CN112588805A - Extraction device and extraction method for heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soil - Google Patents
Extraction device and extraction method for heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112588805A CN112588805A CN202011551323.1A CN202011551323A CN112588805A CN 112588805 A CN112588805 A CN 112588805A CN 202011551323 A CN202011551323 A CN 202011551323A CN 112588805 A CN112588805 A CN 112588805A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
- B09C1/085—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically electrochemically, e.g. by electrokinetics
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil heavy metal extraction, and particularly discloses an extraction device and an extraction method for heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soil, wherein the device comprises a first extraction device and a second extraction device for secondary extraction and separation of heavy metal cadmium; the first extraction device comprises a movable frame which can be connected with the agricultural vehicle and a soil sampling extraction device which is arranged on the movable frame; the method comprises the following steps: preparing to take soil; extracting heavy metal cadmium soil: after the anode and the cathode are inserted into the soil on the soil conveyer belt, the power supply assembly supplies power, and the soil taking assembly takes soil; separating heavy metal cadmium: centrifuging the centrifugal tank, and extracting the solution containing heavy metal cadmium by using an extraction device; the extraction device has high degree of mechanization and higher treatment efficiency; the extraction method can obviously improve the rice and wheat planting soil and has the characteristic of low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil heavy metal extraction, in particular to a device and a method for extracting heavy metal cadmium from rice and wheat planting soil.
Background
In the process of urbanization and industrialization, the problem of heavy metal pollution of soil is not ignored. Heavy metal pollution seriously affects the quality and use value of soil, so that vegetation growth is inhibited, crop yield is reduced, heavy metal acts on a human body along with a food chain or accumulates in the human body through media such as water, plants and the like, and harms human life and body health are generated, and the current method for repairing the heavy metal in the soil mainly comprises the following steps: physical repair, chemical repair, biological repair, and the like. When cadmium enters plants and is accumulated to a certain degree, the growth, development, yield and quality of rice and wheat are affected. According to research, when the soluble cadmium in the soil is 0.43mg/kg, the yield of the rice is reduced by 10 percent; when the yield of the rice is 8.10mg/kg, the yield of the rice is reduced by 25 percent; the correlation coefficient of the cadmium in rice and the soil soluble cadmium reaches 0.997, and the amino acid of rice and the ratio of amylopectin to amylose in starch are influenced to change, so that the quality of the rice is deteriorated.
The traditional cadmium contaminated soil remediation method mainly comprises physical methods such as soil dumping, soil dressing, deep ploughing and soil turning and the like, namely surface soil is removed, a large amount of clean soil is added into the contaminated soil and is covered on the surface layer or is uniformly mixed, so that the concentration of pollutants is reduced to be below critical hazard concentration, or the contact of the pollutants and root systems is reduced, the cadmium content in rice can be reduced by 50% by removing the surface soil, and the physical measures are not basic measures for improving the soil; however, the method consumes a great deal of capital, manpower and material resources, the discharged polluted soil is easy to cause pollution, and the soil fertility is reduced.
