JP6921755B2 - 脳腫瘍幹細胞の成長、遊走および浸潤性を低下させ脳腫瘍患者の生存率を改善する方法および組成物 - Google Patents
脳腫瘍幹細胞の成長、遊走および浸潤性を低下させ脳腫瘍患者の生存率を改善する方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2014年12月10日に出願された「METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR REDUCING GROWTH,MIGRATION AND INVASIVENESS OF BRAIN CANCER STEM CELLS AND IMPROVING SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMORS」と題する米国仮特許出願第62/090,029号に対する優先権の利益を主張するものであり、上記出願の内容は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
癌は、細胞数(増殖)または細胞サイズの点で細胞が異常に成長し、身体の他の部位へ浸潤または拡散する(転移)可能性のある疾患である。癌細胞増殖はよく知られているが、転移を引き起こす機序(1つまたは複数)についてはよく知られていない。癌はゲノムが変化する疾患であり、具体的には、DNA配列の変化、コピー数の異常、染色体再配列およびDNAメチル化の修飾がヒト悪性腫瘍の発生および進行を引き起こす。(The Cancer Genome Atlas Network(TCGA),Nature 2008,455(23):1061−68。)
神経膠腫は、脳または脊椎のグリア細胞から生じる腫瘍の一種である。神経膠腫が最もよくみられる部位は脳である。神経膠腫は、脳および中枢神経系の腫瘍全体の約30%を占め、悪性脳腫瘍全体の80%を占めている。
WHOグレードIV、分類名「膠芽腫」の悪性神経膠腫である多形神経膠芽腫(GBM)は、成人に最もよくみられ最も侵襲性の高い原発性脳腫瘍である。GBMはグリア細胞から発生し、びまん性星細胞系腫瘍全体の40%〜60%、頭蓋内腫瘍性病変全体の10%〜15%を占める。この腫瘍の生物学的特徴の代表的なものとして、顕著な増殖性、活発な浸潤性および旺盛な血管新生が挙げられる。(Nakada,M.ら,Cancers,2011,3:3242−3278)。GBMは、分化に乏しい腫瘍性星状膠細胞からなる。GBMの組織病理学的診断には微小血管の増殖および/または壊死の存在が不可欠である。
GBMの侵襲性の増殖、活発な浸潤性および血管新生は主として、腫瘍のシグナル伝達経路の大幅な調節解除に起因する。
神経膠腫と関係のある主要なシグナル伝達経路が数種類あることがわかっている(Nakada,M.ら,Cancers,2011,3:3242−3278)。
RTK/P13K/Akt経路は、増殖、成長、アポトーシスおよび細胞骨格再構成など様々な基本的な細胞プロセスを調節している。この経路には、受容体チロシンキナーゼ(RTK)、例えば上皮成長因子受容体(EGFR)、血小板由来成長因子受容体(PDGFR)および血管内皮成長因子受容体(VEGFR)などのほかにも、腫瘍抑制因子であるプロテインホスファターゼ、例えばホスファターゼ・テンシン・ホモログ(PTEN)ならびにプロテインキナーゼのPI3K、AktおよびmTORが関与している。受容体チロシンキナーゼ経路(RTK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR経路)を図1に示す。
