JP6917770B2 - 長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材、その製造方法、および、原子炉構造部材 - Google Patents
長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材、その製造方法、および、原子炉構造部材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6917770B2 JP6917770B2 JP2017096147A JP2017096147A JP6917770B2 JP 6917770 B2 JP6917770 B2 JP 6917770B2 JP 2017096147 A JP2017096147 A JP 2017096147A JP 2017096147 A JP2017096147 A JP 2017096147A JP 6917770 B2 JP6917770 B2 JP 6917770B2
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- material layer
- silicon carbide
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- long fiber
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 165
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 158
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 152
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 150
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- QRRWWGNBSQSBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;chromium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cr] QRRWWGNBSQSBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PEQFPKIXNHTCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;niobium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Nb] PEQFPKIXNHTCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RVSGESPTHDDNTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;tantalum Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ta] RVSGESPTHDDNTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PTXMVOUNAHFTFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;vanadium Chemical compound [AlH3].[V] PTXMVOUNAHFTFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;chromium Chemical compound N.[Cr] SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 205
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- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
[構成]
図1は、第1実施形態に係る長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材を模式的に示す斜視図である。
本実施形態において、上記の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1を製造するときに行う各工程に関して順次説明する。
図3は、第1実施形態の変形例に係る長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材を示す断面図である。図3では、図2と同様に、長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1に関して、軸方向が直交する断面について示している。
[構成]
図6は、第2実施形態に係る長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材を示す断面図である。図6では、図2と同様に、長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1に関して、軸方向が直交する断面を示している。
本実施形態において、上記の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1を製造する各工程に関して説明する。
図7および図8は、第2実施形態の変形例に係る長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材を示す断面図である。図7および図8では、図6と同様に、長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1に関して、軸方向が直交する断面について示している。
[構成]
図9は、第3実施形態に係る長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材を示す断面図である。図9では、図2と同様に、長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1に関して、軸方向が直交する断面を示している。
本実施形態において、上記の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1を製造する各工程に関して説明する。
図10および図11は、第3実施形態の変形例に係る長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材を示す断面図である。図10および図11では、図9と同様に、長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1に関して、軸方向が直交する断面について示している。
[構成など]
図12は、第4実施形態に係る長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材を示す断面図である。図12では、図6と同様に、長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1に関して、軸方向が直交する断面を示している。
図13および図14は、第4実施形態の変形例に係る長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材を示す断面図である。図13および図14は、図12と同様に、長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1に関して、軸方向が直交する断面について示している。
なお、各実施例において、各層の厚みはX線CT装置TDM2300H−FP(ヤマト科学株式会社)を用いて計測した。
実施例1において、長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1について作製を行う際には、最初に、第1の複合材料層11を構成する予備成形体(プリフォーム)の形成を行った。本工程では、まず、直径が12μmである炭化ケイ素の長繊維(商品名:ハイニカロン(登録商標) タイプS,日本カーボン製)の表面に、カーボンをCVD法で被覆した。そして、その長繊維を500本束ねた繊維束(ヤーン)を用いて、フィラメントワインディング法によって、円筒形状の予備成形体(厚みが1.0mm)を作製した。
実施例2においては、実施例1の場合と同様に、第1の複合材料層11を準備した後に、第1の複合材料層11の外周面に中間層31を形成した。ここでは、炭素(C)の単体層(厚みが0.02mm)を成膜することによって、中間層31の形成を行った。その後、実施例1の場合と同様に、第1の複合材料層11の外周面に、中間層31を介して、第2の複合材料層21を形成した。これにより、実施例2の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1を完成させた。