Therefore, a treatment device and a treatment method capable of extracting heavy metal cadmium from rice and wheat planting soil are needed, and the treatment device and the treatment method are convenient to implement, low in cost and high in efficiency so as to be convenient for large-scale application.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a device and a method for extracting heavy metal cadmium from rice and wheat planting soil; the soil heavy metal cadmium extraction device provided by the invention can be used for extracting heavy metal cadmium from planting soil, is high in mechanization degree and has higher treatment efficiency; the extraction method provided by the invention can obviously improve the rice and wheat planting soil, and has the characteristics of low cost and labor saving.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an extraction device for heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soil comprises a first extraction device and a second extraction device, wherein the first extraction device is used for primarily extracting the heavy metal cadmium from the planting soil;
the first extraction device comprises a movable frame which can be connected with the agricultural vehicle, a soil sampling extraction device which is arranged on the movable frame, and a soil loosening assembly which is arranged on the movable frame and is positioned at the front end of the soil sampling extraction device;
the soil sampling and extracting device comprises a soil pretreatment assembly, a feeding device arranged on the moving frame and used for providing soil for the feeding end of the soil pretreatment assembly, and an electrolytic soil sampling device arranged on the moving frame and used for collecting soil at the discharging end of the soil pretreatment assembly;
the soil pretreatment assembly comprises a first transportation assembly used for connecting the feeding device and the electrolytic soil taking device, and an adjusting assembly arranged on the first transportation assembly and used for adjusting the pH value and the humidity of soil;
the electrolytic soil taking device comprises a material collecting groove connected with the discharge end of the first transportation component, a second transportation component arranged at the bottom end of the material collecting groove, an electrolytic transfer component for carrying out electrolytic treatment on soil on the second transportation component, and a soil taking component for collecting soil treated by the electrolytic transfer component;
the electrolytic transfer assembly comprises a regulating frame positioned right above the second conveying assembly, an electrode arranged on the regulating frame, and a power supply assembly electrically connected with the electrode; the adjusting frame comprises an electrolytic repairing frame and a telescopic rod which is arranged on the electrolytic repairing frame and is used for adjusting the distance between the electrodes; the electrode comprises an anode arranged on the left side of the telescopic rod and a cathode arranged on the right side of the telescopic rod;
the soil taking assembly comprises a mounting bracket arranged on the right side of the electrolytic restoration frame, a plurality of groups of soil taking connecting rods arranged on the mounting bracket, a control mechanism arranged on the mounting bracket and used for controlling the soil taking connecting rods to take soil on the second transportation assembly, and a soil storage box used for collecting heavy metal soil;
the second extraction element includes the retort of being connected with the storage soil box, sets up the inside centrifugation jar that is used for drawing heavy metal cadmium of retort sets up the control by temperature change subassembly of centrifugation jar inner wall sets up at inside temperature sensor, the pH detector of centrifugation jar, sets up the biosurfactant in retort one side and puts in the subassembly, sets up the alkali lye of retort opposite side and puts in the subassembly, be used for to the water supply installation that the centrifugation jar supplied water for draw the extraction element who contains cadmium liquid in the centrifugation jar.
Furthermore, the soil sampling connecting rods comprise connecting rod bodies and soil shifting plates arranged at the front ends of the connecting rod bodies; the upper end face of the connecting rod body is provided with a rack, and a sliding chute parallel to the rack is arranged below the rack; the operating mechanism comprises a telescopic motor, a sliding lifting lug, a power gear, clamping baffles and a driven support shaft, wherein the telescopic motor is connected with the sliding chute at a telescopic end, the sliding lifting lug is arranged at the joint of the telescopic motor and the sliding chute, the power gear is arranged on the mounting bracket and is connected with the rack, the clamping baffles are arranged on two sides of the power gear, and the driven support shaft is arranged on the mounting bracket and is positioned below the connecting rod body; through the cooperation of rack and gear, the cooperation of slip lug and spout and flexible motor can realize the control to the connecting rod body, can be fast accurate with the second transport assembly on heavy metal soil transfer to deposit the soil box in.
Furthermore, the movable frame comprises a first frame for installing a soil loosening assembly and a feeding device, a second frame for installing a soil pretreatment assembly and an electrolytic soil taking device, a connecting piece arranged on the first frame and connected with an agricultural vehicle, and wheels arranged on the second frame; the setting of connecting piece can realize being connected with the agricultural vehicle, can improve the treatment effeciency of first extraction element to rice and wheat planting soil greatly through being connected with the agricultural vehicle, can be applicable to extensive farm field, possesses easy and simple to handle, characteristics that the practicality is strong.
The soil loosening assembly comprises soil loosening rollers mounted on a first frame, soil loosening coulters fixedly mounted on the soil loosening rollers, and a soil loosening power assembly arranged on the first frame and used for providing power for the soil loosening rollers; the setting of plough sword that loosens the soil can be with soil breakage, makes soil massive structure diminish, the loading attachment material loading of being convenient for on the one hand, and on the other hand is favorable to making soil keep evenly leveling on soil conveyer belt surface.
