JP6916820B2 - 免疫原およびそのスクリーニング方法 - Google Patents
免疫原およびそのスクリーニング方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6916820B2 JP6916820B2 JP2019006561A JP2019006561A JP6916820B2 JP 6916820 B2 JP6916820 B2 JP 6916820B2 JP 2019006561 A JP2019006561 A JP 2019006561A JP 2019006561 A JP2019006561 A JP 2019006561A JP 6916820 B2 JP6916820 B2 JP 6916820B2
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Description
本出願は、全般的に生物および病原体からの免疫原を同定する方法、特に、ワクチンとして投与した場合に細胞性および/または液性免疫応答を誘発する免疫原を同定する方法に向けられる。本出願はまた、肺炎球菌(pneumococcus)T細胞免疫原ならびにその方法および組成物にも向けられる。
本出願は、35 U.S.C. § 119(e)の下で、その各々の全内容が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる、2010年12月30日に提出された米国特許仮出願第61/428,296号、および同様に2010年12月30日に提出された米国特許仮出願第61/428,305号、および2010年3月12日に提出された米国特許仮出願第61/313,450号の優先権の恩典を主張する。
開発途上国では、毎年ほぼ100万人もの子供が肺炎球菌感染症のために死亡する。結合型肺炎球菌ワクチンが有効であるにもかかわらず、このアプローチには、なおも、製造および輸送費用が高いこと、ならびにいくつかの臨床試験および疫学的研究において証明されたように、それによって血清型の置換が起こることを含む問題点が存在する。現在の莢膜型ワクチンの1つの正の効果が、ワクチン接種されていない患者集団において明らかである:集団免疫が、現在のワクチン戦略において印象的な役割を果たす。子供において予防される肺炎球菌疾患の各症例に対して、成人では約3例の肺炎球菌疾患が集団免疫によって予防される。少なくともこの文脈において、コロニー形成を遮断すれば疾患が阻止されることから、肺炎球菌のコロニー形成の予防は、タンパク質型ワクチンアプローチの主たる目標である。
[本発明1001]
以下の段階を含む、病原体から1つの免疫原または複数の免疫原を得る方法:
有機溶媒によって病原体培養物を死滅させる段階;
溶媒を除去する段階;
死滅させた細菌を水溶液に再懸濁する段階;
水溶液から微粒子を除去する段階であって、それによって免疫原を水溶液中に保持する、段階。
[本発明1002]
病原体が、細菌、ウイルス、真菌、または寄生虫である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
免疫原が、病原体に由来するタンパク質、炭水化物、脂質、核酸、または低分子である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1004]
以下の段階をさらに含む、本発明1001の方法:
水溶液中のタンパク質を単離する段階;
単離された抗原の特異的抗体またはT細胞活性を、混合してまたは単独で決定する段階。
[本発明1005]
以下の段階を含む、細菌のT細胞刺激免疫原を得る方法:
有機溶媒によって細菌培養物を死滅させる段階;
溶媒を除去する段階;
死滅させた細菌を水溶液中に再懸濁する段階;
水溶液から微粒子を除去する段階であって、それによってT細胞免疫原を水溶液中に保持する、段階。
[本発明1006]
以下の段階をさらに含む、本発明1005の方法:
水溶液中のタンパク質を単離する段階;
単離されたタンパク質のTh17細胞誘導活性を、混合してまたは単独で決定する段階。
[本発明1007]
培養物が、肺炎連鎖球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)の培養物である、本発明1003〜1006の方法。
[本発明1008]
有機溶媒がクロロホルムである、本発明1005〜1007のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1009]
