JP6920199B2 - 抗微生物剤耐性を回避する抗下痢製剤 - Google Patents
抗微生物剤耐性を回避する抗下痢製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6920199B2 JP6920199B2 JP2017530955A JP2017530955A JP6920199B2 JP 6920199 B2 JP6920199 B2 JP 6920199B2 JP 2017530955 A JP2017530955 A JP 2017530955A JP 2017530955 A JP2017530955 A JP 2017530955A JP 6920199 B2 JP6920199 B2 JP 6920199B2
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Description
なし
本出願は、2014年8月25日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/041175号明細書の優先権を主張し、この内容が参照により本明細書に援用される。
ブロメラインは、パイナップル植物(アナナス・コモスス(Ananas comosus))から得られる粗タンパク質分解抽出物に対する集合名である。下記の2種の形態のブロメラインが知られている:新鮮なパイナップルの果実から得られる果実ブロメライン、およびこの植物の茎から得られる茎ブロメライン。ブロメラインの主な商業的供給源は茎ブロメラインであり、用語「ブロメライン」および「茎ブロメライン」を互換的に使用する。
工業用のセルロースは、木材パルプおよび綿から主に得られる。クラフトプロセスを使用して、セルロースを、植物の別の主成分であるリグニンから分離する。セルロースは味がなく、無臭であり、20〜30の接触角で親水性であり、水およびほとんどの有機溶媒に不溶であり、キラルであり、生分解性である。セルロースは、このセルロースを高温にて濃酸で処理することにより、このセルロースのグルコース単位に化学的に分解され得る。
クエン酸は汎用化学品であり、多種多様なサプライヤから市販されている。クエン酸は主に、酸味料、調味料およびキレート剤として使用される。
レシチンは乳化特性および潤滑特性を有し、界面活性剤である。市販のレシチンは、食品製造業者が使用する場合、油中でのリン脂質の混合物である。種から抽出した油を水脱ガムすることにより、レシチンを得ることができる。レシチンは様々なリン脂質の混合物であり、組成はレシチンの起源によって決まる。レシチンの主要な供給源はダイズ油である。レシチンのその他の供給源(例えばヒマワリ油)を使用して、ダイズアレルギーの懸念を回避することができる。ダイズ由来のおよびヒマワリ由来のレシチンでの主なリン脂質は、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルエタノールアミンおよびホスファチジン酸である。これらはそれぞれ、PC、PI、PEおよびPAと省略されることが多い。精製リン脂質は企業により商業的に製造されている。
エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTAと広く省略される)はキレート剤である。エチレンジアミン四酢酸は無色の水溶性固体である。エチレンジアミン四酢酸の共役塩基はエチレンジアミン四酢酸塩である。
目的:この研究の目的は、離乳時での本発明者の製剤の単回経口投与(4ml)により、大腸菌(E.coli)の病歴がある商業的養豚場での下痢を低減することができるかどうかを比較することであった。
臨床パラメータ:
・離乳時に投与した本発明者の製剤の単回用量により、未処置のブタと比較した場合に、(0日目から離乳後19日目まで)下痢の発生率を有意に40%低下させた(図3)(p<0.05)。この単回用量により子ブタが19日にわたり保護され、このことは効果の長期間の持続を示した。この飼養場での下痢の原因は大腸菌(E.coli)であった。
・離乳後2週間における本発明者の製剤で処置した子ブタの1日当たりの平均体重増加は、未処置の子ブタと比べて22%高かった(それぞれ50±7.1g対39±7.0g)。離乳後42日で、本発明者の製剤で処置した子ブタは対照の子ブタと比べて0.2kg(1.6%)重かったが、この増加は有意ではなかった。
離乳時に投与される本発明者の製剤の単回用量により、下痢の発生率、持続期間および重症度が低減される。本発明者の製剤はまた、抗生物質による処置の必要性も低減し、子ブタの成長も改善する。従って、本発明者の製剤は子ブタの健康および成績を改善し、従って飼養場の生産性を改善する。
背景:成長を促進するための飼料添加剤としての抗生物質は現在、欧州では禁止されているが、獣医の監督下での処方抗生物質の飼料への添加が下痢等の急性症状の予防および処置に認められている。
ブタの成績
・本発明者の製剤で処置した子ブタは、この研究の全ての段階において、コリスチンを投与した子ブタと比較して1日当たりの平均体重増加が有意に高かった(P<0.05、表4)。飼料中のコリスチンで処置した子ブタは、未処置のブタと比べて体重増加が低い等、全ての群の中で体重増加が最低であった(P<0.05)。
背景:フィリピンのこの飼養場では、下痢が原因の死亡率が高い。
臨床パラメータ
この研究では、下痢が原因で少数が死亡した。しかし、本発明者の製剤で処置した群では、(全ての原因による)死亡が有意に5%低かった。抗生物質を投与した子ブタでは死亡率は21%であった(P<0.05)。
・離乳時に、本発明者の製剤を投与した子ブタは、抗生物質で処置した子ブタと比べて0.1kg重かった。この研究では陰性対照が存在しなかったことから、その他の野外試験で観測されたように、本発明者の製剤により未処置のブタと比較して体重が増加したかどうかは不明である。
目的:この研究の目的は、離乳前(pre−weaning)(離乳前(sucker))の下痢の病歴を有するオーストラリアの飼養場での子ブタの死亡率および罹患率の低下における本発明者の製剤(2mL)の有効性を調べることであった。
