JP7063910B2 - 少なくとも1個の対象物の光学的な検出のための検出器 - Google Patents
少なくとも1個の対象物の光学的な検出のための検出器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7063910B2 JP7063910B2 JP2019543039A JP2019543039A JP7063910B2 JP 7063910 B2 JP7063910 B2 JP 7063910B2 JP 2019543039 A JP2019543039 A JP 2019543039A JP 2019543039 A JP2019543039 A JP 2019543039A JP 7063910 B2 JP7063910 B2 JP 7063910B2
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- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/16—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
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Description
- 少なくとも1つの光学センサであって、光学センサは、少なくとも1つのセンサ領域を有しており、光学センサは、変調された入射光ビームによるセンサ領域の照射に依存するように、少なくとも1つのセンサ信号を発生させるように設計されており、センサ信号は、光ビームの変調周波数に依存しており、センサ領域は、少なくとも1つの容量性デバイスを含み、容量性デバイスは、少なくとも2つの電極を含み、少なくとも1つの絶縁層および少なくとも1つの感光性層が、電極同士の間に埋め込まれており、電極のうちの少なくとも1つは、光ビームに対して少なくとも部分的に光学的に透明になっている、少なくとも1つの光学センサと、
- 少なくとも1つの評価デバイスであって、評価デバイスは、センサ信号を評価することによって、対象物の位置に関する少なくとも1つの情報項目を発生させるように設計されている、少なくとも1つの評価デバイスと
を含む。
- 少なくとも1つの縦方向光学センサであって、縦方向光学センサは、少なくとも1つのセンサ領域を有しており、縦方向光学センサは、変調された入射光ビームによるセンサ領域の照射に依存するように、少なくとも1つの縦方向センサ信号を発生させるように設計されており、縦方向センサ信号は、照射の合計パワーが同じであることを所与として、センサ領域の中の光ビームのビーム断面、および、光ビームの変調周波数に依存しており、センサ領域は、少なくとも1つの容量性デバイスを含み、容量性デバイスは、少なくとも2つの電極を含み、少なくとも1つの絶縁層および少なくとも1つの感光性層が、電極同士の間に埋め込まれており、電極のうちの少なくとも1つは、光ビームに対して少なくとも部分的に光学的に透明になっている、少なくとも1つの縦方向光学センサと、
- 少なくとも1つの評価デバイスであって、評価デバイスは、縦方向センサ信号を評価することによって、対象物の縦方向位置に関する少なくとも1つの情報項目を発生させるように設計されている、少なくとも1つの評価デバイスと
を含む。
- 少なくとも1つの光伝導性材料を含む少なくとも1つの層であって、光伝導性材料は、ナノ粒子状の形態で提供される、少なくとも1つの層;
- 少なくとも2つの個々の光伝導性層であって、少なくとも2つの個々の光伝導性層は、少なくとも1つの光伝導性材料を含み、隣接する層のスタックとして提供されており、光伝導性層は、隣接する層の間の境界において接合部を発生させるように適合されている、少なくとも2つの個々の光伝導性層;
- 少なくとも1つの半導体吸収体層、好ましくは、アモルファスシリコン、とりわけ、水素化アモルファスシリコン(a-Si:H)を含む層;および、
- 少なくとも1つの有機感光性層であって、少なくとも1つの有機感光性層は、少なくとも1つのドナー材料および少なくとも1つのアクセプター材料を含み、有機感光性層の中のドナー材料およびアクセプター材料は、好ましくは、ドナー材料およびアクセプター材料を含む単一の層として配置され得、または、代替的に、ドナー材料およびアクセプター材料のうちの1つをそれぞれ含む少なくとも2つの個々の層の形態で配置され得る、少なくとも1つの有機感光性層
