average value of the AC resistance values in each stage, and finally determines the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10.

また充電または放電の終了時の終了時において、現在の電流値からゼロまで多段階に低下させてもよい。その場合、段階ごとに過渡応答を測定することができる。所定電流値Ｉで二次電池１０に充電または二次電池１０から放電している状態において、状態管理部３１は、動作管理部３２に電流値がゼロに到達するまで、二次電池１０の充電電流または放電電流を段階的に変化させる。 Further, at the end of charging or discharging, the current value may be reduced from the current current value to zero in multiple steps. In that case, the transient response can be measured step by step. In a state where the secondary battery 10 is charged or discharged from the secondary battery 10 at a predetermined current value I, the state management unit 31 charges the secondary battery 10 until the current value reaches zero in the operation management unit 32. The current or discharge current is changed stepwise.

状態管理部３１は電圧センサ４１を用いて、各段階において、二次電池１０の電圧変化値ΔＶを測定する。状態管理部３１は、各段階において測定した電圧変化値ΔＶと各段階において流した電流値Ｉとの比率ΔＶ／Ｉから、二次電池１０の各段階における交流抵抗値を推定する。状態管理部３１は、各段階における交流抵抗値の平均値を算出して、二次電池１０の交流抵抗値を最終的に決定する。 The state management unit 31 uses the voltage sensor 41 to measure the voltage change value ΔV of the secondary battery 10 at each stage. The state management unit 31 estimates the AC resistance value in each stage of the secondary battery 10 from the ratio ΔV / I of the voltage change value ΔV measured in each stage and the current value I flowing in each stage. The state management unit 31 calculates the average value of the AC resistance values in each stage, and finally determines the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10.

図９は、二次電池１０の多段パルス充放電時の電流推移の一例を示す図である。図９では、３段階で二次電池１０の交流抵抗値が推定され、平均化されて使用される。 FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the current transition of the secondary battery 10 during multi-stage pulse charging / discharging. In FIG. 9, the AC resistance value of the secondary battery 10 is estimated in three steps, averaged and used.

以上説明したように実施の形態３によれば、実施の形態１と同様の効果を奏する。さらに、発振器５０が不要であるため、発振器５０の追加による追加コストを抑えることができる。本来的に、発振器５０が備えられていない蓄電システムにおいて特に有効である。また、多段階の過渡応答を測定し、平均化して交流抵抗値を推定することにより、瞬時ノイズの影響を軽減することができる。 As described above, according to the third embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment is obtained. Further, since the oscillator 50 is not required, the additional cost due to the addition of the oscillator 50 can be suppressed. Inherently, it is particularly effective in a power storage system that is not provided with an oscillator 50. Further, by measuring the transient response in multiple stages and averaging them to estimate the AC resistance value, the influence of instantaneous noise can be reduced.

以上、本発明を実施の形態をもとに説明した。実施の形態は例示であり、それらの各構成要素や各処理プロセスの組み合わせにいろいろな変形例が可能なこと、またそうした変形例も本発明の範囲にあることは当業者に理解されるところである。 The present invention has been described above based on the embodiments. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are exemplary and that various modifications are possible for each of these components and combinations of processing processes, and that such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention. ..

上述の実施の形態では、二次電池１０の残存使用期間が所定期間未満になったとき、二次電池１０の使用方法を負担が小さい使用方法に変更する例を説明した。この点、二次電池１０の使用を停止させてもよい。例えば、上記所定期間を短く設定し、急劣化点到達に比較的近い時点で、二次電池１０の使用を停止させることにより、不安全事象が発生する確率が高まる前に二次電池１０の使用を終了させることができる。 In the above-described embodiment, when the remaining usage period of the secondary battery 10 is less than a predetermined period, an example of changing the usage method of the secondary battery 10 to a usage method with a small burden has been described. At this point, the use of the secondary battery 10 may be stopped. For example, by setting the predetermined period short and stopping the use of the secondary battery 10 at a time relatively close to reaching the sudden deterioration point, the use of the secondary battery 10 is performed before the probability that an unsafe event occurs increases. Can be terminated.

なお、実施の形態は、以下の項目によって特定されてもよい。 The embodiment may be specified by the following items.

