JP7001478B2 - 手術装置用の照明システム - Google Patents
手術装置用の照明システム Download PDFInfo
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- A61B1/3132—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes for laparoscopy
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- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/07—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements using light-conductive means, e.g. optical fibres
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Description
Δ(r)%=100×[n(r)2-nREF 2)]/2n(r)2
として定義され、ここで、n(r)は、特に明記しない限り、半径rにおける屈折率である。相対屈折率パーセントは、特に明記しない限り、850nmにおいて定められる。1つの態様では、基準屈折率nREFは、850nmにおいて1.452498の屈折率を有するシリカガラスであり、別の態様では、850nmにおけるクラッドガラスの最大屈折率である。本明細書において用いられる相対屈折率は、Δによって表され、その値は、特に明記しない限り、「%」の単位で与えられる。或る領域の屈折率が基準屈折率nREFより小さい場合には、相対屈折率パーセントは負であり、低下した領域、即ち低下した屈折率を有するものとして参照され、最小相対屈折率は、特に明記しない限り、相対屈折率が最も負である点において算出される。或る領域の屈折率が基準屈折率nREFより大きい場合には、相対屈折率パーセントは正であり、その領域は、上昇した領域である、即ち正の屈折率を有すると言える。
Δ(r)=Δ(ro)(1-[|r-ro|/(r1-ro)]α)
式中、roはΔ(r)が最大になる点であり、r1はΔ(r)%が0になる点であり、rはr1≦r≦rfの範囲内であり、Δは上述の定義の通りであり、r1はαプロファイルの最初の点であり、rfはαプロファイルの最後の点であり、αは実数である指数である。
手術装置用の照明システムにおいて、
光透過材料でできた管状体であって、周囲壁と、遠位端部と、近位端部と、前記遠位端部と前記近位端部との間に延びる少なくとも1つの内孔とを含む管状体、
200nm~2000nmの少なくとも1つの波長を有する光を発生する光源、および、
前記少なくとも1つの内孔内に配設された少なくとも1つの光拡散光ファイバであって、コアと、一次クラッドと、複数のナノサイズ構造とを有し、外面と、前記光源に光学的に結合された端部とを更に含む少なくとも1つの光拡散光ファイバ
を含み、
前記ファイバが、その長さにわたって略均一な放射を発する長さを有する光源ファイバ部を構成するために、導光される光を前記ナノサイズ構造によって前記コアから離れる方向に前記外面を通して散乱させるよう構成されたことを特徴とする照明システム。
前記光拡散光ファイバが、散乱によって生じる約50dB/kmを超える減衰を有する、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記管状体を解剖学的構造体内へと案内するよう構成された外科的導入器を更に含む、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記管状体が、前記遠位端部と前記近位端部との間に延びる第2の内孔を更に含む、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記光拡散光ファイバの放射が、最小散乱照度と最大散乱照度との間の差が該最大散乱照度の約30%未満となるよう略均一である、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記光拡散光ファイバが、散乱によって生じる約100dB/km~約6,000dB/kmの減衰を有する、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記ナノサイズ構造が、前記コア内に、またはコア-クラッド境界に位置する、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記コア全体がナノサイズ構造を有する、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記光拡散光ファイバの前記コアがシリカを含む、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記ナノサイズ構造が前記コア内に位置する、実施形態7記載の照明システム。
前記光拡散光ファイバの前記コアが、ゲルマニウムおよびフッ素から成る群から選択されるドーパントが添加されたシリカを含む、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記クラッドがシリカ系ガラスまたはポリマーを含み、前記クラッドが少なくとも約20μmの厚さを有する、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
略均一な散乱強度を提供するための、前記クラッドを囲むコーティング内に設けられた蛍光種および/または散乱種を更に含む、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記光源が、200~500nmの波長範囲内の光を発生し、前記蛍光種および/または散乱種が、白色光、緑色光、赤色光、または近赤外(NIR)光を発生する、実施形態12記載の照明システム。