のうちの1つまたは複数の形態で提供され得る。
- ポリ[3-ヘキシルチオフェン-2,5.ジイル](P3HT)、
- ポリ[3-(4-n-オクチル)-フェニルチオフェン](POPT)、
- ポリ[3-10-n-オクチル-3-フェノチアジン-ビニレンチオフェン-コ-2,5-チオフェン](PTZV-PT)、ポリ[4,8-ビス[(2-エチルヘキシル)オキシ]ベンゾ[1,2-b:4,5-b’]ジチオフェン-2,6-ジイル][3-フルオロ-2-[(2-エチルヘキシル)カルボニル]チエノ[3,4-b]チオフェンジイル](PTB7)、
- ポリ[チオフェン-2,5-ジイル-オルト-[5,6-ビス(ドデシルオキシ)ベンゾ[c][1,2,5]チアジアゾール]-4,7-ジイル](PBT-T1)、
- ポリ[2,6-(4,4-ビス-(2-エチルヘキシル)-4H-シクロペンタ[2,1-b;3,4-b’]ジチオフェン)-オルト-4,7(2,1,3-ベンゾチアジアゾール)](PCPDTBT)、
- ポリ[5,7-ビス(4-デカニル-2-チエニル)-チエノ(3,4-b)ジアチアゾールチオフェン-2,5](PDDTT)、
- ポリ[N-9’-ヘプタデカニル-2,7-カルバゾール-オルト-5,5-(4’,7’-ジ-2-チエニル-2’,1’,3’-ベンゾチアジアゾール)](PCDTBT)、または、
- ポリ[(4,4’-ビス(2-エチルヘキシル)ジチエノ[3,2-b;2’,3’-d]シロール)-2,6-ジイル-オルト-(2,1,3-ベンゾチアジアゾール)-4,7-ジイル](PSBTBT)、
- ポリ[3-フェニルヒドラゾンチオフェン](PPHT)、
- ポリ[2-メトキシ-5-(2-エチルヘキシルオキシ)-1,4-フェニレンビニレン](MEH-PPV)、
- ポリ[2-メトキシ-5-(2’-エチルヘキシルオキシ)-1,4-フェニレン-1,2-エテニレン-2,5-ジメトキシ-1,4-フェニレン-1,2-エテニレン](M3EH-PPV)、
- ポリ[2-メトキシ-5-(3’,7’-ジメチルオクチルオキシ)-1,4-フェニレンビニレン](MDMO-PPV)、
- ポリ[9,9-ジ-オクチルフルオレン-コ-ビス-N,N-4-ブチルフェニル-ビス-N,N-フェニル-1,4-フェニレンジアミン](PFB)、
または、それらの誘導体、修飾体、もしくは混合物、
のうちの1つまたは複数から選択され得る。
- [6,6]-フェニル-C61-酪酸メチルエステル(PC60BM)、
- [6,6]-フェニル-C71-酪酸メチルエステル(PC70BM)、
- [6,6]-フェニル-C84-酪酸メチルエステル(PC84BM)、または、
- インデン-C60ビス付加体(ICBA)、
のうちの1つまたは複数を含むだけでなく、また、1つまたは2つのC60またはC70成分を含む二量体、とりわけ、
- 1つの付着オリゴエーテル(OE)鎖(C70-DPM-OE)を含むジフェニルメタノフラーレン(DPM)成分、もしくは、
- 2つの付着オリゴエーテル(OE)鎖(C70-DPM-OE2)を含むジフェニルメタノフラーレン(DPM)成分、
または、それらの誘導体、修飾体、もしくは混合物
のうちの1つまたは複数である。しかし、TCNQまたはペリレン誘導体も適切であり得る。
- シアノ-ポリ[フェニレンビニレン](CN-PPV)、例えば、C6-CN-PPVまたはC8-CN-PPVなど、
- ポリ[5-(2-(エチルヘキシルオキシ)-2-メトキシシアノテレフタルイリデン](MEH-CN-PPV)、
- ポリ[オキサ-1,4-フェニレン-1,2-(1-シアノ)-エチレン-2,5-ジオクチルオキシ-1,4-フェニレン-1,2-(2-シアノ)-エチレン-1,4-フェニレン](CN-ether-PPV)、
- ポリ[1,4-ジオクチルオキシ-p-2,5-ジシアノフェニレンビニレン](DOCN-PPV)、
- ポリ[9,9’-ジオクチルフルオレン-コ-ベンゾチアジアゾール](PF8BT)、
または、それらの誘導体、修飾体、もしくは混合物、のうちの1つまたは複数から選択され得る。しかし、他の種類のアクセプターポリマーも適用可能であり得る。