実施例3では、クロムアルミニウムカーバイド(Cr2AlC)の単体層(厚みが0.02mm)を、中間層31として形成した点を除き、実施例2の場合と同様にして、長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1の作製を行った。
実施例4においては、実施例1の場合と同様に、第1の複合材料層11を準備した後に、第1の複合材料層11の外周面に第2の複合材料層21を形成した。その後、第2の複合材料層21の外周面にコーティング材料層41を形成した。ここでは、窒化クロム(CrN)の単体層(厚みが0.05mm)を成膜することによって、コーティング材料層41の形成を行った。これにより、実施例4の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1を完成させた。
実施例5においては、実施例1の場合と同様に、第1の複合材料層11を準備した後に、第1の複合材料層11の外周面に中間層31を形成した。ここでは、チタンケイ素カーバイド(Ti3SiC2)の単体層(厚みが0.02mm)を成膜することによって、中間層31の形成を行った。そして、実施例1の場合と同様に、第1の複合材料層11の外周面に、中間層31を介して、第2の複合材料層21を形成した。その後、第2の複合材料層21の外周面にコーティング材料層41を形成した。ここでは、イットリウムシリケート(Y2SiO5)の単体層(厚みが0.1mm)を成膜することによって、コーティング材料層41の形成を行った。これにより、実施例5の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1を完成させた。
比較例においては、実施例1の場合と同様に、第1の複合材料層11の形成を行ったが、第2の複合材料層21の形成については行わなかった。これにより、第1の複合材料層11のみからなる長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材1を比較例として準備した。
表1に示すように、実施例および比較例の各サンプルについて、耐環境性試験と機械的特性試験とを行った。
・温度:360℃
・水蒸気圧:0.2MPa
・保持時間:1週間
表1に示すように、実施例1は、耐環境性試験において比較例よりも腐食減肉量が少ないため、耐環境性に優れる。また、実施例1は、機械的特性試験において比較例よりも初期破壊強度および破壊エネルギーが高いため、機械的特性に優れる。実施例1は、炭化ケイ素のマトリックスに炭化ケイ素の長繊維が複合化した第1の複合材料層11と、炭化ケイ素のマトリックスに炭素の長繊維が複合化した第2の複合材料層21との積層構造で構成されている。これに対して、比較例は、第1の複合材料層11のみで構成されている。このように、炭化ケイ素のマトリックスに炭化ケイ素の長繊維が複合化した第1の複合材料層11に対して、炭化ケイ素のマトリックスに炭素の長繊維が複合化した第2の複合材料層21を積層させることで、耐環境性および機械的特性の向上を実現することができる。
上記実施例においてはX線CT装置を用いて各層の厚みを計測したが、超音波計測、厚み計、変位計等による計測であってもよい。
Claims (12)
- 筒形状の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材であって、
炭化ケイ素のマトリックスに直径が12μmである炭化ケイ素の連続繊維である長繊維が複合化した第1の複合材料層と、
炭化ケイ素のマトリックスに直径が10μmである炭素の連続繊維である長繊維が複合化した第2の複合材料層と
を有し、
前記第1の複合材料層と前記第2の複合材料層とが積層されており、
前記第1の複合材料層および前記第2の複合材料層において、前記長繊維が500〜3000本束ねられた繊維束を構成している、
長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材。 - 前記第1の複合材料層は、厚みが0.2mm以上、5mm以下である、
請求項1に記載の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材。 - 前記第2の複合材料層は、厚みが0.2mm以上、2mm以下である、
請求項1または2に記載の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材。 - 前記第1の複合材料層と前記第2の複合材料層との間に介在している中間層
を更に有し、
前記中間層は、炭素、窒化ホウ素、チタンアルミニウムカーバイド、バナジウムアルミニウムカーバイド、クロムアルミニウムカーバイド、ニオブアルミニウムカーバイド、タンタルアルミニウムカーバイド、チタンケイ素カーバイドからなる群より選択される材料の単体で形成されている、
請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材。 - 前記中間層は、結晶形態が六方晶である、
請求項4に記載の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材。 - 前記中間層は、厚みが0.01mm以上、0.2mm以下である、
請求項4または5に記載の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材。 - 前記第1の複合材料層と前記第2の複合材料層との少なくとも一方の表面に形成されているコーティング材料層
を有し、
前記コーティング材料層は、炭素、炭化チタン、窒化クロム、窒化クロムアルミニウム、イットリウムシリケート、イッテルビウムシリケート、スカンジウムシリケート、ジルコニウム合金からなる群より選択される材料の単体で形成されている、
請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材。 - 前記コーティング材料層は、厚みが0.05mm以上、0.5mm以下である、
請求項7に記載の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材。 - 第1の複合材料層と第2の複合材料層とが積層された筒形状の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材を製造する製造方法であって、
炭化ケイ素のマトリックスに直径が12μmである炭化ケイ素の連続繊維である長繊維を複合化させることによって前記第1の複合材料層を形成する工程と、
炭化ケイ素のマトリックスに直径が10μmである炭素の連続繊維である長繊維を複合化させることによって前記第2の複合材料層を形成する工程と
を有し、
前記第1の複合材料層の形成および前記第2の複合材料層の形成は、化学気相蒸着法と化学気相浸透法との少なくとも一方で行い、
前記第1の複合材料層および前記第2の複合材料層において、前記長繊維が500〜3000本束ねられた繊維束を構成している、
長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材の製造方法。 - 前記第1の複合材料層と前記第2の複合材料層との間に介在する中間層を形成する工程
を更に有し、
前記中間層は、炭素、窒化ホウ素、チタンアルミニウムカーバイド、バナジウムアルミニウムカーバイド、クロムアルミニウムカーバイド、ニオブアルミニウムカーバイド、タンタルアルミニウムカーバイド、チタンケイ素カーバイドからなる群より選択される材料の単体で形成されており、
前記中間層の形成は、化学気相蒸着法と化学気相浸透法との少なくとも一方で行う、
請求項9に記載の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材の製造方法。 - 前記第1の複合材料層と前記第2の複合材料層との少なくとも一方の表面にコーティング材料層を形成する工程
を更に有し、
前記コーティング材料層は、炭素、炭化チタン、窒化クロム、窒化クロムアルミニウム、イットリウムシリケート、イッテルビウムシリケート、スカンジウムシリケート、ジルコニウム合金からなる群より選択される材料の単体で形成されており、
前記コーティング材料層の形成は、化学気相蒸着法と化学気相浸透法との少なくとも一方で行う、
請求項9または10に記載の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材の製造方法。 - 請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の長繊維強化炭化ケイ素部材で形成されている原子炉構造部材。
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