［項目１］
二次電池（１０）の複数時点の交流抵抗値を測定または推定し、当該複数時点の交流抵抗値をもとに前記二次電池（１０）の交流抵抗値の予想推移を推定し、前記二次電池（１０）の交流抵抗値が、前記二次電池（１０）の使用終了時点に対応する抵抗閾値に到達するまでの残存使用期間を推定する状態管理部（３１）と、
前記二次電池（１０）の残存使用期間が所定期間未満になると、前記二次電池（１０）の使用方法を負担が小さい使用方法に変更する、または前記二次電池（１０）の使用を停止する動作管理部（３２）と、
を備えることを特徴とする電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 1]
The AC resistance value at a plurality of time points of the secondary battery (10) is measured or estimated, and the expected transition of the AC resistance value of the secondary battery (10) is estimated based on the AC resistance value at the plurality of time points. A state management unit (31) that estimates the remaining usage period until the AC resistance value of the secondary battery (10) reaches the resistance threshold corresponding to the end of use of the secondary battery (10).
When the remaining usage period of the secondary battery (10) is less than a predetermined period, the usage method of the secondary battery (10) is changed to a usage method with a lighter burden, or the use of the secondary battery (10) is stopped. Operation management unit (32)
The battery management device (30).

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の容量の急劣化の発生を延ばす、または回避することができる。 According to this, it is possible to prolong or avoid the occurrence of sudden deterioration of the capacity of the secondary battery (10).

［項目２］
前記状態管理部（３１）は、所定周波数の交流電流を前記二次電池（１０）に流して前記二次電池（１０）の交流電圧を測定し、前記交流電圧と前記交流電流との複素振幅比を算出して前記交流抵抗値を測定することを特徴とする項目１に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 2]
The state management unit (31) passes an alternating current of a predetermined frequency through the secondary battery (10), measures the alternating voltage of the secondary battery (10), and has a complex amplitude of the alternating voltage and the alternating current. The battery management device (30) according to item 1, wherein the ratio is calculated and the AC resistance value is measured.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）を分解せずに、二次電池（１０）の電解液減少などの内部劣化の状態を推定することができる。 According to this, it is possible to estimate the state of internal deterioration such as a decrease in the electrolytic solution of the secondary battery (10) without disassembling the secondary battery (10).

［項目３］
前記状態管理部（３１）は、所定周波数の交流電圧を前記二次電池（１０）に印加して前記二次電池（２０）の交流電流を測定し、前記交流電圧と前記交流電流との複素振幅比を算出して前記交流抵抗値を測定することを特徴とする項目１に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 3]
The state management unit (31) applies an AC voltage of a predetermined frequency to the secondary battery (10), measures the AC current of the secondary battery (20), and is a complex of the AC voltage and the AC current. The battery management device (30) according to item 1, wherein the AC resistance value is measured by calculating the amplitude ratio.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）を分解せずに、二次電池（１０）の内部劣化の状態を推定することができる。 According to this, the state of internal deterioration of the secondary battery (10) can be estimated without disassembling the secondary battery (10).

［項目４］
前記所定周波数は、１００Ｈｚ～１０ｋＨｚの範囲内の値であることを特徴とする項目２または３に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 4]
The battery management device (30) according to item 2 or 3, wherein the predetermined frequency is a value in the range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の内部劣化の状態を高精度に推定することができる。 According to this, the state of internal deterioration of the secondary battery (10) can be estimated with high accuracy.

［項目５］
前記所定周波数は、１ｋＨｚであることを特徴とする項目２または３に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 5]
The battery management device (30) according to item 2 or 3, wherein the predetermined frequency is 1 kHz.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の内部劣化の状態を高精度に推定することができる。 According to this, the state of internal deterioration of the secondary battery (10) can be estimated with high accuracy.

［項目６］
前記所定周波数付近に透過ピークを有するバンドパスフィルタ（６０）をさらに備えることを特徴とする項目２から５のいずれか１項に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 6]
The battery management device (30) according to any one of items 2 to 5, further comprising a bandpass filter (60) having a transmission peak in the vicinity of the predetermined frequency.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の高周波電圧／電流を高精度に測定することができる。 According to this, the high frequency voltage / current of the secondary battery (10) can be measured with high accuracy.