- 遷移金属酸化物、とりわけ、酸化モリブデン(MoO3)または酸化ニッケル(NiO2)、
- ポリ-3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン(PEDOT)、好ましくは、少なくとも1つの対イオンによって電気的にドープされたPEDOT、より好ましくは、ナトリウムポリスチレンスルホネートによってドープされたPEDOT(PEDOT:PSS)、
- ポリアニリン(PANI)、および、
- ポリチオフェン(PT)
からなる群から選択され得る。
- 少なくとも1つの横方向光学センサであって、横方向光学センサは、少なくとも1つのセンサ領域を有しており、センサ領域は、少なくとも1つの容量性デバイスを含み、容量性デバイスは、少なくとも2つの電極を含み、少なくとも1つの絶縁層および少なくとも1つの感光性層が、電極同士の間に埋め込まれており、電極のうちの少なくとも1つは、光ビームに対して少なくとも部分的に光学的に透明になっており、電極のうちの1つは、入射光ビームがセンサ領域に衝突した位置を決定するように指定された低い電気伝導性を有する電極層であり、横方向光学センサは、入射光ビームがセンサ領域に衝突した位置および光ビームの変調周波数に依存する少なくとも1つの横方向センサ信号を発生させるように設計されている、少なくとも1つの横方向光学センサと、
- 少なくとも1つの評価デバイスであって、評価デバイスは、横方向センサ信号を評価することによって、対象物の横方向位置に関する少なくとも1つの情報を発生させるように設計されている、少なくとも1つの評価デバイスと
を含む。
- センサ領域を有する少なくとも1つの光学センサを使用することによって、少なくとも1つのセンサ信号を発生させる工程であって、センサ信号は、変調された入射光ビームによる光学センサのセンサ領域の照射に依存しており、センサ信号は、光ビームの変調周波数にさらに依存しており、センサ領域は、少なくとも1つの容量性デバイスを含み、容量性デバイスは、少なくとも2つの電極を含み、少なくとも1つの絶縁層および少なくとも1つの感光性層が、電極の間に埋め込まれており、電極のうちの少なくとも1つは、光ビームに対して少なくとも部分的に光学的に透明になっている、工程と、
- センサ信号からの対象物の位置に関する情報を決定することによって、光学センサのセンサ信号を評価する工程と
を含む。
- 少なくとも1つの光学センサであって、光学センサは、少なくとも1つのセンサ領域を有しており、光学センサは、変調された入射光ビームによるセンサ領域の照射に依存するように、少なくとも1つのセンサ信号を発生させるように設計されており、縦方向センサ信号は、光ビームの変調周波数に依存しており、センサ領域は、少なくとも1つの容量性デバイスを含み、容量性デバイスは、少なくとも2つの電極を含み、少なくとも1つの絶縁層および少なくとも1つの感光性層が、電極同士の間に埋め込まれており、電極のうちの少なくとも1つは、光ビームに対して少なくとも部分的に光学的に透明になっている、少なくとも1つの光学センサと、
- 少なくとも1つの評価デバイスであって、評価デバイスは、センサ信号を評価することによって、対象物の位置に関する少なくとも1つの情報項目を発生させるように設計されている、少なくとも1つの評価デバイスと
を含む。
- 少なくとも1つの縦方向光学センサであって、縦方向光学センサは、少なくとも1つの縦方向センサ信号を発生させるように設計されており、縦方向センサ信号は、照射の合計パワーが同じであることを所与として、センサ領域の中の光ビームのビーム断面にさらに依存しており、評価デバイスは、縦方向センサ信号を評価することによって、対象物の縦方向位置に関する少なくとも1つの情報項目を発生させるように設計されている、少なくとも1つの縦方向光学センサ、または、
- 少なくとも1つの横方向光学センサであって、電極のうちの1つは、入射光ビームがセンサ領域に衝突した位置を決定するように指定された低い電気伝導性を有する電極層であり、横方向光学センサは、入射光ビームがセンサ領域に衝突した位置に依存する少なくとも1つの横方向センサ信号を発生させるように設計されており、評価デバイスは、横方向センサ信号を評価することによって、対象物の横方向位置に関する少なくとも1つの情報項目を発生させるように設計されている、少なくとも1つの横方向光学センサ