前記ナノサイズ構造が、ガスが充填された約10nmより大きい直径を有する空隙である、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記複数のナノサイズ構造が、コア-クラッド境界にナノ構造領域を形成し、該ナノ構造領域が、少なくとも約7.0μmの幅を有する前記ナノサイズ構造を含み、前記クラッドが少なくとも約125μmの直径を有する、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記光源に光学的に結合された前記端部とは反対側の前記少なくとも1つの光拡散光ファイバの端部が反射コーティングでコーティングされた、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記光源に光学的に結合された前記端部とは反対側の前記少なくとも1つのシリンダ形状の光拡散器の端部が吸収コーティングでコーティングされた、実施形態1記載の照明システム。
前記光源が約400nm~約500nmの少なくとも1つの波長を有する光を発生する、実施形態1記載のシステム。
解剖学的構造体を照明する方法において、
光透過材料でできた管状体の少なくとも一部を、解剖学的構造体の内部に挿入する工程であって、前記管状体が、
周囲壁と、遠位端部と、近位端部と、前記遠位端部と前記近位端部との間に延びる少なくとも1つの内孔であって、前記遠位端部における開口部および前記近位端部における開口部を有する少なくとも1つの内孔と、
前記少なくとも1つの内孔内に配設された少なくとも1つの光拡散光ファイバであって、コアと、一次クラッドと、複数のナノサイズ構造とを有し、外面と、光源に光学的に結合された端部とを更に含み、その長さにわたって略均一な放射を発する長さを有する光源ファイバ部を構成するために、導光される光を前記ナノサイズ構造によって前記コアから離れる方向に前記外面を通して散乱させるよう構成された、少なくとも1つの光拡散光ファイバと
を含む、工程と、
前記光源からの光を、前記光源に光学的に結合された前記少なくとも1つの光拡散光ファイバの前記端部に導入し、前記光を前記ファイバの外面を通して発して、前記光源ファイバ部をその長さにわたって照明する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする方法。
前記解剖学的構造体が透照されるように、該解剖学的構造体の一部を照明する工程を更に含む、実施形態20記載の方法。
前記ファイバの外面を通して発せられた光が前記解剖学的構造体によって反射されるように、該解剖学的構造体の一部を照明する工程を更に含む、実施形態20記載の方法。
手術中に操作者が前記解剖学的構造体の一部に接触することを回避できるように、前記解剖学的構造体の前記一部を照明する工程を更に含む、実施形態20記載の方法。
手術中に操作者が前記解剖学的構造体の一部を標的にできるように、前記解剖学的構造体の前記一部を照明する工程を更に含む、実施形態20記載の方法。
前記光拡散光ファイバが、散乱によって生じる約50dB/kmを超える減衰を有する、実施形態20記載の方法。
前記光源からの光を導入する前記工程が、約400nm~約500nmの少なくとも1つの波長を有する光を導入することを含む、実施形態20記載の方法。
前記光源からの光を導入する前記工程が、前記医療用装置の少なくとも一部が患者の体内に配置されている間に行われる、実施形態20記載の方法。
前記光源からの光を導入する前記工程が、約400nm~約500nmの少なくとも1つの波長を有する光を導入することを含む、実施形態27記載の方法。
20 コア
22 中実の中心領域
26 ナノ構造リング部分
28 中実の外側部分(コア内側環状領域)
31 ガラスマトリックス
32 ナノサイズ構造
40 クラッド
44 コーティング
48 側面
100、200 管状体
102 少なくとも1つの内孔
Claims (8)
- 手術装置用の照明システムにおいて、
光透過材料でできた管状体であって、周囲壁と、遠位端部と、近位端部と、前記遠位端部と前記近位端部との間に延びる少なくとも1つの内孔とを含む管状体、
200nm~2000nmの少なくとも1つの波長を有する光を発生する光源、および、
前記少なくとも1つの内孔内に配設された少なくとも1つの光拡散光ファイバであって、コアと、一次クラッドと、複数のナノサイズ構造とを有し、外面と、前記光源に光学的に結合された端部とを更に含む少なくとも1つの光拡散光ファイバ
を含み、
前記光拡散光ファイバが、その長さにわたって略均一な放射を発する長さを有する光源ファイバ部を構成するために、導光される光を前記ナノサイズ構造によって前記コアから離れる方向に前記外面を通して散乱させるよう構成され、
前記光拡散光ファイバから散乱された光は、細菌を含む組織または体液を殺菌するように400nm~500nmの波長範囲を有し、
前記光拡散光ファイバが、50dB/kmよりも大きな散乱損失を有することを特徴とする照明システム。 - 前記管状体を解剖学的構造体内へと案内するよう構成された外科的導入器を更に含む、請求項1記載の照明システム。
- 前記管状体が、前記遠位端部と前記近位端部との間に延びる第2の内孔を更に含む、請求項1記載の照明システム。
- 前記ナノサイズ構造が、前記コア内に、またはコア-クラッド境界に位置する、請求項1記載の照明システム。
- 略均一な散乱強度を提供するための、前記クラッドを囲むコーティング内に設けられた蛍光種および/または散乱種を更に含む、請求項1記載の照明システム。
- 前記光源が、200~500nmの波長範囲内の光を発生する、請求項5記載の照明システム。
- 前記光源に光学的に結合された前記端部とは反対側の前記少なくとも1つのシリンダ形状の光拡散器の端部が反射コーティングおよび吸収コーティングのうちの一方でコーティングされた、請求項1記載の照明システム。
- 前記光源が約400nm~約500nmの少なくとも1つの波長を有する光を発生する、請求項1記載の照明システム。
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