p53遺伝子は、多様な細胞ストレスに応答して細胞周期の停止、細胞死、細胞分化、老化、DNA修復および血管新生を誘導する標的遺伝子を調節するタンパク質をコードする。DNAが損傷を受けると、p53が活性化され、G1期の細胞周期進行の調節因子として機能する遺伝子(p21Waf1/Cip1など)の転写が誘導される。Mouse Double Minute 2ホモログ(MDM2)発癌遺伝子は、p53遺伝子と強固な複合体を形成することによってp53転写活性を阻害し、p53の分解に関与する。p14ARF遺伝子は、MDM2に直接結合しMDM2を介したp53分解を阻害するタンパク質をコードする。次にp14ARFの発現がp53によって負に調節される。したがって、p53遺伝子、MDM2遺伝子またはp14ARF遺伝子のいずれかの発現に異常が生じることによってp14ARF/MDM2/p53の不活性化が起こる。p53経路は続発性GBMの発生に極めて重要な役割を果たしている。p53遺伝子は神経膠腫で最もよく変異が認められるp53経路遺伝子であるが、この経路の他の遺伝子に及ぶ分子レベルの異常についても記載されている。(Nakada,M.ら,Cancers,2011,3:3242−3278)。p14ARF/MDM2/p53経路を図2に示す。
RB(網膜芽細胞腫抑制タンパク質)経路は、p53経路と同じように細胞周期の移行および進行を抑制する。RB1(13q14)がコードする107kDaのRB1タンパク質は、細胞周期のG1期からS期への進行を制御する(Serrano,M.ら,Nature,1993,366:704−707)。CDKN2Aタンパク質(すなわち、サイクリン依存性キナーゼ阻害因子2Aであるp16INK4a)はサイクリン依存性キナーゼ4(CDK4)に結合してCDK4/サイクリンD1複合体を阻害し、これにより細胞周期のG1期からS期への移行を阻害する。したがって、RB1、CDK4またはCDKN2Aに異常があると、G1−S期移行の調節異常が起こり得る。しかし、RB経路のみに異常が生じても腫瘍形成を誘導するには不十分である。EGFRの増幅はPI3K成長促進経路を増強し、通常、CDKN2A欠失と関連がある。TCGAの研究によれば、CDKN2A欠失は典型的サブタイプのGBMと関係がある。(Nakada,M.ら,Cancers,2011,3:3242−3278)。RB経路を図2に示す。
RAS(ラット肉腫)タンパク質は、RTKおよび神経線維腫症1型腫瘍抑制遺伝子(NF−1)によって制御されるオン/オフ(RAS−GDP/RAS−GTP)スイッチとして働く。活性化されたRAS(RAS−GTP)は次いでセリン/トレオニンキナーゼであるRAFを活性化させる。RAFは、MEKとも呼ばれるマイトジェン活性化プロテインキナーゼキナーゼ(MAPKK)を活性化させ、次いでこれがMAPKを活性化させる。MAPKの活性化により、Elk1、c−myc、Ets、STAT1/3およびPPARなどの様々な転写因子が活性化される。
WNT遺伝子がコードするタンパク質は正常な胚発生に何らかの役割を果たしている。このタンパク質が制御する胚発生過程としては、体軸パターンの形成、細胞運命の決定、細胞増殖および細胞遊走が挙げられる。これらの過程は、骨、心臓および筋肉を含めた重要な組織が正しく形成されるのに必要なものである。Wntシグナル伝達経路は複雑な経路であり、その活性化に異常がみられる悪性腫瘍は実に多岐にわたる。Wntタンパク質は腫瘍形成にも関与することがわかっており、Wnt経路の活性化に異常があると、乳癌、前立腺癌、膠芽腫をはじめとする癌を含めた数種類の癌が発生する。(Camilli,T.C.,Biochem.2010,Pharmacol.80(5):702−711;Polakis P.,Curr Opin Genet Dev 2007:17(1):45−51)。
古典的Wntシグナル伝達経路は十分に確立されたβ−カテニン依存性シグナル伝達経路であり、重要なメディエーターとしてβ−カテニンを含む。Wntシグナル伝達の不在下では、足場タンパク質であるアキシン(Axin)および腫瘍抑制遺伝子産物であるAPC(腺腫性大腸ポリポーシス)を含めた数種類のタンパク質によって形成される「分解複合体」の中のカゼインキナーゼ1(CK1)およびグリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ3ベータ(GSK3β)によってβ−カテニンがリン酸化される。次いで、リン酸化されたβ−カテニンがユビキチン化機構によって認識され、プロテアソームに送られ分解される。Wntがその受容体FzおよびLrp5/6に結合すると、Lrp5/6がリン酸化され、Dishevelledが活性化されて、β−カテニン「分解複合体」の不活性化または分解が起こり、これによりβ−カテニンのリン酸化が低下し、β−カテニンが安定化する。