から選択される、実施形態1に記載の検出器。
- ナノ粒子状の形態の少なくとも1つの光伝導性材料を含む少なくとも1つの層;
- 少なくとも2つの個々の光伝導性層であって、少なくとも2つの個々の光伝導性層は、少なくとも1つの光伝導性材料を含み、少なくとも1つの境界を有する隣接する層として提供されており、光伝導性層は、隣接する層の間の境界において接合部を発生させるように適合されている、少なくとも2つの個々の光伝導性層;
- 少なくとも1つの半導体吸収体層;および、
- 少なくとも1つの電子ドナー材料および少なくとも1つの電子アクセプター材料を含む、少なくとも1つの有機感光性層
のうちの1つまたは複数として提供されている、実施形態1から11のいずれか1つに記載の検出器。
- 少なくとも1つの光学センサを使用することによって、少なくとも1つのセンサ信号を発生させる工程であって、センサ信号は、変調された入射光ビームによる光学センサのセンサ領域の照射に依存しており、センサ信号は、光ビームの変調周波数にさらに依存しており、センサ領域は、少なくとも1つの容量性デバイスを含み、容量性デバイスは、少なくとも2つの電極を含み、少なくとも1つの絶縁層および少なくとも1つの感光性層が、電極の間に埋め込まれており、電極のうちの少なくとも1つは、光ビームに対して少なくとも部分的に光学的に透明になっている、工程と、
- センサ信号からの対象物の位置に関する情報項目を決定することによって、光学センサのセンサ信号を評価する工程と
を含む、方法。
z0=f(i1+i2+i3+i4)
- 上に説明されるような、インジウムがドープされた酸化スズ(ITO)の第1の電極166としての層;
- 好ましくは、ALDによって提供され、とりわけ、おおよそ200℃で処理され、およそ70nmの好適な厚さを有する、上に説明されるような、絶縁層178としてのAl2O3層;
- n型ドーパントによって処理され、とりわけ、10%NDN-26によって処理され、おおよそ140℃で処理され、好ましくは、およそ15nmの厚さを有する、n型ドープされたアクセプター層242としてのn-C60層、すなわち、n型ドープされたバックミンスターフラーレン層;
- おおよそ400℃で処理され、好ましくは、およそ10nmの厚さを有する、電子抽出層238としてのC60層、すなわち、ドープされていないバックミンスターフラーレン層;
- おおよそ335℃で処理され、110℃の温度を有する基板の上に堆積され、好ましくは、およそ70nmの厚さを示し、バルクヘテロ接合部を示す単一の層の中にドナー材料層234およびアクセプター材料層236を統合する、単一の感光性層180としてのF4ZnPc:C60層、すなわち、フッ素化された亜鉛フタロシアニン誘導体(F4ZnPc)およびバックミンスターフラーレンの1:1ブレンドを含む層;
- 好ましくは、およそ10nmの厚さを有する正孔抽出層240としての、ドープされていない9,9-ビス[4-(N,N-ビス-ビフェニル-4-イル-アミノ)フェニル]-9H-フルオレン(BPAPF)の層;
- p型ドーパント、とりわけ、NDP-9によって処理され、おおよそ140℃で処理され、好ましくは、およそ30~40nmの厚さを有する、p型ドープされた抽出層244としてのp-BPAPF、すなわち、p型ドープされたBPAPF;および、
- 好ましくは、およそ1~2nmの厚さを有する、追加的なp型ドーパント層246としてのNDP-9層;および、
- 上に説明されるような、第2の電極174としての銀(Ag)層
が、それぞれの層をそれぞれ形成している。
112 対象物
114 縦方向光学センサ
116 光学軸
118 ハウジング
120 伝送デバイス
122 屈折レンズ
124 開口部
126 視線の方向
128 座標系
130 センサ領域
132 変調された光ビーム
134 容量性デバイス
136 照射源
138 人工的な照射源
140 発光ダイオード
142 変調された照射源
144 変調デバイス
146 第1のビーム経路
148 第2のビーム経路
150 評価デバイス
152 縦方向評価ユニット