免疫原が、肺炎球菌のコロニー形成を低減させるかまたはコロニー形成から哺乳動物を保護するワクチンとしてさらに調製される、本発明1001〜1008のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1010]
ワクチンがアジュバントをさらに含む、本発明1009の方法。
[本発明1011]
ワクチンが粘膜内に投与される、本発明1009または本発明1010の方法。
[本発明1012]
免疫原が肺炎球菌タンパク質SP0862、SP1534、およびSP2070の少なくとも1つである、本発明1001から1011のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1013]
肺炎球菌タンパク質SP0862、SP1534、およびSP2070を含む、哺乳動物における免疫応答を誘発するための薬学的組成物。
[本発明1014]
本発明1001から本発明1012のいずれかの方法によって調製されたT細胞刺激免疫原を含む、哺乳動物において免疫応答を誘発するための薬学的組成物。
本発明は、本明細書において記述される特定の方法論、プロトコール、および試薬等に限定されず、これらは変化しうると理解すべきである。本明細書において用いられる用語は、特定の態様を記述する目的に限られ、特許請求の範囲によってのみ定義される本発明の範囲を制限しないことが意図される。
本明細書において用いられる「アジュバント」という用語は、標的抗原に対する細胞または対象による抗原応答を増加させる任意の物質または実体を意味する。
肺炎球菌ワクチン接種を拡大するためにこれまでに提唱された2つのアプローチは、精製肺炎球菌抗原で構成されるタンパク質サブユニットワクチンおよび/または全細胞ワクチン(WCV)候補物などの死滅全細胞ワクチンに基づいている。
肺炎球菌コロニー形成からの保護に関する1つの機構が、マウスにおけるコロニー形成および浸潤性疾患の双方に対して保護を与えるWCV候補物質について解明されている(Malley et al., 69 Infect. Immun. 4870-73 (2001); Malley et al., 74 Infect. Immun. 4290-92 (2004))。WCVによる免疫後のコロニー形成に対する保護は、抗体非依存的であり、CD4+ T細胞に依存的である(Malley et al., 102 P.N.A.S. USA 102,4848-53 (2005) ; Trzcinski et al., 73 Infect. Immun. 7043-46 (2005))。エフェクターT細胞は、CD4+ TH17細胞であり;抗IL-17A抗体によるIL-17Aの中和は、WCVによる保護を減損させて、IL-17A受容体ノックアウトマウスはWCVによって保護されない。対照的に、IFN-γまたはIL-4欠損マウス(それぞれ、TH1またはTH2応答からそれている)は完全に保護される(Lu et al., 4 PLoS Pathogens. el000159 (2008))。WCVによって免疫したラットおよびマウスもまた、2つの肺炎モデルにおいて肺炎球菌敗血症に対して有意に保護される(Malley et al., 2001)。
タンパク質の単離
WCC上清のゲル濾過を介してこれらのタンパク質を単離する最初の努力は、タンパク質の個別の十分な分離を生じなかった。最終的に、WCC上清を分取SDSゲルにおいて横方向に溶出することにより、タンパク質の分離が改善された。SDS緩衝液と共にWCC上清を、成形済みの4%〜12%Bis/Tris SDSゲルのウェル10個に-100μgタンパク質/レーンでロードして、MES-SDS緩衝液中で200 Vで30分間泳動させた。このゲルを2 mMリン酸緩衝液中で20分間平衡にして、新しい緩衝液で3回平衡にして、SDSを最小にした。平衡にしたゲルを、BioRad Mini Gel Eluter装置に適合する大きさに切断した。90 mAの電流を20分間適用することにより、タンパク質をゲルの厚みの中で横方向に溶出させた。溶出物をゲルの真下の溶出チャンバーの中に収集して、吸引装置によって採取した。この方法により14個の溶出物が得られ、溶出物あたり1つまたは2つのタンパク質バンドが得られた。各溶出物内のタンパク質を、銀染色を施したSDSゲルにおいて可視化した;各溶出物内のバンドは、溶出毎に再現可能であった;溶出物をさらに使用するために混合した。
溶出物を、WCCによって免疫したC57Bl/6マウスの脾細胞に対する刺激として用いて、どの溶出物がIL-17A産生を誘発することができるタンパク質を含有するかを決定した。マウス(n=10)をWCCによって1週間離して鼻内に免疫した。2回目に免疫した3週間後、脾臓を採取してL-グルタミン/10%FCS/2ME/シプロを有するDMEM中での細胞懸濁液へと処理した。各溶出物内のタンパク質濃度を、定量的BCAアッセイによって決定して;溶出物を刺激として用いたが、各々の刺激を溶出物における最低濃度に標準化した。上清を6日後に採取して、IL-17Aに関してELISA(R&D Biosciences)によってアッセイした。次に、本発明者らは、最も刺激性の高い溶出物からの主要なバンドまたは複数のバンドを質量分析に供した。