次いで、安定化したβ−カテニンが核に移行し、そこでLef(リンパ系増強転写因子(Lymphoid enhanced transcription factor))およびTcf(T細胞因子)と結合することによって下流の遺伝子発現を調節し、これにより、増殖および腫瘍進行に関与するWnt標的遺伝子の転写が起こる。経路のメンバーのなかには、Wntシグナル伝達とは独立して調節され得るものがいくつかある。例えば、GSK−3βはILK(インテグリン結合キナーゼ)によって阻害され得るメンバーであり、その発現を調節する多数の経路が交わる部分に存在する。古典的Wntタンパク質としては、Wnt1、Wnt2、Wnt3a、Wnt8a、Wnt8b、Wnt10a、Wnt10bが挙げられる(Jiar CH,J Oral Pathol.Med.,2012,41(4):332−339)。
β−カテニンが安定化して分解されなくなり、最終的には核内に蓄積することは、分化が不十分な形態(Endo Kら,Hum Pathol 2003,31(5):558−565)、高い増殖活性(Inagawa S.ら,Clin Cancer Res 2002,8(2):450−456)および予後不良(Wang CMら,Cancer 2001,92(1):136−145)と関係があることがわかっている。β−カテニンの運命、すなわちその蓄積または分解は、多数のタンパク質によって調節されており、そのタンパク質が適切に調節または発現されないと、それが癌におけるβ−カテニン発現の増大の主な原因となる。この調節異常は、シグナル伝達経路の様々なメンバーの変異またはエピジェネティックな事象が原因となって起こり得るものである。Wntそのものが変異することはまれである。しかし、癌では、下流の標的に影響を及ぼす変異が極めて頻繁にみられる。
非古典的シグナル伝達経路は、β−カテニンを介する転写を促進しないあらゆるWnt活性化細胞シグナル伝達経路を包括した用語であり、そのような経路が多数確認されている。古典的Wntとは異なり、非古典的経路は乳腺上皮細胞を形質転換させることができず、主に細胞の移動および極性に関与すると考えられている(Veeman MTら,Curr Biol 2003,13(8):680−685;Kikuchi Aら,Cancer Sci 2008,99(2):202−208)。主要な非古典的Wnt経路には少なくとも、平面内細胞極性(PCP)経路およびWnt/Ca2+経路の2種類がある。ただ、両経路ともWnt5AおよびROR2などの重要な分子が含まれているため、ヒト癌のWnt/PCP経路とWnt/Ca2+経路を判別することは極めて困難である。
Wnt経路の活性化は分泌型Wnt阻害因子によって調節されている(Miller JRら,Oncogene 1999,18(55):7860−72)。これらの阻害因子は、Wntリガンドとその受容体または共受容体との結合に影響を及ぼす。このようなWntアンタゴニストとしては、Wntタンパク質と直接結合する分泌型frizzled関連タンパク質(sFRP)のメンバーおよびWnt共受容体LRPと結合するDikkopf(Dkk)ファミリーのメンバーが挙げられる。結腸直腸癌を含めたいくつかの癌でsFRPの転写休止が検出されている(Suzuki Hら,2002,31(2):141−9)。このほか、DkkファミリーのメンバーがWntシグナル伝達に対して阻害作用を有することが明らかにされている(Wu,Wら,Curr Biol 2000,10(24):611−1614)。
Wnt5aは、様々な受容体の存在下で様々な作用を示すように、癌の種類に応じて腫瘍抑制機能または発癌機能のいずれかを有することが明らかにされている。例えば、結腸直腸癌、乳管癌、白血病および神経芽腫ではWnt5aの発現がダウンレギュレートされる。(Blanc,E.ら,Oncol Rep.,2005 14(6):1583−1588)。これとは逆に、胃癌、膵癌、非小細胞肺癌および前立腺癌ではWnt5aが過剰発現することが明らかにされている。転移性の強いメラノーマ細胞ではWnt5a遺伝子発現が増大することがわかっており、発現の増大によって遊走性が増大する。(Weeraratna ATら,Cancer Cell,2002,1(3):279−288)。