154 信号リード線
156 コンピュータ
158 データ処理デバイス
160 横方向光学センサ
162 横方向評価ユニット
164 位置情報
166 第1の電極
168 透明導電性酸化物
170 光学的に透明な基板
172 ガラス基板
174 第2の電極
176 金属電極
178 絶縁層
180 感光性層
182 電荷キャリア輸送層または電荷キャリア抽出層
184 焦点の合った状態
186 焦点の合っていない状態
188、188’ 個々の光伝導性層
190 接合部
192 金属-絶縁体-半導体デバイス
194 太陽電池(基準デバイス)
196 半導体吸収体層
198 有機感光性層
200 検出器システム
202 カメラ
204 ヒューマンマシンインターフェース
206 エンターテイメントデバイス
208 トラッキングシステム
210 イメージングデバイス
212 制御エレメント
214 ユーザ
216 ビーコンデバイス
218 マシン
220 トラックコントローラ
222 電極層
224 スプリット電極
226 測定ポイント位置
228 実際の位置
230 中心
232 縁部
234 ドナー材料層
236 アクセプター材料層
238 電子抽出層
240 正孔抽出層
242 n型ドープされたアクセプター層
244 p型ドープされた正孔抽出層
246 p型ドーパント層
Claims (20)
- 少なくとも1個の対象物(112)を光学的に検出するための検出器(110)であって、
- 少なくとも1つの光学センサであって、前記光学センサは、少なくとも1つのセンサ領域(130)を有しており、前記光学センサは、変調された入射光ビーム(132)による前記センサ領域(130)の照射に依存するように、少なくとも1つのセンサ信号を発生させるように設計されており、前記センサ信号は、前記光ビーム(132)の変調周波数に依存しており、前記センサ領域(130)は、少なくとも1つの容量性デバイス(134)を含み、前記容量性デバイス(134)は、少なくとも2つの電極(166、174)を含み、少なくとも1つの絶縁層(178)および少なくとも1つの感光性層(180)が、前記電極(166、174)同士の間に埋め込まれており、前記電極(166、174)のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記光ビーム(132)に対して少なくとも部分的に光学的に透明になっている、少なくとも1つの光学センサと、
- 少なくとも1つの評価デバイス(150)であって、前記評価デバイス(150)は、前記センサ信号を評価することによって、前記対象物(112)の位置に関する少なくとも1つの情報を発生させるように設計されている、少なくとも1つの評価デバイス(150)と
を含む、検出器(110)。 - 前記光学センサは、
- 少なくとも1つの縦方向光学センサ(114)であって、前記縦方向光学センサ(114)は、少なくとも1つの縦方向センサ信号を発生させるように設計されており、前記縦方向センサ信号は、照射の合計パワーが同じであることを所与として、前記センサ領域(130)の中の前記光ビーム(132)のビーム断面にさらに依存しており、前記評価デバイス(150)は、前記縦方向センサ信号を評価することによって、前記対象物(112)の縦方向位置に関する少なくとも1つの情報項目を発生させるように設計されている、少なくとも1つの縦方向光学センサ(114)、または、
- 少なくとも1つの横方向光学センサ(160)であって、前記電極(166、174)のうちの1つは、前記入射光ビーム(132)が前記センサ領域(130)に衝突した位置を決定するように指定された低い電気伝導性を有する電極層(222)であり、前記横方向光学センサ(160)は、前記入射光ビーム(132)が前記センサ領域(130)に衝突した前記位置に依存する少なくとも1つの横方向センサ信号を発生させるように設計されており、前記評価デバイス(150)は、前記横方向センサ信号を評価することによって、前記対象物(112)の横方向位置に関する少なくとも1つの情報項目を発生させるように設計されている、少なくとも1つの横方向光学センサ(160)