Further, the adjusting assembly comprises a first sprayer and a second sprayer which are respectively used for spraying the acidic solution and the alkaline solution to the soil of the first transportation assembly, and a soil pH detector and a soil humidity detector which are used for detecting the pH and the humidity of the soil; the first sprayer and the second sprayer can be used for adjusting and controlling the pH value of the soil by spraying electrolyte solutions such as acid and alkali, and adjusting the water content of the soil, so that the migration rate of the heavy metal cadmium after the electrolytic transfer assembly is electrified is effectively improved.
Furthermore, the feeding device comprises a feeding roller, a feeding shovel which is arranged on the feeding roller and used for feeding the soil conveying belt, and a feeding power assembly used for providing power for the feeding roller; the rotation that drives the material loading shovel through the material loading cylinder can be rolled up soil and send to the climbing conveyer belt on, should go up native simple structure, and the fault rate is low, is convenient for production and maintenance.
Furthermore, the alkali liquor feeding assembly comprises an alkali liquor storage tank, a first spray head connected with the alkali liquor storage tank and communicated with the centrifugal tank, and a power unit arranged at the joint of the spray head and the alkali liquor storage tank; the power unit can be pressed out the alkali liquor in the alkali liquor storage tank from the spray head, pH adjustment in the reaction tank can be completed by combining the pH detector, extraction of heavy metal cadmium under an effective pH environment is guaranteed, and high extraction rate is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the water supply device comprises a water storage cavity, a second spray head connected with the water storage cavity and used for supplying water to the centrifugal tank, a flow valve arranged at the joint of the second spray head and the water storage cavity, and a water supply negative pressure pump; the water supply device can ensure the realization of the specified water-soil ratio and the efficient reaction, thereby extracting more heavy metal cadmium.
Further, the extraction device comprises a cadmium solution storage tank, a negative pressure liquid taking pipe which is connected with the cadmium solution storage tank and is positioned in the center of the centrifugal tank, and a liquid taking negative pressure pump which is arranged at the connection position of the cadmium solution storage tank and the negative pressure liquid taking pipe; the cadmium solution storage tank can store a large amount of separated cadmium-containing solutions, and the negative pressure liquid taking pipe arranged at the center of the centrifugal tank can take out the central cadmium-containing solutions in the rotating process of the centrifugal tank, so that the centrifugal tank is convenient and efficient, and impurities are less.
Further, the method for extracting the heavy metal cadmium by using the extraction device of the heavy metal cadmium comprises the following steps:
step one, soil pretreatment
The soil loosening assembly crushes soil, the feeding device conveys the soil to the first conveying assembly, and the adjusting assembly sprays electrolyte solution onto the first conveying assembly to enable the water content of the soil to be 20% -26% and the pH value to be 4-5;
step two, soil retreatment
Carrying out electrolytic treatment on the soil pretreated in the step one through an electrolytic transfer assembly; then, a power supply assembly is used for supplying 2.5-3A of current to the positive electrode and the negative electrode to carry out electrolysis treatment for 10-15 min; then collecting heavy metal soil to a soil storage box by using a soil taking connecting rod;
step three, separating heavy metal cadmium
Transferring the soil in the soil storage box after the electrolysis treatment to a second extraction device for extracting heavy metal cadmium; adding a water supply device into the centrifugal tank, wherein the proportion of the water supply device to the soil is 3-10 ml: 1g of water to give a mixture; adding a rhamnolipid biosurfactant with the proportion of 2-5 mg/ml to the mixture by using a biosurfactant adding component; then regulating the pH value to 7-10 by an alkali liquor feeding component, and then carrying out centrifugal treatment for 10-20 min at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ and under the condition of 3000-5000 r/min; and extracting the solution containing heavy metal cadmium by using a negative pressure liquid taking pipe under the conditions of 35 ℃ and 1000r/min to complete the separation of cadmium and soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional treatment method for plowing and not extracting the soil, the first extraction device provided by the invention can be used for extracting heavy metal cadmium on the planting soil, has high mechanization degree, and can be efficiently applied to large-scale farmlands and paddy fields; the second extraction device can further extract and separate the heavy metal cadmium, and the heavy metal cadmium is fundamentally separated from the soil.