［項目７］
前記状態管理部（３１）は、前記二次電池（１０）の充電電流または放電電流に、正弦波電流または矩形パルス電流を重畳させ、重畳した電流の振幅と、測定された交流電圧の振幅との比率を算出して前記交流抵抗値を測定することを特徴とする項目１から６のいずれか１項に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 7]
The state management unit (31) superimposes a sinusoidal current or a rectangular pulse current on the charge current or discharge current of the secondary battery (10), and the amplitude of the superposed current and the amplitude of the measured AC voltage. The battery management device (30) according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the AC resistance value is measured by calculating the ratio of the above.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の充放電中にも、二次電池（１０）の交流抵抗値を測定することができる。 According to this, the AC resistance value of the secondary battery (10) can be measured even during charging / discharging of the secondary battery (10).

［項目８］
前記状態管理部（３１）は、所定電流値で前記二次電池（１０）の充電または放電を開始させ、開始時から所定時間における前記二次電池（１０）の電圧変化値を測定し、前記電圧変化値と前記所定電流値との比率から前記交流抵抗値を推定することを特徴とする項目１に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 8]
The state management unit (31) starts charging or discharging the secondary battery (10) at a predetermined current value, measures the voltage change value of the secondary battery (10) from the start time to a predetermined time, and describes the above. The battery management device (30) according to item 1, wherein the AC resistance value is estimated from the ratio of the voltage change value and the predetermined current value.

これによれば、交流信号源を用いずに、二次電池（１０）の内部劣化の状態を推定することができる。 According to this, the state of internal deterioration of the secondary battery (10) can be estimated without using an AC signal source.

［項目９］
前記所定時間は、１０ｍｓ以下であることを特徴とする項目８に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 9]
The battery management device (30) according to item 8, wherein the predetermined time is 10 ms or less.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の内部劣化の状態を高精度に推定することができる。 According to this, the state of internal deterioration of the secondary battery (10) can be estimated with high accuracy.

［項目１０］
前記所定時間は、１ｍｓ以下であることを特徴とする項目８に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 10]
The battery management device (30) according to item 8, wherein the predetermined time is 1 ms or less.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の内部劣化の状態を高精度に推定することができる。 According to this, the state of internal deterioration of the secondary battery (10) can be estimated with high accuracy.

［項目１１］
前記所定時間は、０．５ｍｓであることを特徴とする項目８に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 11]
The battery management device (30) according to item 8, wherein the predetermined time is 0.5 ms.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の内部劣化の状態を高精度に推定することができる。 According to this, the state of internal deterioration of the secondary battery (10) can be estimated with high accuracy.

［項目１２］
前記状態管理部（３１）は、前記二次電池（１０）の充電または放電を開始させた後、負荷（２）により規定される電流値に到達するまで、前記二次電池（１０）の充電電流または放電電流を段階的に変化させ、各段階において、前記二次電池（１０）の電圧変化値を測定し、各段階の前記交流抵抗値を推定することを特徴とする項目１に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 12]
After starting charging or discharging of the secondary battery (10), the state management unit (31) charges the secondary battery (10) until the current value specified by the load (2) is reached. Item 1. The item 1 is characterized in that the current or the discharge current is changed stepwise, the voltage change value of the secondary battery (10) is measured at each step, and the AC resistance value at each step is estimated. Battery management device (30).

これによれば、充放電開始／終了時に、複数の過渡応答を測定することができる。 According to this, a plurality of transient responses can be measured at the start / end of charging / discharging.

［項目１３］
前記状態管理部（３１）は、前記各段階の前記交流抵抗値の平均値を算出することを特徴とする項目１２に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 13]
The battery management device (30) according to item 12, wherein the state management unit (31) calculates an average value of the AC resistance values in each stage.

これによれば、複数の測定値を平均化することにより、瞬時ノイズの影響を軽減することができる。 According to this, the influence of instantaneous noise can be reduced by averaging a plurality of measured values.