から選択される、請求項1に記載の検出器(110)。 - 前記絶縁層(178)は、絶縁性材料または電気絶縁性構成要素を含む、請求項1または2に記載の検出器(110)。
- 前記絶縁性材料は、少なくとも1つの透明な絶縁性の金属含有化合物を含み、前記金属含有化合物は、Al、Ti、Ta、Mn、Mo、Zr、Hf、La、Y、およびWからなる群から選択される金属を含み、前記少なくとも1つの金属含有化合物は、酸化物、水酸化物、カルコゲニド、プニクチド、炭化物、または、それらの組合せを含む群から選択される、請求項3に記載の検出器(110)。
- 前記絶縁性材料は、原子層堆積によって取得可能である、請求項4に記載の検出器(110)。
- 前記感光性層(180)は、
- ナノ粒子状の形態の少なくとも1つの光伝導性材料を含む少なくとも1つの層;
- 少なくとも2つの個々の光伝導性層(188、188’)であって、前記少なくとも2つの個々の光伝導性層(188、188’)は、少なくとも1つの光伝導性材料を含み、少なくとも1つの境界を有する隣接する層として提供されており、前記光伝導性層は、前記隣接する層の間の前記境界において接合部(190)を発生させるように適合されている、少なくとも2つの個々の光伝導性層(188、188’);
- 少なくとも1つの半導体吸収体層(196);および、
- 少なくとも1つの電子ドナー材料および少なくとも1つの電子アクセプター材料を含む、少なくとも1つの有機感光性層(198)
のうちの1つまたは複数として提供されている、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の検出器(110)。 - 前記ナノ粒子状の形態の前記光伝導性材料及び前記光伝導性層(188、188’)に含まれる前記光伝導性材料は、何れも、第IV族元素、第IV族化合物、III-V化合物、第II-VI族化合物、およびカルコゲニドからなる群から選択される無機の光伝導性材料である、請求項6に記載の検出器(110)。
- 前記半導体吸収体層(196)は、結晶性シリコン(c-Si)、微結晶性シリコン(μc-Si)、水素化微結晶性シリコン(μc-Si:H)、アモルファスシリコン(a-Si)、水素化アモルファスシリコン(a-Si:H)、アモルファスシリコン炭素合金(a-SiC)、水素化アモルファスシリコン炭素合金(a-SiC:H)、ゲルマニウムシリコン合金(a-GeSi)、または水素化アモルファスゲルマニウムシリコン合金(a-GeSi:H)のうちの1つまたは複数を含む、請求項6に記載の検出器(110)。
- 前記有機感光性層(198)は、前記電子ドナー材料を含む個々のドナー材料層(234)と、前記電子アクセプター材料を含む個々のアクセプター材料層(236)とを含み、または、前記有機感光性層(198)の中の前記電子ドナー材料および前記電子アクセプター材料は、前記電子ドナー材料および前記電子アクセプター材料を含む単一の層として配置されている、請求項6に記載の検出器(110)。
- 前記電子ドナー材料は、フタロシアニン誘導体、オリゴチオフェン、オリゴチオフェン誘導体、4,4-ジフルオロ-4-ボラ-3a,4a-ジアザ-s-インダセン(BODIPY)誘導体、アザ-BODIPY誘導体、スクアライン誘導体、ジケトピロロピロール誘導体、またはベンゾジチオフェン誘導体を含む小さい有機分子から選択され、前記アクセプター材料は、C60、C70、またはペリレン誘導体から選択される、請求項9に記載の検出器(110)。
- 前記電子ドナー材料は、有機ドナーポリマーを含み、前記電子アクセプター材料は、フラーレンベースの電子アクセプター材料を含み、前記有機ドナーポリマーは、
- ポリ[3-ヘキシルチオフェン-2,5.ジイル](P3HT)、
- ポリ[3-(4-n-オクチル)-フェニルチオフェン](POPT)、
- ポリ[3-10-n-オクチル-3-フェノチアジン-ビニレンチオフェン-コ-2,5-チオフェン](PTZV-PT)、ポリ[4,8-ビス[(2-エチルヘキシル)オキシ]ベンゾ[1,2-b:4,5-b’]ジチオフェン-2,6-ジイル][3-フルオロ-2-[(2-エチルヘキシル)カルボニル]チエノ[3,4-b]チオフェンジイル](PTB7)、
- ポリ[チオフェン-2,5-ジイル-オルト-[5,6-ビス(ドデシルオキシ)ベンゾ[c][1,2,5]チアジアゾール]-4,7-ジイル](PBT-T1)、