The first extraction device provided by the invention realizes the migration of heavy metal ions in soil by introducing direct current into the soil by utilizing the principle of electric restoration, collects the soil with higher cadmium content by utilizing the soil sampling device, and realizes the extraction of heavy metal cadmium in the part of soil by utilizing the second extraction device.
The extraction method provided by the invention relies on the first extraction device and the second extraction device, can obviously improve the pollution degree of the soil for planting rice and wheat, has the advantages of low cost, manpower saving and high treatment efficiency, and can fundamentally extract heavy metal cadmium from the soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first extraction apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a soil conveyer belt and an electrolytic soil sampling device according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a soil sampling connecting rod according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an operating mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second extraction apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
wherein, 1-a moving frame, 11-a first frame, 12-a second frame, 13-a connecting piece, 2-a soil loosening component, 21-a soil loosening roller, 3-a soil sampling and extracting device, 4-a soil pre-processing component, 41-a regulating component, 42-a first transporting component, 5-a loading device, 51-a loading roller, 52-a loading shovel, 6-an electrolytic soil sampling device, 60-a second transporting component, 61-a collecting groove, 62-an electrolytic repairing frame, 63-a telescopic rod, 64-a mounting bracket, 65-a soil sampling connecting rod, 651-a rack, 652-a chute, 66-an operating mechanism, a lifting lug-a telescopic motor, 662-a sliding, 663-a gear, 664-a clamping baffle, 665-a driven supporting shaft, 67-soil storage box, 7-second extraction device, 71-reaction tank, 72-centrifugal tank, 73-temperature control component, 74-water supply device, 75-extraction device, 751-cadmium solution storage tank and 752-negative pressure liquid taking pipe.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the extraction device for heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soil comprises a first extraction device for primarily extracting heavy metal cadmium from the planting soil, and a second extraction device 7 for secondarily extracting and separating heavy metal cadmium;
as shown in fig. 1, the first extraction device comprises a moving frame 1 which can be connected with an agricultural vehicle, a soil sampling extraction device 3 which is arranged on the moving frame 1, and a soil loosening assembly 2 which is arranged on the moving frame 1 and is positioned at the front end of the soil sampling extraction device 3;
as shown in fig. 1, the soil sampling and extracting device 3 comprises a soil pretreatment assembly 4, a feeding device 5 arranged on the moving vehicle frame 1 and used for providing soil to the feeding end of the soil pretreatment assembly 4, and an electrolytic soil sampling device 6 arranged on the moving vehicle frame 1 and used for collecting soil at the discharging end of the soil pretreatment assembly 4;
as shown in fig. 2, the soil pretreatment module 4 comprises a first transportation module 42 for connecting the loading device 5 and the electrolytic soil-taking device 6, and an adjusting module 41 mounted on the first transportation module 42 for adjusting the soil pH and soil humidity;
as shown in fig. 2, the electrolytic soil sampling device 6 comprises a material collecting groove 61 connected with the discharge end of the first transportation component 42, a second transportation component 60 arranged at the bottom end of the material collecting groove 61, an electrolytic transfer component for performing electrolytic treatment on the soil on the second transportation component 60, and a soil sampling component for collecting the soil treated by the electrolytic transfer component;
as shown in fig. 2, the electrolytic transfer assembly includes a regulating frame positioned directly above the second transport assembly 60, an electrode mounted on the regulating frame, and a power supply assembly electrically connected to the electrode; the adjusting frame comprises an electrolytic repairing frame 62 and an expansion link 63 which is arranged on the electrolytic repairing frame 62 and is used for adjusting the distance between the electrodes; the electrode comprises a positive electrode arranged on the left side of the telescopic rod 63 and a negative electrode arranged on the right side of the telescopic rod 63;
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the soil sampling assembly comprises a mounting bracket 64 mounted on the right side of the electrolytic restoration frame 62, 6 groups of soil sampling connecting rods 65 arranged on the mounting bracket 64, a control mechanism 66 arranged on the mounting bracket 64 for controlling the soil sampling connecting rods 65 to sample soil on the second transportation assembly 60, and a soil storage box 67 for collecting heavy metal soil;
as shown in fig. 5, the second extraction device 7 includes a reaction tank 71 connected to the soil storage tank 67, a centrifugal tank 72 disposed inside the reaction tank 71 for extracting heavy metal cadmium, a temperature control module 73 disposed on an inner wall of the centrifugal tank 72, a temperature sensor and a pH detector disposed inside the centrifugal tank 72, a biosurfactant feeding module disposed on one side of the reaction tank 71, an alkali liquor feeding module disposed on the other side of the reaction tank 71, a water supply device 74 for supplying water to the centrifugal tank 72, and an extraction device 75 for extracting cadmium-containing liquid from the centrifugal tank 72.