2種の処置を、小屋の中で無作為に21〜23回繰り返した。
臨床パラメータ
この研究を、下痢の予期される発症前に本発明者の製剤を子ブタに投与する予防的研究として設計した。しかしながら、製品の投与前に、462匹の子ブタの内の59匹(12.8%)で下痢が明らかであった。下痢の予期される発症と比べて早かったにもかかわらず、全ての子ブタをこの研究に含めており、除外しなかった。
7日齢未満である24匹の子ブタからサンプルを採取した。この研究では、優勢な病原体を同定しなかった。23例の糞便サンプルを(好気性および嫌気性)培養し、下痢の原因として可能性のある細菌(大腸菌(E.coli)およびクロストリジウム(Clostridia))を単離した。本発明者の製剤で処置した1匹の子ブタは、非溶血性大腸菌(E.coli)に対して陽性(STa陽性)の結果であり、対称群からの2匹の子ブタから2種の溶血性大腸菌(E.coli)単離株(K88)を得た。これらの対照の子ブタの内の1匹は、非溶血性大腸菌(E.coli)(K88)に共感染していた。クロストリジウム種(Clostridia spp)を単離しなかった。Rotavirus ELISA(IDEXX Rota−Corona−K99、IDEXX Montpellier SAS、France)により、21例の糞便サンプルの内の9例(42.8%)は陽性または弱陽性の結果であった。しかしながら、7例のサンプルはいずれもロタウイルスRTPCRに対して陽性ではなく、ロタウイルス感染を示す腸病変はなかった。
本発明者の製剤はまた、重度の罹患率または生命を脅かす疾患も低減させた(スコア4)。生命を脅かす疾患を有する子ブタの内、または瀕死と見なした子ブタの内、本発明者の製剤で処置した群における瀕死の28匹の子ブタの内の19匹と比較して、対照の子ブタでは38匹中36匹が死亡した。
表8は、両方の群に関する(処置日からである2日目から21日目までの)体重増加の平均および範囲ならびに1日当たりの平均体重増加(ADG)を示す。
この研究の結果は、本発明者の製剤を使用して、非特異的病因の下痢/病的な成長による問題を有する飼養場での離乳前の死亡率を低下させることができることを示唆する。
ここで、本発明者の開示を前提として、ある特定の変形および代替を容易に行なうことができる。例えば、表1の製剤は、下痢を予防するための哺乳子ブタの予防的処置に適した投薬量を提供する。下痢を(予防よりはむしろ)処置するための使用に必要な用量は異なる場合があり、当業者は適切な用量を容易に導き出すことができるだろう。同様に、成熟した大人のブタまたはヒトを処置するための使用に必要な用量はより大きい場合があり、当業者は、適切な用量を容易に導き出すことができるだろう。
態様1
抗下痢に有効な量のブロメラインを含み、腸溶性ポリマーを実質的に含まない動物用経口製剤。
態様2
抗下痢に有効な量のブロメラインを含み、フタル酸塩(pthalate)を実質的に含まない動物用経口製剤。
態様3
前記フタル酸塩が酢酸フタル酸セルロースを含む、態様2に記載の動物用経口製剤。
態様4
抗下痢に有効な量のブロメラインとキレート剤とを含む動物用経口製剤。
態様5
前記キレート剤がEDTAを含む、態様4に記載の動物用経口製剤。
態様6
抗下痢に有効な量のブロメラインと、前記ブロメラインの水への溶解性を改善するのに有効な量の乳化剤とを含む動物用経口製剤。
態様7
前記乳化剤がレシチンを含む、態様6に記載の動物用経口製剤。
態様8
クエン酸を更に含む態様7に記載の動物用経口製剤。
態様9
カルボキシメチルセルロースを含む抗下痢経口剤形。
態様10
ブロメラインを更に含む態様9に記載の剤形。
態様11
前記経口剤形が飲料または経口ドレンチである、態様10に記載の剤形。
態様12
前記剤形が動物用剤形である、態様10に記載の剤形。
態様13
ヒト、動物または魚における抗微生物剤耐性の腸内病原性微生物の増殖を予防する方法であって、(a)腸内病原性微生物に感染しやすいヒト、動物または魚を同定すること、次いで、(b)前記ヒト、動物または魚が前記腸内病原性微生物により下痢になるのを予防するのに有効な量のブロメラインを前記ヒト、動物または魚に経口投与することであり、この経口投与により、前記ヒト、動物または魚は前記腸内病原性微生物にもはや感染しやすくなく、前記ヒト、動物または魚に、前記腸内病原性微生物による下痢を処置するためにまたは予防するために抗微生物に有効な量の抗微生物剤を投与しない、経口投与すること、を含む方法。
態様14
ヒト、動物または魚における腸内病原性微生物の増殖を予防する方法であって、(a)腸内病原性微生物に感染しやすいヒト、動物または魚を同定すること、次いで、(b)前記ヒト、動物または魚が前記腸内病原性微生物により病気になるのを予防するのに有効な量のブロメラインを前記ヒト、動物または魚に経口投与することであり、この経口投与により、前記ヒト、動物または魚は前記腸内病原性微生物にもはや感染しやすくなく、前記ヒト、動物または魚に、前記腸内病原性微生物による前記感染を処置するためにまたは予防するために抗微生物に有効な量の抗微生物剤を投与しない、経口投与すること、を含む方法。
態様15
前記剤形が動物飼料である、態様2に記載の剤形。
そのため、本発明者は、本発明の法律上の適用範囲が本明細書に列挙した具体例によって画定されず、法定の特許請求の範囲およびこの許容される等価物で画定されることを意図する。
Claims (10)
- ブロメラインと、カルボキシメチルセルロースと、レシチンと、EDTAとを含む、離乳していないまたは離乳した子豚における下痢を予防または治療するための経口製剤であって、前記製剤が、50−75wt%のブロメラインを含む自由流動性粉末か、または適切な液体中のこの粉末の懸濁液である、経口製剤。
- 腸溶性ポリマーを含まない、請求項1に記載の経口製剤。
- クエン酸をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の経口製剤。