［項目１４］
前記動作管理部（３２）は、前記二次電池（１０）の残存使用期間が前記所定期間未満になると、前記二次電池（１０）のＳＯＣ（State Of Charge)が所定値より高い高ＳＯＣ領域における充電レートを低下させることを特徴とする項目１から１３のいずれか１項に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 14]
When the remaining usage period of the secondary battery (10) is less than the predetermined period, the operation management unit (32) has a high SOC region in which the SOC (State Of Charge) of the secondary battery (10) is higher than the predetermined value. The battery management device (30) according to any one of items 1 to 13, wherein the charging rate is lowered.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の負担を軽減させることができる。 According to this, the load on the secondary battery (10) can be reduced.

［項目１５］
前記動作管理部（３２）は、前記二次電池（１０）の残存使用期間が前記所定期間未満になると、所定温度より低い低温下における充電レートを低下させることを特徴とする項目１から１４のいずれか１項に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 15]
Item 1 to 14, wherein the operation management unit (32) lowers the charging rate at a low temperature lower than the predetermined temperature when the remaining usage period of the secondary battery (10) is less than the predetermined period. The battery management device (30) according to any one of the items.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の負担を軽減させることができる。 According to this, the load on the secondary battery (10) can be reduced.

［項目１６］
前記動作管理部（３２）は、前記二次電池（１０）の残存使用期間が前記所定期間未満になると、前記二次電池（１０）の使用ＳＯＣ範囲の上限値の低下、及び前記二次電池（１０）の使用ＳＯＣ範囲の下限値の上昇の少なくとも一方を実行することを特徴とする項目１から１５のいずれか１項に記載の電池管理装置（３０）。[Item 16]
When the remaining usage period of the secondary battery (10) is less than the predetermined period, the operation management unit (32) lowers the upper limit of the usable SOC range of the secondary battery (10) and the secondary battery. (30) The battery management device (30) according to any one of items 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one of the increase in the lower limit value of the used SOC range of (10) is executed.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の負担を軽減させることができる。 According to this, the load on the secondary battery (10) can be reduced.

［項目１７］
二次電池（１０）と、
項目１から１６のいずれか１項に記載の電池管理装置（３０）と、
を備えることを特徴とする電池システム（１）。[Item 17]
With the secondary battery (10),
The battery management device (30) according to any one of items 1 to 16 and the battery management device (30).
A battery system (1), characterized in that it comprises.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の容量の急劣化の発生を延ばす、または回避することができる。 According to this, it is possible to prolong or avoid the occurrence of sudden deterioration of the capacity of the secondary battery (10).

［項目１８］
二次電池（１０）の複数時点の交流抵抗値を測定または推定し、当該複数時点の交流抵抗値をもとに前記二次電池（１０）の交流抵抗値の推移を推定し、前記二次電池（１０）の交流抵抗値が、前記二次電池（１０）の使用終了時点に対応する抵抗閾値に到達するまでの残存使用期間を推定するステップと、
前記二次電池（１０）の残存使用期間が所定期間未満になると、前記二次電池（１０）の使用方法を負担が小さい使用方法に変更する、または前記二次電池（１０）の使用する停止するステップと、
を有することを特徴とする電池管理方法。[Item 18]
The AC resistance value at a plurality of time points of the secondary battery (10) is measured or estimated, and the transition of the AC resistance value of the secondary battery (10) is estimated based on the AC resistance value at the plurality of time points. A step of estimating the remaining usage period until the AC resistance value of the battery (10) reaches the resistance threshold corresponding to the end point of use of the secondary battery (10).
When the remaining usage period of the secondary battery (10) becomes less than a predetermined period, the usage method of the secondary battery (10) is changed to a usage method with a lighter burden, or the use of the secondary battery (10) is stopped. Steps to do and
A battery management method characterized by having.

これによれば、二次電池（１０）の容量の急劣化の発生を延ばす、または回避することができる。 According to this, it is possible to prolong or avoid the occurrence of sudden deterioration of the capacity of the secondary battery (10).

