JP7061244B1 - Extraction / separation device for heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soil, and extraction / separation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treatment apparatus and method which can easily extract heavy metal cadmium in planted soil of rice and wheat, have low cost and high efficiency, and are convenient for large-scale application. SOLUTION: The extraction device includes an extraction device and a separation device 7, the extraction device includes a movable frame 1 that can be connected to an agricultural vehicle, and a soil collection device 3 attached to the movable frame 1, and the soil collection device 3 is a soil reserve. The treatment component 4, the feeding device 5, and the electrolytic soil collecting device 6 are included, and the extraction / separation method is such that the soil is transported to the first transport component by the feeding device 5 for pretreatment, and then the electrolytic soil collecting device 6 is used. Electrolytic treatment is performed by controlling the electrode to be inserted into the soil on the second transport component, the heavy metal cadmium soil is transferred by the electrolytic soil collecting device 6, and finally the heavy metal cadmium is separated from the soil by the separating device 7. [Selection diagram] FIG. 6

Description

The present invention relates to a technical field of soil heavy metal extraction, and specifically to an extraction / separation apparatus for heavy metal cadmium in planted soil of rice and wheat, and an extraction / separation method.

With the development of urbanization and industrialization, the problem of soil heavy metal pollution cannot be ignored. Currently, methods of repairing heavy metals in soil mainly include physical repair, chemical repair, biological repair and the like.
When cadmium invades plants and accumulates to some extent, it adversely affects the growth and development, yield and quality of rice and wheat.

Traditional cadmium-contaminated soil remediation methods primarily include physical methods such as soil removal, soil addition and deep soil cultivation, that is, surface soil removal and contaminated soil covering or evenly mixed. If a large amount of uncontaminated soil is added to reduce the concentration of the contaminants below the critical dangerous concentration, or the contact between the contaminants and the roots is reduced and the surface soil is removed, the cadmium content of the rice is reduced to 50%. Such physical measures are not fundamental soil improvement measures, which can be reduced, this method is costly, consumes human and material resources, and the treated contaminated soil is prone to re-contamination. And the fertility of the soil decreases.

Therefore, there is a need for treatment equipment and methods that can extract heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soils, are easy to implement, are low cost and highly efficient, and are convenient for large-scale applications.

The present invention provides an extraction / separation device for heavy metal cadmium in planted soil of rice and wheat for solving the problems in the above background techniques, which is for pre-extracting heavy metal cadmium from the planted soil. Includes equipment and separation equipment for secondary extraction and separation of heavy metal cadmium,
The extraction device includes a movable frame that can be connected to an agricultural vehicle, a soil collection device attached to the movable frame, and the like.
The soil collection device is a soil pretreatment component, a pay device placed on a movable frame to supply soil to the pay end of the soil pretreatment component, and attached to the movable frame to collect soil at the discharge end of the soil pretreatment component. Includes electrolytic soil collector for collection,
The electrolytic soil collecting device is for electrolytically treating the soil on the material collection ditch connected to the discharge end of the soil pretreatment component, the second transport component located at the lower end of the material collection ditch, and the second transport component. Includes electrolysis transfer component, transfer component for transfer of soil treated by electrolysis transfer component,
The electrolytic transfer component includes an adjustment bracket located directly above the second transport component, an electrode attached to the adjustment bracket, and a power supply component electrically connected to the electrode, the adjustment bracket. The electrolytic repair bracket includes a telescopic rod attached to the electrolytic repair bracket to adjust the electrode spacing, and the electrode includes a positive electrode attached to the left side of the telescopic rod and a negative electrode attached to the right side of the telescopic rod.
According to one aspect of the invention, the transition component controls a mounting holder mounted on the right side of the electrolytic repair bracket, a plurality of sets of connecting rods arranged in the mounting holder, and a connecting rod provided on the mounting holder. Includes a control mechanism for collecting soil on the second transport component, a soil storage box for collecting heavy metal soil,
The connection rod includes a connection rod main body and a soil scraping plate provided at the front end of the connection rod main body, a rack is provided on the upper end surface of the connection rod main body, and a chute parallel to the rack is provided below the rack.
The control mechanism includes a telescopic motor whose telescopic end is connected to a chute, a sliding lug provided at a connection portion between the telescopic motor and the chute, and a power gear provided in a mounting holder and connected to a rack.
It includes clamp baffles provided on both sides of the power gear and a driven support shaft provided on the mounting holder and located below the connecting rod body.
Rack-gear coordination, sliding lug-chute coordination, and telescopic motors allow control of the connecting rod body to quickly and accurately transfer heavy metal soil on the second transport component to the soil storage box.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the soil pretreatment component is provided in a first transport component for connecting a feeding device and an electrolytic soil collection device, the first transport component for soil pH and soil humidity. Includes moisture control component for adjustment,
The moisture control component is a first sprayer for spraying an acidic solution on the soil in the first transport component, a second sprayer for spraying an alkaline solution on the soil in the first transport component, soil pH. Includes a pH detector for detecting, a humidity detector for detecting soil humidity,
The payroll device includes a payroll drum, a payroll shovel attached to the payroll drum to feed the soil transport belt, and a payroll power component for powering the payroll drum.
By installing the first sprayer and the second sprayer, the pH of the soil can be adjusted and controlled by spraying an electrolyte solution such as acid or alkali, while the water content of the soil can be adjusted, after the electrolysis transition component is energized. Effectively improves the movement speed of heavy metal cadmium, and the rotation of the salary shovel by the salary drum allows the soil to be rolled on the climbing transport belt.This soil transport structure is simple, has a low failure rate, and is convenient for production and maintenance. Is.