As shown in fig. 4, the soil sampling connecting rods 65 each include a connecting rod body, a soil shifting plate provided at a front end of the connecting rod body; the upper end face of the connecting rod body is provided with a rack 651, and a sliding chute 652 which is parallel to the rack 651 is arranged below the rack 651; the operating mechanism 66 comprises a telescopic motor 661 with a telescopic end connected with the chute 652, a sliding lifting lug 662 arranged at the connection position of the telescopic motor 661 and the chute 652, a power gear 663 arranged on the mounting bracket 64 and connected with the rack 651, clamping baffles 664 arranged at two sides of the power gear 663, and a driven support shaft 665 arranged on the mounting bracket 64 and positioned below the connecting rod body.
As shown in fig. 1, the moving vehicle frame 1 comprises a first vehicle frame 11 for installing the soil loosening assembly 2 and the feeding device 5, a second vehicle frame 12 for installing the soil pretreatment assembly 4 and the electrolytic soil taking device 6, a connecting piece 13 arranged on the first vehicle frame 11 and connected with an agricultural vehicle, and wheels arranged on the second vehicle frame 12.
As shown in fig. 1, the ripping assembly 2 includes ripping rollers 21 mounted on the first frame 11, ripping blades fixedly mounted on the ripping rollers 21, and a ripping power assembly provided on the first frame 11 to power the ripping rollers 21.
The adjusting assembly comprises a first sprayer and a second sprayer which are respectively used for spraying acid solution and alkaline solution to the soil of the soil conveying belt 42, and a soil pH detector and a soil humidity detector which are used for detecting the pH and the humidity of the soil.
As shown in fig. 1, the feeding device 5 includes a feeding roller 51, a feeding shovel 52 installed on the feeding roller 51 to feed the soil conveyer belt 42, and a feeding power assembly for supplying power to the feeding roller 51.
The alkali liquor feeding assembly comprises an alkali liquor storage tank, a first spray head connected with the alkali liquor storage tank and communicated with the centrifugal tank 72, and a power unit arranged at the joint of the spray head and the alkali liquor storage tank.
The water supply device 74 comprises a water storage cavity, a second nozzle connected with the water storage cavity and used for supplying water to the centrifugal tank 72, a flow valve arranged at the joint of the second nozzle and the water storage cavity, and a water supply negative pressure pump.
As shown in FIG. 5, the extracting apparatus 75 comprises a cadmium solution tank 751, a negative pressure liquid-taking tube 752 connected to the cadmium solution tank 751 and positioned at the center of the centrifugal pot 72, and a liquid-taking negative pressure pump provided at the connection of the cadmium solution tank 751 and the negative pressure liquid-taking tube 752.
Wherein, get liquid negative pressure pump, flow valve, water supply negative pressure pump, power pack, temperature sensor, pH detector, power component loosens the soil, soil pH detector, soil moisture detector, first transportation subassembly 42, second transportation subassembly, material loading power component, power supply module, temperature control assembly 73, first spray thrower, second spray thrower all adopt the subassembly of selling on the market.