免疫組織化学的解析から、ヒトGBMでのWnt5a発現は正常な脳組織および低悪性度の星状細胞腫よりも高いことが明らかにされている。Wnt5aが過剰発現すると、in vitroのGBM−05細胞およびU87MG細胞の増殖が増大した。これに対し、RNA干渉によってWnt5a発現がダウンレギュレートされると、in vitroのGBM−05細胞およびU87MG細胞の増殖が低下し、in vivoのこれらの細胞の腫瘍形成能が低下した。以上のデータから、Wnt5aシグナル伝達がヒト神経膠腫細胞の増殖の重要な調節因子のひとつであることが示唆される(Yu,J.M.ら,Cancer Lett.,2007,257(2):172−181)。
幹細胞は従来、分化した細胞の損失が極めて激しく、多量に補充する必要が生じやすい組織、例えば皮膚(Huelskenら,Cell 105:533−45,2001)、腸上皮(Pottenら,Development 110:1001−20,1990)および血液(Morrisonら,Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 11:3−71,1995)にのみ存在すると考えてきた。実際、成体幹細胞の最もよく知られた例が造血幹細胞(HSC)であり、HSCは骨髄にみられ、究極的には動物の全生涯を通じてあらゆる種類の血液細胞の発生に寄与する(Morrisonら,上記;Weissman,Cell 100:157−68,2000;Weissman,Science 287:1442−6,2000)。成体の中枢神経系(CNS)は神経細胞死があまりみられず、再生能はないと考えられていたため、神経幹細胞が存在する可能性は低く、かつその必要もないものと思われていた。しかし、1992年、2つの独立したグループが、成体哺乳動物のCNS内に新たなニューロンを生じる能力のある前駆細胞が存在することを示すことに成功した(ReynoldsおよびWeiss,Science 255:1707−10,1992;Richardsら,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:8591−5,1992)。この新たなニューロンの発生源は、成体哺乳動物CNSの脳室内の中枢神経軸全体を裏打ちする幹細胞であることが明らかにされた(ReynoldsおよびWeiss,1992)。
CD133は、多様な正常組織および癌の種類の幹細胞のマーカーであると考えられている。脳腫瘍に関しては、Singhらが、幹細胞特性を有し、免疫不全マウスの脳内に移植しても自己複製および元の腫瘍の正確な再現が可能なCD133陽性腫瘍細胞集団について初めて記載している(Singh SKら,Nature 2004,432:396−401;Singh SKら,Cancer Res 2003,63:5821−5828)。GCSCの推定マーカーとしてはほかにも、L1CAM、CD44、CD15、インテグリンα6(Brescia P.,J Carcinogene Mutagene 2011,S1)およびEphA2(Binda E.ら,Cancer Cell 2012,22(6):765−780)がある。幹細胞様特性を有するCD133陽性神経膠腫細胞の成長および生存の維持には神経細胞接着分子L1CAM(L1、CD171)が必要である。様々な種類の腫瘍の癌幹細胞を同定するのに細胞表面マーカーCD44が利用できることを示した報告が、膠芽腫の幹細胞マーカーとしてCD44を使用した例(Anido Jら,Cancer Cell 2010,18:656−668)を含め、いくつかある。CD15は、腫瘍イニシエーション能を有する細胞に選択的に発現する細胞表面タンパク質である。インテグリンα6は、微小環境内でラミニン発現内皮細胞と相互作用するのに重要な細胞外マトリックスの構成成分の1つであり、神経膠腫の幹細胞維持にはインテグリンα6と接触していることが重要である。インテグリン−α6とラミニンとの相互作用は、成体脳の側脳室の脳室下帯(SVZ)で重要な役割を担っていることが報告されている。EphA2受容体チロシンキナーゼは、hGBM TPCに過剰発現し、hGBM TPCの自己複製および腫瘍形成を引き起こす(Binda E.ら,Cancer Cell 2012,22(6):765−780)。