According to one aspect of the invention, the extraction device further comprises a soil loosening component located on the movable frame and located at the front end of the soil collection device.
The soil loosening component includes a soil loosening roller attached to a movable frame, a soil loosening coalter fixedly attached to the soil loosening roller, and a soil loosening roller provided on the movable frame to provide power to the soil loosening roller. The soil loosening power component includes a power component, and the electric roll shaft is adopted.
The installation of the soil loosening coulter can crush the soil and reduce the mass structure of the soil, which is convenient for feeding the payer, while keeping the soil uniform and flat on the surface of the soil transport belt.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the movable frame is a first frame for mounting a soil loosening component and a feeding device, a second frame for mounting a soil pretreatment component and an electrolytic soil collecting device, a first. Includes connecting parts provided on the frame and connected to the agricultural vehicle, wheels provided on the second frame,
The installation of connecting parts connects the movable frame to the agricultural vehicle, and the connection between the movable frame and the agricultural vehicle greatly improves the efficiency of rice and wheat planting soil treatment by the extraction device, making it a large-scale agricultural land. It has the advantages of being applied, easy to operate, and highly practical.

According to one aspect of the invention, the separator is a reaction tank, connected to a soil storage box.
A centrifugal tank provided inside the reaction tank for extracting heavy metal cadmium, a temperature control component provided on the inner wall of the centrifugal tank, a temperature sensor provided inside the centrifugal tank, a pH detector, and a reaction tank. A bio-sensor charging component provided on one side, an alkaline solution charging component provided on the other side of the reaction tank, a water supply device for supplying water to the centrifugal tank, and an extraction device for extracting cadmium-containing liquid from the inside of the centrifugal tank. Including
The alkaline solution charging component is a power unit provided at an alkaline solution storage tank, a first nozzle connected to the alkaline solution storage tank and communicating with the centrifugal tank, and a connection portion between the first nozzle and the alkaline solution storage tank. Including
The water supply device includes a water storage cavity, a second nozzle connected to the water storage cavity to supply water to the centrifugal tank, a flow valve provided at a connection portion between the second nozzle and the water storage cavity, and a water supply negative pressure pump. Including,
The extraction device is a solution provided at a connection portion between a cadmium solution storage box, a negative pressure solution suction tube connected to the cadmium solution storage box and located in the center of the centrifuge tank, and a connection portion between the cadmium solution storage box and the negative pressure solution suction tube. Includes suction negative pressure pump.
The water supply device guarantees the specified water-to-soil ratio, ensures the efficient progress of the reaction, can extract more heavy metal alkali, and the cadmium solution storage box contains a large amount of separated cadmium. A negative pressure solution suction tube provided in the center of the centrifuge tank that stores the solution can extract the central cadmium-containing solution during the rotation of the centrifuge tank, which is convenient and efficient, has few impurities, and is a power unit. Can extrude the alkaline solution in the alkaline solution storage tank from the nozzle, adjust the pH in the reaction tank together with the pH detector, extract heavy metal cadmium under an effective pH environment, and ensure a high extraction rate.