The method for extracting cadmium by using the soil heavy metal cadmium extraction device comprises the following steps:
step one, soil pretreatment
After the soil loosening assembly 2 crushes the soil, the feeding device 5 sends the soil to the first transportation assembly 42, and the first sprayer and the second sprayer are utilized to spray electrolyte solution to the soil to be treated on the first transportation assembly 42, so that the water content of the soil reaches 20 percent, the pH value is 4, and the pretreatment is completed;
step two, soil retreatment
Conveying the soil pretreated in the first step into a collecting groove 61 through a first conveying assembly 42; adjusting the distance between the anode and the cathode to 1m by using the telescopic rod 63, and supplying 2.5A of current to the anode and the cathode by using a power supply assembly to perform electrolysis for 10 min; then, after the heavy metal soil is collected to the soil storage box 67 by using the soil taking connecting rod 65, the first transportation assembly 60 discharges the residual soil;
step three, separating heavy metal cadmium
Transferring the soil in the soil storage box 67 after the electrolysis treatment to a second extraction device 7 for extracting heavy metal cadmium; the water supply device 74 is used to add 3ml of the soil: 1g of water to give a mixture; a rhamnolipid biosurfactant with the proportion of 2mg/ml to the mixture is added into the mixture by utilizing a biosurfactant adding component; then regulating the pH value to 7 by an alkali liquor feeding component, and then carrying out centrifugal treatment for 10min at the temperature of 35 ℃ and under the condition of 3000 r/min; then the solution containing heavy metal cadmium is extracted by a negative pressure liquid taking tube 752 at 35 ℃ and 1000r/min to complete the separation of cadmium and soil.
It should be noted that: the system further comprises a controller unit, wherein the controller unit adopts a commercially available PLC controller and is used for controlling the liquid taking negative pressure pump, the flow valve, the water supply negative pressure pump, the power unit, the temperature sensor, the pH detector, the soil loosening power assembly, the soil pH detector, the soil humidity detector, the first transportation assembly 42, the second transportation assembly, the feeding power assembly, the power supply assembly, the temperature control assembly 73, the first sprayer and the second sprayer; and will not be described in detail herein.
Example 2: different from the embodiment 1, the method for extracting the heavy metal cadmium in the rice and wheat planting soil comprises the following steps:
step one, soil pretreatment
After the soil loosening assembly 2 crushes the soil, the feeding device 5 sends the soil to the first transportation assembly 42, and the adjusting assembly sprays electrolyte solution onto the first transportation assembly 42 to enable the water content of the soil to be 26% and the pH value to be 5;
step two, soil retreatment
Conveying the soil pretreated in the first step into a collecting groove 61 through a first conveying assembly 42; adjusting the distance between the anode and the cathode to 1m by using the telescopic rod 63, and supplying 3A current to the anode and the cathode by using a power supply assembly to perform electrolysis for 15 min; then, after the heavy metal soil is collected to a soil storage box by using the soil taking connecting rod 65, the first transportation assembly 60 discharges the residual soil;
step three, separating heavy metal cadmium
Transferring the soil in the soil storage box 67 after the electrolysis treatment to a second extraction device 7 for extracting heavy metal cadmium; the water supply device 74 is used for adding the mixture of the water and the soil into the centrifugal tank 71, wherein the ratio of the mixture to the soil is 10 ml: 1g of water to give a mixture; a rhamnolipid biosurfactant with the proportion of 5mg/ml to the mixture is added into the mixture by utilizing a biosurfactant adding component; then regulating the pH value to 10 by an alkali liquor feeding component, and centrifuging for 20min at 40 ℃ at 5000 r/min; then the solution containing heavy metal cadmium is extracted by a negative pressure liquid taking tube 752 at 35 ℃ and 1000r/min to complete the separation of cadmium and soil.