GCSCは、自己複製、脳腫瘍イニシエーション能、神経幹細胞マーカーの発現のほか、星状細胞または乏突起膠細胞の表現型を有する細胞に分化する能力である多能性によって識別される。GCSCは、神経幹細胞および神経前駆細胞に特異的な抗原、具体的にはネスチン、CD133(プロミニン−1)、Musashi−1およびBmi−1を発現する。ソニックヘッジホッグホモログ(SHH)およびNotchは神経前駆細胞の重要な調節因子であり、GCSCにはその異常または過剰発現がみられることがわかっている(Nakadaら,Cancer,2011,3:3242−3278)。図6に神経膠腫癌幹細胞の経路を示す。
本明細書で使用される「投与すること」または「投与」という用語は、物質を投与または塗布することを意味するのに互換的に使用され、in vivo投与のほかにも、組織にex vivoで直接投与することを包含する。
アラニン(A)、セリン(S)、トレオニン(T);
アスパラギン酸(D)、グルタミン酸(E);
アスパラギン(N)、グルタミン(Q);
アルギニン(R)、リジン(K);
イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、バリン(V);および
フェニルアラニン(F)、チロシン(Y)、トリプトファン(W)。
免疫標識/免疫蛍光標識
免疫標識/免疫蛍光標識は、細胞、組織または器官内の特定の部位に対する抗原の検出および位置特定を可能にする生化学的手順である。細胞染色は、細胞調製、固定、抗体適用および評価の4つの段階に分けることができる。
幹細胞には形態学的にも、分子レベルでも、抗原にも特異的な特徴が一切ないため、これまで機能に関する基準に基づいて同定されてきた。ニューロスフェアアッセ(NA)と呼ばれる培養法(RenoldsおよびWeiss,Science,1992,225:1707−1710)は、in vitroでのNSCの同定、増殖およびカウントに用いることができる。簡潔に述べれば、NAでは、CNS組織の顕微解剖(例えば、胚から成体まで)、細胞間の接触の分断および単細胞の懸濁液の作製を実施する。組織培養器中、増殖を誘導する成長因子(すなわち、上皮成長因子[EGF]、塩基性線維芽細胞成長因子[bFGF]など)が少なくとも1種類存在する規定の無血清培地に細胞を(通常、低密度で)播く。この条件下で2〜5日以内に、多能性NSC集団が分裂を開始し、ニューロスフェアと呼ばれるクローニングによりに生じた未分化細胞の集塊を形成する。増殖誘導因子が存在し続けると、ニューロスフェアの細胞が分裂し続けることにより、ニューロスフェアを構成する細胞の数が増大し、その結果、ニューロスフェアのサイズが増大する。ニューロスフェアを採取し、分断して単細胞懸濁液にし、細胞を再播種して培養し、新たにニューロスフェアを形成させる。この方法でNSCを継代することにより、生存可能なCNS前駆細胞が算術級数的に増加する。NAアッセイでは、規定条件下でのNSCの単離および拡大が可能であり、したがって、推定幹細胞の挙動を様々な実験条件下で検討することができる。
浸潤アッセイは、悪性細胞および正常細胞の浸潤能を検討するためのin vitroシステムである。具体的な用途としては、腫瘍細胞の転移能、細胞外マトリックス構成成分または抗悪性腫瘍薬による転移の阻害、転移性細胞の表面タンパク質またはマトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼの発現異常ならびに胚性幹細胞、栄養膜細胞層、内皮細胞および線維芽細胞などの正常細胞の浸潤の評価が挙げられる。
TPCまたは腫瘍関連マクロファージを解離してパパイン溶液で消化し、単細胞懸濁液を得る。細胞分取解析には、細胞を遠心分離し、DNアーゼを含有するPBSに再懸濁させる。次いで、細胞をWnt5a、CD44、EphA2を検出する蛍光色素結合モノクローナル抗体の「カクテル」と4℃で30分間インキュベートし、FACSにより分取および解析する。前方光散乱シグナルおよび直交光散乱シグナル(FSCおよびSSC)ならびに蛍光シグナル(FITCまたはPE)で細胞を同定し、電子的にゲートをかけて、Wnt5a、CD44またはEphA2の発現に基づく別個の集団に分ける。一次抗体を個別のアイソタイプ対照に置き換えることによってバックグランド蛍光を推定した。ほかにも、試験した各条件について、自家蛍光の測定を慣例的な方法で実施した。機器の未処理データを保管およびデータ処理用に電子的に保存した。