The method for extracting / separating heavy metal cadmium using the heavy metal cadmium extraction / separation device is
S1, Soil pretreatment After crushing the soil with the soil loosening component, the soil is transported to the first transport component by the salary device, and the soil moisture content is 20 wt. % -26w
t. %, The step of spraying the electrolyte solution on the first transport component so that the pH is 4-5,
S2, Soil Dynamic Coordination Repair Treatment The soil treated in step S1 is collected in the material collection groove, transported below the electrolytic repair bracket by the second transport component, and the electrode is placed on the second transport component by the telescopic rod. The distance between the electrodes is adjusted so that it can be inserted into the soil, and then a current of 2.5 to 3 A is supplied to the positive and negative electrodes using the power supply component to perform electrolytic treatment for 10 to 15 minutes, and then the control mechanism. By controlling the connecting rods to collect the soil containing heavy metal cadmium that has been repaired into the soil storage box.
S3, Separation of heavy metal cadmium Transfer the soil containing heavy metal cadmium in the soil storage box to the separation device, and add water to the centrifugal tank using the water supply device so that the ratio to the soil is 3 to 10 ml: 1 g. Obtain the mixture and use the biosurfactant input component to add 2-5 mg / ml to the mixture.
After adding the ramnolipide biosurfactant, the pH was adjusted to 7 to 10 with an alkaline solution injection component, and then centrifuged at 35 to 40 ° C. and 3000 to 5000 r / min for 10 to 20 minutes. Then, the step of extracting the solution containing heavy metal cadmium with a negative pressure solution suction tube under the condition of 35 ° C. and 1000 r / min and separating the cadmium from the soil is included.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.
Compared with the conventional treatment method of cultivating land without extracting heavy metal cadmium, the extraction device provided by the present invention can pre-extract heavy metal cadmium in the planted soil, has high mechanical degree, high treatment efficiency, and is large. Suitable for large-scale farmlands and rice fields, the separator can further extract and separate heavy metal cadmium to radically separate heavy metal cadmium from soil.
The extraction device provided by the present invention utilizes the principle of electrical repair to realize the transfer of heavy metal ions in the soil by applying a direct current to the soil, and then uses a soil collection device to increase the cadmium content. Soil is collected and a separation device is used to extract heavy metal cadmium in this part of the soil.
The extraction / separation method provided by the present invention can significantly improve the degree of contamination of the planted soil of rice and wheat by using the extraction device and the separation device, and this method is low cost, labor saving and high treatment efficiency. It is possible to fundamentally extract and separate heavy metal cadmium from Noh soil.

The first embodiment of the present invention is intended to show the structure of the extraction device and the separation device. The first embodiment of the present invention is intended to show the structure of a soil transport belt and an electrolytic soil collecting device. The first embodiment of the present invention is intended to show the structure of a connecting rod. The first embodiment of the present invention is intended to show the structure of the control mechanism. The first embodiment of the present invention is intended to show the structure of the separation device. The second embodiment of the present invention is intended to show the structure of the soil loosening component.

