JP6940787B2 - 排ガス浄化フィルタ - Google Patents
排ガス浄化フィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6940787B2 JP6940787B2 JP2019141521A JP2019141521A JP6940787B2 JP 6940787 B2 JP6940787 B2 JP 6940787B2 JP 2019141521 A JP2019141521 A JP 2019141521A JP 2019141521 A JP2019141521 A JP 2019141521A JP 6940787 B2 JP6940787 B2 JP 6940787B2
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- partition wall
- exhaust gas
- gas purification
- filter
- purification filter
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Images
Classifications
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
- F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
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- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
- B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
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- B01D46/2451—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure
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- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
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- B01D46/2425—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material
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- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2451—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure
- B01D46/2455—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure of the whole honeycomb or segments
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
- F01N2330/32—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details characterised by the shape, form or number of corrugations of plates, sheets or foils
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
上記隔壁は、
非接触式の面粗さ測定による上記隔壁表面の体積パラメータである突出谷部(123)の空間体積Vvvおよび突出山部(124)の実体体積Vmpの合計値が、1.8μm3/μm2以下である、排ガス浄化フィルタ(1)にある。
実施形態1の排ガス浄化フィルタ1について、図1〜図12を用いて説明する。なお、図1〜図3に示される両端矢印の方向を排ガス浄化フィルタ1のフィルタ軸方向Xとする。
隔壁12の気孔率(%)=総気孔容積/(総気孔容積+1/隔壁材料の真比重)×100
なお、隔壁材料がコーディエライトの場合、コーディエライトの真比重としては2.52を用いることができる。
−排ガス浄化フィルタの作製−
本実験例では、上述した排ガス浄化フィルタの製造方法に従い、後述する表1に示すコーディエライト製の排ガス浄化フィルタからなる試験体1〜10を作製した。なお、本実験例では、隔壁に触媒層は形成していない。
各試験体について、上述した測定方法に従って、排ガス流入側の隔壁表面について非接触式の面粗さ測定を行い、隔壁表面における突出谷部の空間体積Vvvおよび突出山部の実体体積Vmpの合計値を算出した。この際、非接触式の面粗さ測定は、オリンパス社製のレーザー深度顕微鏡(非接触式表面粗さ測定機)「OLS4100」を用いた。この際、OLS4100の解析ソフトによる4視野の画像の結合は、「データ処理」の中の「画像貼り合わせ」により実施した。画像貼り合わせ時には、「重なり幅」を3%とするとともに、「画像間のつなぎ目補正を行う」および「輝度画像の明るさを均一にする」を選択した。また、結合させた画像における高さおよび深さ情報のノイズ除去にあたり、除去対象とする輝度の閾値は「自動判定」とし、除去領域は「全領域」とした。
(初期PM捕集率)