免疫が欠損した重症複合免疫不全(SCID)の成体マウスに腫瘍細胞を注射することによって腫瘍形成性能を判定した(Galliら,Cancer Res.2004,65:7011−7021)。腫瘍細胞、例えば、Box5(配列番号1)で前処理したGFI TPC、GFD TPC、GFI TPC、ペプチドA(配列番号2)で前処理したGFI TPCをSCIDマウスに同所注射して、腫瘍形成能および浸潤性をin vivoで評価した。このほか、GFD TPCまたはGFI TPCおよびWnt5a遮断タンパク質(AbWt)を単独で、またはBMP4(B4)、Box5(配列番号1)およびペプチドA(配列番号2)と組み合わせてSCIDマウスに同時注射した。
一実施形態では、以下のHPLC条件を用いてペプチドの純度を明らかにした:C18 Vydacカラム、移動相A:TFAの0.1%水溶液、移動相B:TFAの0.1%アセトニトリル溶液、20分間で5%のBから65%のBへの勾配。
マトリックス支援レーザー脱離/イオン化法(MALDI)は質量分析に用いるソフトイオン化技術であり、この方法では、脆弱でレーザーを連続的に用いる従来のイオン化法によってイオン化すると断片化する傾向のある生体分子(DNA、タンパク質、ペプチドおよび糖などの生体高分子)および大きい有機分子(ポリマー、デンドリマーをはじめとする高分子など)を、短いレーザーパルスを用いて分析する。一実施形態では、Maldi−Tofに以下のパラメータを用いてペプチドの分子量を決定する:加速電圧:20000、グリッド電圧:93.7%、ガイドワイヤ電圧:0.070%、低質量ゲート:オフ、遅延:100オフ、負イオン:オフ。
Wnt5a遮断抗体(R&D Systems社、ミネアポリス、ミネソタ州)、組換えWnt3aタンパク質(R&D Systems社、ミネアポリス、ミネソタ州)、組換え分泌型frizzled関連タンパク質1(R&D System社)、Box5(Primm srl Peptide Synthesis社)、ペプチドA(Primm srl Peptide Synthesis社)、ペプチドB(Primm srl Peptide Synthesis社)。
Wnt5a遺伝子発現と組織学的にグレード分けした神経膠腫患者由来の腫瘍試料との相関関係
この試験では、神経膠腫患者から採取した腫瘍試料を組織学的にグレード分けし、The Cancer Genome Atlas Network(TCGA)(Nature 2008,455(23):1061−68)、Phillips(Cancer Cell 2006;9:157−173)、Freije(Cancer Res.2004;64:6503−6510)、Murat(J.Clin.Oncol.2008;26:3015−3024)、Lee(BMC med.Genomics 2008;1:52)およびBeroukhim(PNAS 2007;104(50):20007−20012)の公開されているデータセットを用いて、そのWnt5a遺伝子発現レベルを評価した。
Wnt5aタンパク質発現の免疫蛍光イメージングおよび定量的フローサイトメトリー解析
この試験では、免疫蛍光イメージングおよび定量的フローサイトメトリーを用いて、間葉系hGBM由来TPCおよび前神経性hGBM由来TPCのWnt5aタンパク質発現を検出し典型的細胞と比較した。
hGBMのWnt5a遺伝子発現のバイオインフォマティック解析
この試験では、染色し、ゲートをかけ、Wnt5aの発現レベルに従ってFACS分取したhGBM標本にバイオインフォマティクス解析を実施した。
ヒトGBM組織でのWnt5a、EphA2およびDLX2の発現および相関
この試験では、公開されているデータセット(TCGA、PhillipsおよびLee)の解析ならびにhGBMおよびMDBの免疫蛍光染色を用いて、Wnt5aとEphA2またはDLX2との同時発現が神経膠腫患者の悪性腫瘍および/または生存率と相関するかどうかを明らかにした。