[Explanation of code]
1 Movable frame 2 Soil loosening component 21 Soil loosening roller 22 Soil loosening coulter 3 Soil collection device 4 Soil pretreatment component 41 Moisture adjustment component 42 First transport component 5 Salary device 51 Salary drum 52 Salary shovel 6 Electrolytic soil collection device 60 No. 2 Transport Component 61 Material Collection Groove 62 Electrolytic Repair Bracket 63 Telescopic Rod 64 Mounting Holder 65 Connection Rod 651 Rack 652 Shoot 66 Control Mechanism 661 Telescopic Motor 662 Sliding Rug 663 Gear 664 Clamp Baffle 665 Soil Storage Box 7 Separation Equipment 71 Reaction tank 72 Centrifugal tank 73 Temperature control component 74 Water supply device 75 Extractor 751 Cadmium solution storage box 752 Negative pressure solution suction tube 76 Biosurfactant charging component 77 Alkaline solution charging component

Example 1
The heavy metal cadmium extraction / separation device in the rice and wheat planting soil shown in FIG. 1 is an extraction device for pre-extracting heavy metal cadmium from the planted soil and a secondary extraction / separation device for heavy metal cadmium.
Including a separation device 7 for separation,
The extraction device includes a movable frame 1 that can be connected to an agricultural vehicle, and a soil collecting device 3 attached to the movable frame 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, the soil collecting device 3 includes a soil pretreatment component 4 and a movable frame 1.
A payer 5 for supplying soil to the pay end of the soil pretreatment component 4 placed in
Includes an electrolytic soil collector 6 attached to the movable frame 1 to collect soil at the discharge end of the soil pretreatment component 4.
As shown in FIG. 2, the electrolytic soil collecting device 6 includes a material collecting groove 61 connected to the discharge end of the soil pretreatment component 4, a second transport component 60 arranged at the lower end of the material collecting groove 61, and a second. Includes an electrolytic transfer component for electrolytically treating the soil on the transport component 60, a transfer component for transferring the soil treated by the electrolytic transfer component.
The electrolytic transition component includes an adjustment bracket located directly above the second transport component 60, an electrode attached to the adjustment bracket, and a power supply component electrically connected to the electrode, and the adjustment bracket is an electrolytic repair bracket. 62, including a telescopic rod 63 attached to the electrolytic repair bracket 62 to adjust the electrode spacing, the electrodes include a positive electrode attached to the left side of the telescopic rod 63 and a negative electrode attached to the right side of the telescopic rod 63.
As shown in FIG. 3, the transition component includes a mounting holder 64 mounted on the right side of the electrolytic repair bracket 62, six sets of connecting rods 65 arranged on the mounting holder 64, and a mounting holder 6.
4 includes a control mechanism 66 for controlling the connecting rod 65 to collect soil on the second transport component 60, a soil storage box 67 for collecting heavy metal soil, and the like.
As shown in FIG. 4, the connection rod 65 includes a connection rod main body and a soil scraping plate provided at the front end of the connection rod main body, and a rack 651 is provided on the upper end surface of the connection rod main body, and the rack 65 is provided.
A chute 652 parallel to the rack 651 is provided below 1, and the control mechanism 66 includes a telescopic motor 661 whose telescopic end is connected to the chute 652, and a sliding lug 662 provided at a connection portion between the telescopic motor 661 and the chute 652. , The power gear 663 provided on the mounting holder 64 and connected to the rack 651, the clamp baffles 664 provided on both sides of the power gear 663, and the driven support shaft 665 provided on the mounting holder 64 and located below the connection rod body. include.
The soil pretreatment component 4 is provided in the first transport component 42 for connecting the feeding device 5 and the electrolytic soil collecting device 6, and the first transport component 42, and is provided with a moisture adjustment for adjusting the soil pH and soil humidity. Including component 41
The moisture adjusting component 41 is a first sprayer for spraying an acidic solution on the soil in the first transport component 42, a second sprayer for spraying an alkaline solution on the soil in the first transport component 42, Includes a pH detector for detecting soil pH, a humidity detector for detecting soil humidity,
The payroll device 5 includes a payroll drum 51, a payroll shovel 52 attached to the payroll drum 51 to feed the soil transport belt 42, and a payroll power component for powering the payroll drum 51.
As shown in FIG. 5, the separation device 7 is a reaction tank 71, which is connected to the soil storage box 67.
Centrifugal tank 72 provided inside the reaction tank 71 for extracting heavy metal cadmium,
A temperature control component 73 provided on the inner wall of the centrifuge tank 72, a temperature sensor provided inside the centrifuge tank 72, a pH detector, a biosurfactant charging component 76 provided on one side of the reaction tank 71, and a reaction tank 71. It includes an alkaline solution charging component 77 provided on the other side, a water supply device 74 for supplying water to the centrifugal tank 72, and an extraction device 75 for extracting a cadmium-containing liquid from the inside of the centrifugal tank 72.
The alkaline solution charging component 77 includes an alkaline solution storage tank, a first nozzle connected to the alkaline solution storage tank and communicating with the centrifugal tank 72, and a power unit provided at a connection portion between the first nozzle and the alkaline solution storage tank. Including,
The water supply device 74 includes a water storage cavity, a second nozzle connected to the water storage cavity to supply water to the centrifugal tank 72, a flow valve provided at a connection between the second nozzle and the water storage cavity, and a water supply negative pressure pump. ,
The extraction device 75 includes a cadmium solution storage box 751 and a cadmium solution storage box 75.
It includes a negative pressure solution suction tube 752 connected to 1 and located in the center of the centrifuge tank 72, and a solution suction negative pressure pump provided at the connection portion between the cadmium solution storage box 751 and the negative pressure solution suction tube 752.
Among them, a solution suction negative pressure pump, a pH detector, a humidity detector, a salary power component, a first transport component 42, a second transport component 60, and a telescopic motor 661 adopt commercial products of existing technology. Those skilled in the art can select a specific product model as needed.