- ポリ[2,6-(4,4-ビス-(2-エチルヘキシル)-4H-シクロペンタ[2,1-b;3,4-b’]ジチオフェン)-オルト-4,7(2,1,3-ベンゾチアジアゾール)](PCPDTBT)、
- ポリ[5,7-ビス(4-デカニル-2-チエニル)-チエノ(3,4-b)ジアチアゾールチオフェン-2,5](PDDTT)、
- ポリ[N-9’-ヘプタデカニル-2,7-カルバゾール-オルト-5,5-(4’,7’-ジ-2-チエニル-2’,1’,3’-ベンゾチアジアゾール)](PCDTBT)、または、
- ポリ[(4,4’-ビス(2-エチルヘキシル)ジチエノ[3,2-b;2’,3’-d]シロール)-2,6-ジイル-オルト-(2,1,3-ベンゾチアジアゾール)-4,7-ジイル](PSBTBT)、
- ポリ[3-フェニルヒドラゾンチオフェン](PPHT)、
- ポリ[2-メトキシ-5-(2-エチルヘキシルオキシ)-1,4-フェニレンビニレン](MEH-PPV)、
- ポリ[2-メトキシ-5-(2’-エチルヘキシルオキシ)-1,4-フェニレン-1,2-エテニレン-2,5-ジメトキシ-1,4-フェニレン-1,2-エテニレン](M3EH-PPV)、
- ポリ[2-メトキシ-5-(3’,7’-ジメチルオクチルオキシ)-1,4-フェニレンビニレン](MDMO-PPV)、
- ポリ[9,9-ジ-オクチルフルオレン-コ-ビス-N,N-4-ブチルフェニル-ビス-N,N-フェニル-1,4-フェニレンジアミン](PFB)、
または、それらの誘導体、修飾体、もしくは混合物
のうちの1つまたは複数から選択され、
前記フラーレンベースの電子アクセプター材料は、
- [6,6]-フェニル-C61-酪酸メチルエステル(PC60BM)、
- [6,6]-フェニル-C71-酪酸メチルエステル(PC70BM)、
- [6,6]-フェニル-C84-酪酸メチルエステル(PC84BM)、
- インデン-C60ビス付加体(ICBA)、
または、それらの誘導体、修飾体、もしくは混合物
のうちの1つまたは複数から選択される、請求項6に記載の検出器(110)。 - 前記容量性デバイス(134)は、少なくとも1つの電荷キャリア輸送層(182)をさらに含み、前記電荷キャリア輸送層(182)は、前記感光性層(180)と前記電極(166、174)のうちの1つとの間に位置している、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の検出器(110)。
- 前記検出器は、照射を変調させるための少なくとも1つの変調デバイス(144)をさらに含む、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の検出器(110)。
- ユーザ(214)とマシン(218)との間で少なくとも1つの情報項目を交換するためのヒューマンマシンインターフェース(204)であって、前記ヒューマンマシンインターフェース(204)は、検出器(110)に関する請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1つの検出器(110)を含み、前記ヒューマンマシンインターフェース(204)は、前記検出器(110)によって、ユーザの身体の位置;ユーザの少なくとも1つの身体部分の位置;ユーザの身体の配向;ユーザの少なくとも1つの身体部分の配向からなる群から選択される前記ユーザ(214)の少なくとも1つの幾何学的情報を発生させるように設計されており、前記ヒューマンマシンインターフェース(204)は、少なくとも1つの情報項目を前記幾何学的情報に割り当てるように設計されている、ヒューマンマシンインターフェース(204)。
- 少なくとも1つのエンターテイメント機能を実施するためのエンターテイメントデバイス(206)であって、前記エンターテイメントデバイス(206)は、請求項14に記載の少なくとも1つのヒューマンマシンインターフェース(204)を含み、前記エンターテイメントデバイス(206)は、前記ヒューマンマシンインターフェース(204)によって、少なくとも1つの情報項目がプレイヤによって入力されることを可能にするように設計されており、前記エンターテイメントデバイス(206)は、前記情報にしたがって前記エンターテイメント機能を変更させるように設計されている、エンターテイメントデバイス(206)。