Example 3: different from the embodiment 1, the method for extracting the heavy metal cadmium in the rice and wheat planting soil comprises the following steps:
step one, soil pretreatment
After the soil loosening assembly 2 crushes the soil, the feeding device 5 sends the soil to the first transportation assembly 42, and the adjusting assembly sprays electrolyte solution onto the first transportation assembly 42 to enable the water content of the soil to be 23% and the pH value to be 4.5;
step two, soil retreatment
Conveying the soil pretreated in the first step into a collecting groove 61 through a first conveying assembly 42; adjusting the distance between the anode and the cathode to 1m by using the telescopic rod 63, and supplying 2.5A of current to the anode and the cathode by using a power supply assembly to perform electrolysis for 13 min; then, after the heavy metal soil is collected to the soil storage box 67 by using the soil taking connecting rod 65, the first transportation assembly 60 discharges the residual soil;
step three, separating heavy metal cadmium
Transferring the soil in the soil storage box 67 after the electrolysis treatment to a second extraction device 7 for extracting heavy metal cadmium; the water supply device 74 is used to add the mixture to the centrifuge tank 71 in a ratio of 6ml to the soil: 1g of water to give a mixture; a rhamnolipid biosurfactant with the proportion of 3.5mg/ml to the mixture is added into the mixture by utilizing a biosurfactant adding component; then regulating the pH value to 8 by an alkali liquor feeding component, and centrifuging for 15min at 37 ℃ under the condition of 4000 r/min; then the solution containing heavy metal cadmium is extracted by a negative pressure liquid taking tube 752 at 35 ℃ and 1000r/min to complete the separation of cadmium and soil.
Claims (10)
1. An extraction device for heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soil is characterized by comprising a first extraction device and a second extraction device, wherein the first extraction device is used for primarily extracting heavy metal cadmium from the planting soil, and the second extraction device (7) is used for secondarily extracting and separating the heavy metal cadmium;
the first extraction device comprises a movable frame (1) which can be connected with an agricultural vehicle, a soil collection extraction device (3) which is arranged on the movable frame (1), and a soil loosening assembly (2) which is arranged on the movable frame (1) and is positioned at the front end of the soil collection extraction device (3);
the soil sampling and extracting device (3) comprises a soil pretreatment component (4), a feeding device (5) which is arranged on the movable frame (1) and provides soil for the feeding end of the soil pretreatment component (4), and an electrolytic soil sampling device (6) which is arranged on the movable frame (1) and is used for collecting soil at the discharging end of the soil pretreatment component (4);
the soil pretreatment assembly (4) comprises a first transportation assembly (42) used for connecting the feeding device (5) and the electrolytic soil taking device (6), and an adjusting assembly (41) arranged on the first transportation assembly (42) and used for adjusting the pH value and the humidity of the soil;
the electrolytic soil taking device (6) comprises a material collecting groove (61) connected with the discharge end of the first transportation assembly (42), a second transportation assembly (60) arranged at the bottom end of the material collecting groove (61), an electrolytic transfer assembly used for carrying out electrolytic treatment on soil on the second transportation assembly (60), and a soil taking assembly used for collecting the soil treated by the electrolytic transfer assembly;
the electrolytic transfer assembly comprises a regulating frame positioned right above the second conveying assembly (60), an electrode arranged on the regulating frame, and a power supply assembly electrically connected with the electrode; the adjusting frame comprises an electrolytic repairing frame (62), and a telescopic rod (63) which is arranged on the electrolytic repairing frame (62) and is used for adjusting the electrode distance; the electrode comprises an anode arranged on the left side of the telescopic rod (63) and a cathode arranged on the right side of the telescopic rod (63);
the soil taking assembly comprises a mounting bracket (64) arranged on the right side of the electrolytic restoration frame (62), a plurality of groups of soil taking connecting rods (65) arranged on the mounting bracket (64), a control mechanism (66) arranged on the mounting bracket (64) and used for controlling the soil taking connecting rods (65) to take soil on the second transportation assembly (60), and a soil storage box (67) used for collecting heavy metal soil;
the second extraction element (7) includes retort (71) of being connected with depositing soil box (67), sets up retort (71) inside be used for extracting heavy metal cadmium's centrifugation jar (72), sets up temperature control subassembly (73) of centrifugation jar (72) inner wall, sets up at inside temperature sensor, the pH detector of centrifugation jar (72), sets up the biosurfactant of retort (71) one side and puts in the subassembly, sets up the alkali lye of retort (71) opposite side and puts in the subassembly, be used for to water supply installation (74) that centrifugation jar (72) supplied water for follow extraction element (75) that cadmium-containing liquid was drawed in centrifugation jar (72).