Example 2
It differs from Example 1 in the following points.
As shown in FIG. 6, the extraction device further includes a soil loosening component 2 provided on the movable frame 1 and located at the front end of the soil collection device 3.
The soil loosening component 2 is a soil loosening roller 21 attached to the movable frame 1.
Includes a soil loosening coulter 22 fixedly attached to a soil loosening roller 21, a soil loosening power component provided on a movable frame 1 to power the soil loosening roller 21, among which is a soil loosening power component. Adopts a commercially available electric roll shaft, and those skilled in the art can select a specific product model as needed.

Example 3
In this embodiment, a method for extracting and separating heavy metal cadmium from soil by applying the extraction device of Example 1 is described, and this method is described.
S1, Soil pretreatment After the soil is crushed by the soil loosening component 2, the soil is transported to the first transport component 42 by the salary device 5, and the soil moisture content is 23 wt by the moisture adjustment component 41.
.. %, The step of spraying the electrolyte solution onto the first transport component 42 so that the pH is 4.5,
S2, soil dynamic cooperation repair processing The soil treated in step S1 is collected in the material collection groove 61, transported below the electrolytic repair bracket 62 by the second transport component 60, and the electrode is seconded by the telescopic rod 63. The distance between the electrodes was adjusted so that it could be inserted into the soil on the transport component 60, and then the power supply component was used to supply a current of 2.7 A to the positive and negative electrodes for 12.5 minutes of electrolysis. A step of controlling the connecting rod 65 so that the soil storage box 67 collects the soil containing the heavy metal cadmium which has been repaired by the control mechanism 66.
S3, Separation of heavy metal cadmium The soil containing heavy metal cadmium in the soil storage box 67 is transferred to the separation device 7, the heavy metal cadmium is extracted and processed, and the ratio of the soil to the centrifugal tank 72 is 6 ml using the water supply device 74.
Water is added to a ratio of 1 g to obtain the mixture, and after adding 3.5 mg / ml ramnolipide biosurfactant to the mixture using the Biosurfactant Addition Component 76,
Adjust the pH to 8 with the alkaline solution injection component 77, then 38 ° C., 400
After centrifuging for 15 minutes under the condition of 0 r / min, a solution containing heavy metal cadmium is extracted with a negative pressure solution suction tube 752 under the condition of 35 ° C. and 1000 r / min to separate the cadmium from the soil. ,including.