初期PM捕集率は、具体的には、次のように測定した。図13に示されるように、配管部91と、試験体の排ガス浄化フィルタ1が内部に収容されるケース部92と、配管部91とケース部92との間を繋ぐコーン部93と、を有する試験装置9を準備した。ケース部92の上流側の配管部91は、排ガスを発生させるエンジンEに接続されている。本実験例では、エンジンEには、ガソリン直噴エンジン(排気量2.0L、ターボ、4気筒)を用いた。また、ケース部92の上流側の配管部91には、上流側PM粒子数カウンタ941、および、温度センサ95をそれぞれ設置した。一方、ケース部92の下流側の配管部91には、下流側PM粒子数カウンタ951を設置した。上流側PM粒子数カウンタ941、下流側PM粒子数カウンタ951には、AVL社製の「AVL−489」を用いた。そして、試験体の排ガス浄化フィルタ1にエンジンEから排出される排ガスを流した。このとき、試験体の排ガス浄化フィルタ1に流入する前の排ガス中のPM数であるNin、試験体の排ガス浄化フィルタから流出する排ガス中のPM数であるNoutを測定し、100×{1−(Nin−Nout)/Nin}の式より、初期PM捕集率を算出した。なお、測定条件は、温度約500℃、吸入空気量25g/secとした。また、上記の測定には、PMおよび灰分が堆積していない初期状態、かつ、触媒がコートされていない排ガス浄化フィルタ1を用いた。
初期圧損は、具体的には、次のように測定した。図14に示されるように、配管部91と、試験体の排ガス浄化フィルタ1が内部に収容されるケース部92と、配管部91とケース部92との間を繋ぐコーン部93と、を有する試験装置9を準備した。ケース部92の上流側の配管部91は、排ガスを発生させるエンジンEに接続されている。本実験例では、エンジンEには、ガソリン直噴エンジン(排気量2.0L、ターボ、4気筒)を用いた。また、試験装置9に上流側圧力センサ961および下流側圧力センサ971をそれぞれ設置し、試験体の排ガス浄化フィルタ1前後の圧力を測定可能に構成した。上流側圧力センサ961、下流側圧力センサ971には、いずれも、東京航空計器社製の「DG−932−C」を用いた。なお、符合961Tは、上流側圧力センサ961のためのサージタンク、符合971Tは、下流側圧力センサ971のためのサージタンクである。また、ケース部92の上流側の配管部91には、上流側A/Fセンサ981、ケース部92の下流側の配管部91には、下流側A/Fセンサ991がそれぞれ設置されている。そして、上流側圧力センサ961と下流側圧力センサ971とにより、試験体の排ガス浄化フィルタ1前(上流)の圧力と排ガス浄化フィルタ1後(下流)の圧力とを測定し、その差分を圧損とした。この際、測定条件は、A/F:14.6±0.3、吸入空気量:100g/sec、エンジンEの回転数:4500rpmの条件にて制御した。その際の温度は、排ガス温度が700〜750℃、試験体の排ガス浄化フィルタの中心温度が600〜650℃であった。また、上記の測定には、PMおよび灰分が堆積していない初期状態、かつ、触媒がコートされていない排ガス浄化フィルタ1を用いた。
灰分堆積後の圧損変化率は、具体的には、次のように測定した。ガソリン直噴エンジン(排気量2.0L、ターボ、4気筒)の排気通路に試験体の排ガス浄化フィルタを組付けた。そして、隔壁への灰分堆積を加速させるため、上記エンジンへ燃料(市販のハイオクガソリン)を供給する燃料供給系にエンジンオイル(トヨタ自動車社製、「CASTLE SN5W−30」)を0.48L/時間にて添加するようにした。そして、A/Fを14.5±0.4の範囲内にて制御し、試験体の排ガス浄化フィルタに、時間あたり1.3g/Lの堆積レートにて灰分を堆積させた。具体的には、灰分の堆積は、エンジン回転数:2500prm、インテークマニホールド圧:−10kPaにて9分間PMを堆積させるというPM堆積工程を実施した後、燃料供給をカットし、フィルタ温度が900℃を超えないように、エンジン回転数:2500prm、インテークマニホールド圧:−90kPaにて1分間PMを燃焼させて再生処理を行うという再生処理工程とを繰り返すことにより実施した。この際、灰分堆積量は、適宜、排ガス浄化フィルタを排気通路から取り出し、オフラインの電子天秤にて重量を測定することにより把握した。このように、PMおよび灰分が堆積していない初期状態、かつ、触媒がコートされていない排ガス浄化フィルタに対して、PMの再生処理を繰り返し行いながら、灰分を60g/L堆積させた。
11 セル
12 隔壁
13 封止部
123 非接触式の面粗さ測定による隔壁表面の突出谷部
124 非接触式の面粗さ測定による隔壁表面の突出山部
Claims (4)
- フィルタ軸方向(X)に延びる複数のセル(11)と、複数の上記セルを区画形成する多孔質の隔壁(12)と、フィルタ両端部において複数の上記セルを交互に目封じする封止部(13)と、を有する排ガス浄化フィルタ(1)であって、
上記隔壁は、
非接触式の面粗さ測定による上記隔壁表面の体積パラメータである突出谷部(123)の空間体積Vvvおよび突出山部(124)の実体体積Vmpの合計値が、1.8μm3/μm2以下である、排ガス浄化フィルタ(1)。 - 上記隔壁の平均気孔径が12μm以上である、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化フィルタ。
- 上記隔壁の気孔率が50%以上である、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化フィルタ。
- 上記隔壁は、
上記隔壁を挟んで隣接する上記セル間を連通させる連通気孔(121)を有しており、当該連通気孔の屈曲度が1.4未満である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化フィルタ。
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