- 単回の治療有効量で、子豚に投与される、子豚の下痢の可能性を減少させるための請求項1に記載の経口製剤。
- 下痢が離乳前下痢で、製剤が子豚の離乳前に投与される、請求項4に記載の経口製剤。
- 下痢が離乳後下痢で、製剤が子豚の離乳時に投与される、請求項4に記載の経口製剤。
- 製剤の投与量が、ブロメラインの単回量の40−60mg/kgを提供する、請求項5に記載の経口製剤。
- 製剤の投与量が、ブロメラインの単回量の20−30mg/kgを提供する、請求項6に記載の経口製剤。
- 子豚集団の各子豚に単回の治療有効量で投与される、子豚の集団において子豚の死亡を減少させるための請求項1に記載の経口製剤。
- 適切な液体が水である請求項1に記載の経口製剤。
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US201462041175P | 2014-08-25 | 2014-08-25 | |
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PCT/US2015/046509 WO2016032944A1 (en) | 2014-08-25 | 2015-08-24 | Anti-diarrhea formulation which avoids antimicrobial resistance |
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CN112618579B (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-02-15 | 南京农业大学 | 一种防治仔猪腹泻复合益生菌制剂和制备方法及应用 |
US20240115669A1 (en) * | 2021-02-16 | 2024-04-11 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Methods for reducing pathogenic e coli by selective feed additive intervention comprising enzymes such as muramidase |
KR102592953B1 (ko) * | 2023-01-30 | 2023-10-20 | 박예성 | 휴지기 없이 급여 가능한 반려동물용 영양제 제조공법 |
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JPH06511237A (ja) * | 1991-07-24 | 1994-12-15 | コ、トーマス サイ イーング | 治療用組成物およびその製造方法 |
US6080403A (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2000-06-27 | Star-Kist Foods, Inc. | Protease containing hairball remedy and use thereof |
CN1548154A (zh) * | 2003-05-22 | 2004-11-24 | 维奥(四川)生物技术有限公司 | 用于治疗哺乳动物腹泻的菠萝蛋白酶微胶囊化药物组合物 |
US7351739B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2008-04-01 | Wellgen, Inc. | Bioactive compounds and methods of uses thereof |
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CN106998749A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
ES2938347T3 (es) | 2023-04-10 |
DK3193629T3 (da) | 2023-03-13 |
JP2017532369A (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
WO2016032944A4 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
WO2016032944A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
US20170239334A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
KR20170082149A (ko) | 2017-07-13 |
EP3193629A4 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
CA2959361A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
KR102382930B1 (ko) | 2022-04-04 |
AU2015306904A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
EP3193629A1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
PH12017500338A1 (en) | 2017-07-17 |
CN114711336A (zh) | 2022-07-08 |
EP3193629B1 (en) | 2023-01-25 |
AU2019204496A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
AU2019204496B2 (en) | 2020-12-24 |
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