Example 4
In this embodiment, a method for extracting and separating heavy metal cadmium from soil by applying the extraction device of Example 2 is described, which differs from Example 3 in the following points.
In the soil pretreatment in step S1, the soil loosening power component first drives the soil loosening coalter 22 on the soil loosening roller 21 to grind the soil, and then the salary device 5 is rotated by the salary drum 51 to drive the salary shovel. 52 transports the soil to 42 on the first transport component.

Example 5
It differs from Example 3 in the following points.
In step S1, the moisture adjusting component 41 is provided by the first atomizer and the second atomizer.
The water content of the soil is 20 wt. %, The electrolyte solution was sprayed onto the soil on the first transport component 42 so that the pH was 4.
In step S2, the power supply component supplies a current of 2.5 A to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and electrolyzes for 10 minutes.
In step S3, the ratio of soil to water in the centrifuge tank 72 is 3 ml: 1 g, and the biosurfactant charging component 76 is charged with 2 mg / ml ramnolipid biosurfactant into the mixture.
After that, the pH was adjusted to 7 with the alkaline solution injection component, and the temperature was 35 ° C., 3000r.
Centrifuge for 10 minutes under the condition of / min, then extract the solution containing heavy metal cadmium using the negative pressure solution suction tube 752 under the condition of 35 ° C. and 1000 r / min to separate the cadmium from the soil. ..

Example 6
It differs from Example 3 in the following points.
In step S1, the moisture adjusting component 41 is provided by the first atomizer and the second atomizer.
The water content of the soil is 26 wt. %, The electrolyte solution was sprayed onto the soil on the first transport component 42 so that the pH was 5.
In step S2, the power supply component supplies a current of 3 A to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and electrolyzes for 15 minutes.
In step S3, the soil to water ratio in the centrifuge tank 72 is 10 ml: 1 g, and the biosurfactant charging component 76 is charged with 5 mg / ml ramnolipid biosurfactant into the mixture.
After that, the pH is adjusted to 10 by the alkaline solution charging component 77, and the temperature is 40 ° C., 50.
Centrifuge for 20 minutes under the condition of 00 r / min, then extract the solution containing heavy metal cadmium using the negative pressure solution suction tube 752 under the condition of 35 ° C. and 1000 r / min to separate the cadmium from the soil. do.

Test Example The method of Examples 3 to 6 above was used to treat heavy metal cadmium-contaminated soil 25 cm from the ground surface, and the prior art was used as a control group. It is a Chinese invention patent for a device for extracting heavy metal cadmium in planted soil, and the content of heavy metal cadmium in the soil is 0.82 mg / kg. The extraction rates are recorded and are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1: Work efficiency of soil treatment and extraction rate of heavy metal cadmium in Examples 3 to 6

(1) As can be seen from Table 1, the heavy metal cadmium extraction device in the rice and wheat planting soil provided by the present invention has high mechanicalness and high treatment efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale farmland and rice fields. , Separation equipment can further extract and separate heavy metal cadmium, radically separate heavy metal cadmium from soil, significantly improve the degree of contamination of rice and wheat planted soil,
This method is low cost, labor saving, high treatment efficiency, and can fundamentally extract heavy metal cadmium from soil.
(2) As can be seen by comparing Example 4 and Example 3, the soil loosening coulter on the soil loosening roller 21 crushes the soil, and then the particle size of the soil becomes smaller, and the salary device 5 and the moisture adjusting component are used. The processing efficiency of 41 can be improved, and the work efficiency of the entire apparatus can be improved to some extent.
(3) As can be seen by comparing Example 4 of the present invention with the control set, the working efficiency of the apparatus of the present invention is much higher than that of the prior art, and Example 4 of the present invention is collected by the electrolytic soil collecting apparatus 6. Preliminary extraction is performed on the prepared soil, and the separation device 7 in Example 4 significantly reduces the amount of soil treated when treating the work soil of the same area, effectively improving the work efficiency of the entire device. be able to.
Furthermore, this device is suitable not only for the treatment of large areas of heavy metal cadmium-contaminated soil, but also for the improvement treatment of other types of heavy metal-contaminated soil.
(4) As can be seen by comparing Examples 4 and Examples 5 and 6, when the processing conditions are changed, the work efficiency of Example 4 is 2.83 mu / hour, and Examples 5 and 5 are shown. Better than 6 2.73 mu / hour.