Wnt5aの発現および/または活性調節がhGBM TPCおよびU87MG細胞の遊走に影響を及ぼす
この試験では、組換えWnt5aタンパク質およびWnt5aタンパク質のレンチウイルス媒介性過剰発現を用いて、Wnt5aが腫瘍の進展、遊走および浸潤性に及ぼす影響をin vitroおよびin vivoで明らかにした。
Wnt5aの攪乱はin vivoでTPCの腫瘍形成能および浸潤性に影響を及ぼす
この試験では、Wnt5aが腫瘍の成長および浸潤性ならびに全生存率に及ぼす影響を明らかにするため、免疫が欠損した成体SCIDマウスにGFD TPCおよびGFI TPCを移植した。
Claims (11)
- 対象の幹細胞様特性を有する腫瘍伝播細胞(TPC)の集団を含む脳腫瘍を治療するための医薬組成物であって、前記医薬組成物が、治療量の治療剤を含み且つ薬学的に許容される担体を含んでいてもよく、
前記治療剤が、Wnt5aのペプチド誘導体であり、前記Wnt5aのペプチド誘導体が、アミノ酸配列LECGDM(配列番号2)を有するヘキサペプチドであり、
Wnt5aのペプチド誘導体は、それ自体が製剤化されるか、塩形態で製剤化され、
Wnt5aのペプチド誘導体が、t−ブチルオキシカルボニルペプチド誘導体である、
医薬組成物。 - 前記脳腫瘍が、
(i)神経膠腫であるか、或いは
(ii)髄芽腫、髄膜腫、シュワン細胞腫、頭蓋咽頭腫、胚細胞腫瘍および松果体部腫瘍からなる群より選択される、
請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記神経膠腫が、
(a)星状細胞腫、乏突起神経膠腫および上衣腫からなる群より選択されるか、
(b)間葉系組織、前神経組織、典型的組織またはその組合せを含むか、或いは
(c)Wnt5aリガンド陽性細胞を含む、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記星状細胞腫、前記乏突起神経膠腫および前記上衣腫が退形成性である、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記星状細胞腫が多形神経膠芽腫である、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記神経膠腫が、(b)間葉系組織、前神経組織、典型的組織またはその組合せを含み、且つ
前記間葉系組織および前記前神経組織が、典型的組織と比較したWnt5aリガンドの発現レベルの増大を特徴とする、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記Wnt5aリガンドの発現レベルの増大が、細胞遊走を示す、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記幹細胞様特性を有する腫瘍伝播細胞(TPC)の集団が、浸潤性表現型を有する、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記神経膠腫が、(c)Wnt5aリガンド陽性細胞を含み、且つ
前記Wnt5aリガンド陽性細胞が、
(a')推定神経芽細胞マーカーであるPSA−NCAMを共発現し、Wnt5a陽性細胞およびDlx2陽性細胞の最大60%がPSA−NCAMに対して免疫反応性であるか、
(b')対照と比較したCD44の発現レベルの増大によって特徴付けられるか、或いは
(c')推定幹細胞様腫瘍伝播細胞(TPC)マーカーであるEphA2を共発現しない、
請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記浸潤性表現型が、浸潤マーカーであるFRAS1関連細胞外マトリックスタンパク質2(Frem2)の発現を含む、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記脳腫瘍が、(i)神経膠腫であり、且つ
前記ペプチド誘導体が、TPCの集団を含む腫瘍の脳実質への浸潤を未処理対照に比して低下させるのに有効である、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
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