- 少なくとも1個の移動可能な対象物(112)の位置をトラッキングするためのトラッキングシステム(208)であって、前記トラッキングシステム(208)は、検出器(110)を参照する請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1つの検出器(110)を含み、前記トラッキングシステム(208)は、少なくとも1つのトラックコントローラ(220)をさらに含み、前記トラックコントローラ(220)は、前記対象物(112)の一連の位置をトラッキングするように適合されており、それぞれの位置は、特定の時点における前記対象物(112)の少なくとも1つの位置に関する少なくとも1つの情報項目を含む、トラッキングシステム(208)。
- 少なくとも1個の対象物(112)の少なくとも1つの位置を決定するためのスキャニングシステムであって、前記スキャニングシステムは、検出器(110)に関する請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1つの検出器(110)を含み、前記スキャニングシステムは、少なくとも1つの照射源(136)をさらに含み、前記少なくとも1つの照射源(136)は、前記少なくとも1個の対象物(112)の少なくとも1つの表面に位置する少なくとも1つのドットの照射のために構成された少なくとも1つの光ビーム(132)を放出するように適合されており、前記スキャニングシステムは、前記少なくとも1つの検出器(110)を使用することによって、前記少なくとも1つのドットと前記スキャニングシステムとの間の距離についての少なくとも1つの情報項目を発生させるように設計されている、スキャニングシステム。
- 少なくとも1個の対象物(112)をイメージングするためのカメラ(202)であって、前記カメラ(202)は、検出器(110)を参照する請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1つの検出器(110)を含む、カメラ(202)。
- 少なくとも1個の対象物(112)の光学的な検出のための方法であって、前記方法は、
- センサ領域(130)を有する少なくとも1つの光学センサを使用することによって、少なくとも1つのセンサ信号を発生させる工程であって、前記センサ信号は、変調された入射光ビーム(132)による前記光学センサの前記センサ領域(130)の照射に依存しており、前記センサ信号は、前記光ビーム(132)の変調周波数にさらに依存しており、前記センサ領域(130)は、少なくとも1つの容量性デバイス(134)を含み、前記容量性デバイス(134)は、少なくとも2つの電極(166、174)を含み、少なくとも1つの絶縁層(178)および少なくとも1つの感光性層(180)が、前記電極(166、174)の間に埋め込まれており、前記電極(166、174)のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記光ビーム(132)に対して少なくとも部分的に光学的に透明になっている、工程と、
- 前記センサ信号からの前記対象物(112)の位置に関する情報項目を決定することによって、前記光学センサの前記センサ信号を評価する工程と
を含む、方法。 - 距離測定、とりわけ、交通技術における距離測定;位置測定、とりわけ、交通技術における位置測定;エンターテイメントの用途;セキュリティの用途;ヒューマンマシンインターフェースの用途;トラッキングの用途;ロジスティクスの用途;マシンビジョンの用途;安全の用途;監視の用途;データ収集の用途;スキャニングの用途、写真撮影の用途;イメージングの用途、またはカメラの用途;少なくとも1つの空間のマップを発生させるためのマッピングの用途からなる群から選択された使用の目的のための、検出器(110)を参照する請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の検出器(110)の使用。
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