ヒトとの相同性の欠如およびシークエンシングされた肺炎球菌株との保存などの臨床安全性規準に基づいて、編集された質量分析データから抗原を選択した。
動物モデルにおいてワクチンを試験するために12個の精製タンパク質の優先順位をつけるために、各タンパク質の免疫原性を、どの溶出物が刺激性タンパク質を含有するかを同定するために用いた上記のアッセイと類似のように行った脾細胞刺激アッセイにおいて評価した。
第一の免疫実験において、C57Bl/6マウス(n=10匹/群)を最も刺激性のタンパク質3個(SPN0435、SPN1534、およびSPN2070)の混合物によって1週間離して2回鼻内に免疫した。混合ワクチンは、ワクチン1用量あたり各タンパク質4μgを含有した。ワクチンをコレラ毒素(CT)アジュバントと共に調製した。対照コホートをWCVおよびCTまたはCT単独によって免疫した。2回目の免疫後3週間目に、動物から採血した;全血を全細胞抗原によって刺激して、免疫原性を評価するために、上清中のIL-17Aを測定した。採血後1週間目に、生きた6B型肺炎球菌株を動物の鼻内にチャレンジした。チャレンジ後1週間目に、動物を屠殺して、鼻洗浄液を得て培養し、コロニー形成密度を評価した。
Claims (10)
- (i) SEQ ID NO:44のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも98%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドであって、哺乳動物へ投与すると、該哺乳動物において、該ポリペプチドへのTh17応答を含む免疫応答が誘発されることを特徴とする、前記ポリペプチド、および
(ii) アジュバント
を含む、免疫原性組成物。 - (i) SEQ ID NO:44のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも98%同一のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドであって、哺乳動物へ投与すると、該哺乳動物において、該ポリペプチドへのTh17応答を含む免疫応答が誘発されることを特徴とする、前記ポリペプチド、および
(ii) アジュバント
を含む、哺乳動物における肺炎球菌のコロニー形成を低減させる方法において使用するための免疫原性組成物。 - アジュバントが、コレラ毒素、フロイント完全アジュバント(CFA)、フロイント不完全アジュバント(IFA)、ミョウバン、もしくはアルミニウム塩アジュバントである、または含む、請求項1に記載の免疫原性組成物、または請求項2に記載の免疫原性組成物。
- 第2のペプチドまたはポリペプチド抗原をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の免疫原性組成物、または請求項2に記載の免疫原性組成物。
- Th17応答がIL-17A応答を含む、請求項1に記載の免疫原性組成物、または請求項2に記載の免疫原性組成物。
- 免疫応答が、B細胞応答をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の免疫原性組成物、または請求項2に記載の免疫原性組成物。
- ポリペプチドが、SEQ ID NO:44のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも99%同一のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の免疫原性組成物、または請求項2に記載の免疫原性組成物。
- ポリペプチドが、SEQ ID NO:44のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の免疫原性組成物、または請求項2に記載の免疫原性組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の免疫原性組成物を含む、ワクチン。
- 請求項1に記載の免疫原性組成物を含む、哺乳動物における肺炎球菌のコロニー形成を低減させる方法において使用するためのワクチン。
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