As described above, Example 4 is the best embodiment disclosed in the present invention, and the work efficiency thereof is 2.
.. With 83 mu / hour and an extraction rate of cadmium of 88.6%, it is suitable for heavy metal extraction in large-scale agricultural land and rice fields.

Claims (5)

It includes an extraction device for pre-extracting heavy metal cadmium from planted soil and a separation device (7) for secondary extraction and separation of heavy metal cadmium.
The extraction device includes a movable frame (1) that can be connected to an agricultural vehicle, and the movable frame (1).
) Including the soil collector (3) attached to
The soil collecting device (3) includes a soil pretreatment component (4) and a movable frame (1).
A salary device (5) for supplying soil to the salary end of the soil pretreatment component (4), which is attached to the movable frame (1) and collects soil at the discharge end of the soil pretreatment component (4). Includes an electrolytic soil collector (6) for
The electrolytic soil collecting device (6) is a material collecting groove (61) connected to the discharge end of the soil pretreatment component (4), and a second transport component (60) arranged at the lower end of the material collecting groove (61). ), An electrolytic transfer component for electrolytically treating the soil on the second transport component (60), a transfer component for transferring the soil treated by the electrolytic transfer component.
The electrolytic transfer component includes an adjustment bracket located directly above the second transport component (60), an electrode attached to the adjustment bracket, and a power supply component electrically connected to the electrode. The bracket is an electrolytic repair bracket (
62), the telescopic rod (63) attached to the electrolytic repair bracket (62) for adjusting the electrode spacing, the electrode of the positive electrode, the telescopic rod (63) attached to the left side of the telescopic rod (63). Including the negative electrode mounted on the right side,
The transition component is mounted on the right side of the electrolytic repair bracket (62).
Holder (64), multiple sets of connection rods (65) arranged in the mounting holder (64), take
A second transport component (65) provided on the attached holder (64) to control the connecting rod (65).
60) Control mechanism for collecting the above soil (66), soil storage for collecting heavy metal soil
Including the warehouse box (67)
The connecting rod (65) is a connecting rod main body and soil provided at the front end of the connecting rod main body.
A rack (651) is provided on the upper end surface of the connection rod body including a scraping plate, and a rack (6) is provided.
A chute (652) parallel to the rack (651) is provided below the 51).
The control mechanism (66) has a telescopic motor (66) whose telescopic end is connected to a chute (652).
1) A sliding lug (sliding lug) provided at the connection portion between the telescopic motor (661) and the chute (652).
662), a power gear (6) provided in the mounting holder (64) and connected to the rack (651).
63), clamp baffles (664) provided on both sides of the power gear (663), mounting
Includes a driven support shaft (665) provided on the holder (64) and located below the connecting rod body
,
A device for extracting and separating heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soil. The soil pretreatment component (4) includes a first transport component (42) for connecting the payroll device (5) and the electrolytic soil collection device (6), and the first transport component (the first transport component).
Moisture control component (4) provided in 42) for adjusting soil pH and soil humidity.
Including 1)
The pH adjusting component (41) sprays an alkaline solution onto the soil in the first transport component (42), a first sprayer for spraying the acidic solution onto the soil in the first transport component (42). Second atomizer for, pH detector for detecting soil pH,
Includes a humidity detector for detecting soil humidity,
The payroll device (5) powers a payroll drum (51), a payroll shovel (52) attached to the payroll drum (51) to feed a soil transport belt (42), and a payroll drum (51). Including payroll power components for,
The apparatus for extracting and separating heavy metal cadmium in the planting soil of rice and wheat according to claim 1. The extraction device further includes a soil loosening component (2) provided on the movable frame (1) and located at the front end of the soil collection device (3).