１ 電池システム
２ 負荷
３ 電力系統
１０ 二次電池
２０ インバータ回路
３０ 電池管理装置
３１ 状態管理部
３２ 動作管理部
４１ 電圧センサ
４２ 電流センサ
５０ 発振器
６０ バンドパスフィルタ
６１ ローパスフィルタ1 Battery system 2 Load 3 Power system 10 Secondary battery 20 Inverter circuit 30 Battery management device 31 Status management unit 32 Operation management unit 41 Voltage sensor 42 Current sensor 50 Oscillator 60 Bandpass filter 61 Lowpass filter

Claims (18)

二次電池の複数時点の交流抵抗値を測定または推定し、当該複数時点の交流抵抗値をもとに前記二次電池の交流抵抗値の増加速度の傾きを推定して前記二次電池のＳＯＨ(State Of Health)に基づく前記二次電池の急劣化点を推定し、前記二次電池の交流抵抗値が、前記二次電池の急劣化点に対応する抵抗閾値に到達するまでの残存使用期間を推定する状態管理部と、
前記二次電池の残存使用期間が所定期間未満になると、前記二次電池の使用方法を負担が小さい使用方法に変更する動作管理部と、
を備えることを特徴とする電池管理装置。 The AC resistance value at multiple time points of the secondary battery is measured or estimated, and the slope of the increase rate of the AC resistance value of the secondary battery is estimated based on the AC resistance value at the multiple time points, and the SOH of the secondary battery is estimated. The remaining use period until the AC resistance value of the secondary battery reaches the resistance threshold corresponding to the sudden deterioration point of the secondary battery by estimating the sudden deterioration point of the secondary battery based on (State Of Health). And the state management department that estimates
When the remaining usage period of the secondary battery is less than the predetermined period, the operation management unit that changes the usage method of the secondary battery to a usage method with a light burden, and
A battery management device characterized by being equipped with. 前記状態管理部は、所定周波数の交流電流を前記二次電池に流して前記二次電池の交流電圧を測定し、前記交流電圧と前記交流電流との複素振幅比を算出して前記交流抵抗値を測定することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電池管理装置。 The state management unit flows an alternating current of a predetermined frequency through the secondary battery, measures the alternating current voltage of the secondary battery, calculates a complex amplitude ratio between the alternating current voltage and the alternating current, and calculates the alternating current resistance value. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the battery management device is characterized in that. 前記状態管理部は、所定周波数の交流電圧を前記二次電池に印加して前記二次電池の交流電流を測定し、前記交流電圧と前記交流電流との複素振幅比を算出して前記交流抵抗値を測定することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電池管理装置。 The state management unit applies an AC voltage of a predetermined frequency to the secondary battery, measures the AC current of the secondary battery, calculates a complex amplitude ratio between the AC voltage and the AC current, and calculates the AC resistance. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the value is measured. 前記所定周波数は、１００Ｈｚ～１０ｋＨｚの範囲内の値であることを特徴とする請求項２または３に記載の電池管理装置。 The battery management device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the predetermined frequency is a value in the range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz. 前記所定周波数は、１ｋＨｚであることを特徴とする請求項２または３に記載の電池管理装置。 The battery management device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the predetermined frequency is 1 kHz. 前記所定周波数付近に透過ピークを有するバンドパスフィルタをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項２から５のいずれか１項に記載の電池管理装置。 The battery management device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising a bandpass filter having a transmission peak in the vicinity of the predetermined frequency. 前記状態管理部は、前記二次電池の充電電流または放電電流に、正弦波電流または矩形パルス電流を重畳させ、重畳した電流の振幅と、測定された交流電圧の振幅との比率を算出して前記交流抵抗値を測定することを特徴とする請求項１から６のいずれか１項に記載の電池管理装置。 The state management unit superimposes a sinusoidal current or a rectangular pulse current on the charge current or discharge current of the secondary battery, and calculates the ratio of the amplitude of the superimposed current to the measured AC voltage amplitude. The battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the AC resistance value is measured. 前記状態管理部は、所定電流値で前記二次電池の充電または放電を開始させ、開始時から所定時間における前記二次電池の電圧変化値を測定し、前記電圧変化値と前記所定電流値との比率から前記交流抵抗値を推定することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電池管理装置。 The state management unit starts charging or discharging the secondary battery at a predetermined current value, measures the voltage change value of the secondary battery in a predetermined time from the start, and sets the voltage change value and the predetermined current value. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the AC resistance value is estimated from the ratio of the above. 前記所定時間は、１０ｍｓ以下であることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の電池管理装置。 The battery management device according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined time is 10 ms or less. 前記所定時間は、１ｍｓ以下であることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の電池管理装置。 The battery management device according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined time is 1 ms or less. 前記所定時間は、０．５ｍｓであることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の電池管理装置。 The battery management device according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined time is 0.5 ms. 前記状態管理部は、前記二次電池の充電または放電を開始させた後、負荷により規定される電流値に到達するまで、前記二次電池の充電電流または放電電流を段階的に変化させ、各段階において、前記二次電池の電圧変化値を測定し、各段階の前記交流抵抗値を推定することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電池管理装置。 After starting the charging or discharging of the secondary battery, the state management unit changes the charging current or the discharging current of the secondary battery stepwise until the current value specified by the load is reached. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein in each stage, the voltage change value of the secondary battery is measured and the AC resistance value of each stage is estimated. 前記状態管理部は、前記各段階の前記交流抵抗値の平均値を算出することを特徴とする請求項１２に記載の電池管理装置。 The battery management device according to claim 12, wherein the state management unit calculates an average value of the AC resistance values in each stage. 前記動作管理部は、前記二次電池の残存使用期間が前記所定期間未満になると、前記二次電池のＳＯＣ（State Of Charge)が所定値より高い高ＳＯＣ領域における充電レートを低下させることを特徴とする請求項１から１３のいずれかに記載の電池管理装置。 The operation management unit is characterized in that when the remaining usage period of the secondary battery is less than the predetermined period, the charge rate in a high SOC region where the SOC (State Of Charge) of the secondary battery is higher than the predetermined value is lowered. The battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 13. 前記動作管理部は、前記二次電池の残存使用期間が前記所定期間未満になると、所定温度より低い低温下における充電レートを低下させることを特徴とする請求項１から１４のいずれかに記載の電池管理装置。 The operation management unit according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein when the remaining usage period of the secondary battery is less than the predetermined period, the charging rate at a low temperature lower than the predetermined temperature is lowered. Battery management device. 前記動作管理部は、前記二次電池の残存使用期間が前記所定期間未満になると、前記二次電池の使用ＳＯＣ範囲の上限値の低下、及び前記二次電池の使用ＳＯＣ範囲の下限値の上昇の少なくとも一方を実行することを特徴とする請求項１から１５のいずれか１項に記載の電池管理装置。 When the remaining usage period of the secondary battery becomes less than the predetermined period, the operation management unit lowers the upper limit value of the used SOC range of the secondary battery and raises the lower limit value of the used SOC range of the secondary battery. The battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one of the above is executed. 二次電池と、
請求項１から１６のいずれか１項に記載の電池管理装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする電池システム。 With a secondary battery,
The battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 16.
A battery system characterized by being equipped with. 二次電池の複数時点の交流抵抗値を測定または推定し、当該複数時点の交流抵抗値をもとに前記二次電池の交流抵抗値の増加速度の傾きを推定して前記二次電池のＳＯＨ(State Of Health)に基づく前記二次電池の急劣化点を推定し、前記二次電池の交流抵抗値が、前記二次電池の急劣化点に対応する抵抗閾値に到達するまでの残存使用期間を推定するステップと、
前記二次電池の残存使用期間が所定期間未満になると、前記二次電池の使用方法を負担が小さい使用方法に変更するステップと、
を有することを特徴とする電池管理方法。 The AC resistance value at multiple time points of the secondary battery is measured or estimated, and the slope of the increase rate of the AC resistance value of the secondary battery is estimated based on the AC resistance value at the multiple time points, and the SOH of the secondary battery is estimated. The remaining use period until the AC resistance value of the secondary battery reaches the resistance threshold corresponding to the sudden deterioration point of the secondary battery by estimating the sudden deterioration point of the secondary battery based on (State Of Health). And the steps to estimate
When the remaining usage period of the secondary battery is less than the predetermined period, the step of changing the usage method of the secondary battery to a usage method with a smaller burden, and
A battery management method characterized by having.
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