2. The device for extracting the heavy metal cadmium in the rice and wheat planting soil according to claim 1, wherein the soil taking connecting rods (65) each comprise a connecting rod body and a soil shifting plate arranged at the front end of the connecting rod body; the upper end face of the connecting rod body is provided with a rack (651), and a sliding groove (652) which is parallel to the rack (651) is arranged below the rack (651); the operating mechanism (66) comprises a telescopic motor (661) with a telescopic end connected with a sliding chute (652), a sliding lifting lug (662) arranged at the joint of the telescopic motor (661) and the sliding chute (652), a power gear (663) arranged on the mounting bracket (64) and connected with a rack (651), clamping baffles (664) arranged at two sides of the power gear (663), and a driven support shaft (665) arranged on the mounting bracket (64) and positioned below the connecting rod body.
3. The device for extracting the heavy metal cadmium from the soil for planting rice and wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moving frame (1) comprises a first frame (11) for installing the soil loosening assembly (2) and the feeding device (5), a second frame (12) for installing the soil pretreatment assembly (4) and the electrolytic soil taking device (6), a connecting piece (13) arranged on the first frame (11) and connected with the agricultural vehicle, and wheels arranged on the second frame (12).
4. The device for extracting the heavy metal cadmium in the rice and wheat planting soil as claimed in claim 3, wherein the soil loosening assembly (2) comprises soil loosening rollers (21) mounted on the first frame (11), soil loosening coulters fixedly mounted on the soil loosening rollers (21), and a soil loosening power assembly arranged on the first frame (11) and used for providing power for the soil loosening rollers (21).
5. The device for extracting the heavy metal cadmium from the soil for planting rice and wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjusting assembly (41) comprises a first sprayer and a second sprayer for spraying the acidic solution and the alkaline solution to the soil of the first transporting assembly (42), and a soil pH detector and a soil moisture detector for detecting the pH and the moisture of the soil.
6. The device for extracting the heavy metal cadmium from the soil for planting rice and wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding device (5) comprises a feeding roller (51), a feeding shovel (52) arranged on the feeding roller (51) and used for feeding the soil conveyor belt (42), and a feeding power assembly used for providing power for the feeding roller (51).
7. The device for extracting the heavy metal cadmium in the soil for planting rice and wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkali liquor feeding assembly comprises an alkali liquor storage tank, a first spray head connected with the alkali liquor storage tank and communicated with the centrifugal tank (72), and a power unit arranged at the joint of the spray head and the alkali liquor storage tank.
8. The device for extracting the heavy metal cadmium from the rice and wheat planting soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water supply device (74) comprises a water storage cavity, a second spray head connected with the water storage cavity and supplying water to the centrifugal tank (72), and a flow valve and a water supply negative pressure pump arranged at the connection position of the second spray head and the water storage cavity.
9. The device for extracting heavy metal cadmium from soil for rice and wheat planting according to claim 1, wherein the extraction device (75) comprises a cadmium solution storage tank (751), a negative pressure liquid taking pipe (752) connected with the cadmium solution storage tank (751) and located at the center of the centrifugal tank (72), and a liquid taking negative pressure pump arranged at the connection position of the cadmium solution storage tank (751) and the negative pressure liquid taking pipe (752).
10. The method for extracting cadmium by using the extraction device for the heavy metal cadmium in the soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, soil pretreatment
The soil loosening assembly (2) crushes soil, the soil is conveyed to the first conveying assembly (42) by the rear feeding device (5), and the electrolyte solution is sprayed onto the first conveying assembly (42) by the adjusting assembly, so that the water content of the soil is 20% -26%, and the pH value is 4-5;
step two, soil retreatment
Carrying out electrolytic treatment on the soil pretreated in the step one through an electrolytic transfer assembly;
step three, separating heavy metal cadmium
Transferring the electrolyzed soil to a second extraction device (7) for extracting heavy metal cadmium.
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| CN202011551323.1A CN112588805B (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2020-12-24 | Extraction device and extraction method for heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soil |
| JP2021204887A JP7061244B1 (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2021-12-17 | Extraction / separation device for heavy metal cadmium in rice and wheat planting soil, and extraction / separation method |
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| JP2022101500A (en) | 2022-07-06 |
| CN112588805B (en) | 2022-01-11 |
| JP7061244B1 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
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