The soil loosening component (2) includes a soil loosening roller (21) attached to the movable frame (1), a soil loosening coalter (22) fixedly attached to the soil loosening roller (21), and the movable frame (21). The soil loosening power component provided in 1) includes a soil loosening power component for providing power to the soil loosening roller (21), and the soil loosening power component employs an electric roll shaft.
The apparatus for extracting and separating heavy metal cadmium in the planting soil of rice and wheat according to claim 1. The separation device (7) includes a reaction tank (71) connected to a soil storage box (67), a centrifugal tank (72) provided inside the reaction tank (71) for extracting heavy metal cadmium, and the above. Temperature control component (73) provided on the inner wall of the centrifuge tank (72)
, Temperature sensor, pH detector, reaction tank (71) provided inside the centrifuge tank (72).
), The alkaline solution charging component (77) provided on the other side of the reaction tank (71), and the water supply device (72) for supplying water to the centrifugal tank (72). 74), including an extraction device (75) for extracting a cadmium-containing liquid from the centrifuge tank (72).
The alkaline solution charging component (77) is attached to an alkaline solution storage tank, a first nozzle connected to the alkaline solution storage tank and communicating with the centrifugal tank (72), and a connection portion between the first nozzle and the alkaline solution storage tank. Including the power unit provided
The water supply device (74) is connected to a water storage cavity and the water storage cavity to a centrifugal tank (
72) includes a second nozzle for supplying water, a flow valve provided at the connection between the second nozzle and the water storage cavity, and a water supply negative pressure pump.
The extraction device (75) has a cadmium solution storage box (751), a negative pressure solution suction tube (752) connected to the cadmium solution storage box (751) and located in the center of the centrifuge tank (72), and a cadmium solution storage. A solution suction negative pressure pump provided at the connection between the box (751) and the negative pressure solution suction tube (752).
The apparatus for extracting and separating heavy metal cadmium in the planting soil of rice and wheat according to claim 1 . A method for extracting and separating cadmium using the soil heavy metal cadmium extraction / separation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 .
S1, Soil pretreatment After crushing the soil with the soil loosening component (2), the soil is first crushed with the salary device (5).
The soil moisture content is 20 wt. % -26 wt. %, The step of spraying the electrolyte solution onto the first transport component (42) so that the pH is 4-5.
S2, Soil Dynamic Coordination Repair Treatment The soil treated in step S1 is collected in the material collection groove (61), transported below the electrolytic repair bracket (62) by the second transport component (60), and the telescopic rod ( According to 63), the distance between the electrodes is adjusted so that the electrodes are inserted into the soil on the second transport component (60), and then the power supply component is used to apply a current of 2.5 to 3 A to the positive and negative electrodes. It is supplied and electrolyzed for 10 to 15 minutes, and then the connecting rod (65) is used to collect the restored heavy metal cadmium-containing soil in the soil storage box (67) by the control mechanism (66).
) And the steps to control
S3, Separation of heavy metal cadmium The soil containing cadmium in heavy metal in the soil storage box (67) was transferred to the separation device (7).
Using the water supply device (74), water was added to the centrifuge tank (72) so that the ratio with the soil was 3 to 10 ml: 1 g to obtain a mixture, and the biosurfactant input component (7) was obtained.
After adding 2-5 mg / ml ramnolipide biosurfactant to the mixture using 6), adjust the pH to 7-10 with the alkaline solution injection component (77), then 35-40 ° C, 3000- After centrifugation for 10 to 20 minutes under the condition of 5000 r / min, a solution containing heavy metal cadmium is extracted from the soil by a negative pressure solution suction tube (752) under the condition of 35 ° C. and 1000 r / min. Steps to separate and
A method for extracting and separating cadmium, which comprises.

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