JP6908446B2 - 位置測定装置 - Google Patents
位置測定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6908446B2 JP6908446B2 JP2017121163A JP2017121163A JP6908446B2 JP 6908446 B2 JP6908446 B2 JP 6908446B2 JP 2017121163 A JP2017121163 A JP 2017121163A JP 2017121163 A JP2017121163 A JP 2017121163A JP 6908446 B2 JP6908446 B2 JP 6908446B2
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- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
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- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/28—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with deflection of beams of light, e.g. for direct optical indication
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- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
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- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
- G01D5/34707—Scales; Discs, e.g. fixation, fabrication, compensation
- G01D5/34715—Scale reading or illumination devices
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- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
- G01D5/34746—Linear encoders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/36—Forming the light into pulses
- G01D5/38—Forming the light into pulses by diffraction gratings
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Description
1.3<nZM<2.3
ここで、nZM:=隙間媒体の屈折率
5μm<dZM<100μm
ここで、dZM:=隙間媒体の厚さ
2・dx<dFP<dx/4・ρ
ここで、
dFP:=光ファイバープレートの厚さ
dx:=測定方向に沿った周期的な測定目盛の目盛周期又は非周期的な測定目盛の最小構造幅
ρ:=光ファイバープレートを介して像入射面と像出射面の間で光パターンを伝送する際に発生する、ファイバー長に対して相対的な横方向のずれに相当する、光ファイバープレートの歪み率
検出器配列が、所定の検出器周期の走査パターンによる、測定方向に沿った個々の検出器エレメントの周期的な配列から構成され、
光ファイバープレートの光ファイバーが、次の式が成り立つように、
PFPx≦PDET
ここで、
PFPx:=測定方向xに沿った第一の光ファイバー周期
PDET:=測定方向xに沿った検出器周期
測定方向に沿って、第一の光ファイバー周期による周期的な走査パターンで配置される、
と規定することができる。
PFPy=PFPx
ここで、
PFPx:=測定方向に沿った第一の光ファイバー周期
PFPy:=測定方向に対して直角の方向に沿った第二の光ファイバー周期
測定方向に対して直角の方向に沿って、第二の光ファイバー周期による周期的な走査パターンで配置されることが可能である。
dMBE≦200μm
ここで、
dMBE:=測定目盛と像入射面の間の間隔
d1=d2・(u+v)/v
d3=d2・(u+v)/u
ここで、
d1:=増分目盛の目盛周期
d2:=走査格子の有効目盛周期
d3:=検出面に発生する光パターンの周期
u:=増分目盛と走査格子の間の間隔
v:=走査格子と検出面の間の間隔
2・dx<dFP:<dx/4・ρ (式1)
ここで、
dFP:=光ファイバープレートの厚さ
dx:=測定方向に沿った周期的な測定目盛の目盛周期又は非周期的な測定目盛の最小構造幅
ρ:=光ファイバープレートを介して像入射面と像出射面の間で光パターンを伝送する場合に発生する、ファイバー長に対して相対的な横方向のずれに相当する光ファイバープレートの歪み率
dMBE≦200μm (式2)
PFPx≦PDET (式3)
ここで、
PFPx:=測定方向xに沿った第一の光ファイバー周期
PDET:=測定方向xに沿った検出器周期
PFPy=PFPx (式4)
ここで、
PFPx:=測定方向に沿った第一の光ファイバー周期
PFPy:=測定方向に対して直角の方向に沿った第二の光ファイバー周期
5μm<nZM<100μm (式6)
d1=d2・(u+v)/v (式8.1)
d3=d2・(u+v)/u (式8.2)
ここで、
d1:=増分目盛の目盛周期
d2:=走査格子の有効目盛周期
d3:=検出面に発生する光パターンの周期
u:=増分目盛と走査格子の間の間隔
v:=走査格子と検出面の間の間隔
11 測定目盛
11.1,11.2 目盛領域
12 別の測定目盛
20 走査ユニット
21 光源
22 コリメータレンズ
23 光ファイバー配列
23.1 光ファイバー
24 走査板
25 検出器配列
25.1 検出器エレメント
26 増分検出器配列
27 支持部材
28 走査格子
29 隙間媒体
dFP 光ファイバープレートの厚さ
dMBE 測定目盛と像入射面の間の間隔
dx 測定方向に沿った周期的な測定目盛の目盛周期又は非周期的な測定目盛の最小構造幅
dZM 隙間媒体の厚さ
x 測定方向
y 測定方向に対して直角の方向
z 方向
Ix 測定方向に沿った光ファイバープレートの長さ
Iy 測定方向に対して直角の方向に沿った光ファイバープレートの長さ
PDET 測定方向に沿った検出器周期
PFPx 測定方向に沿った第一の光ファイバー周期
Claims (14)
- 少なくとも一つの測定方向(x)に沿って第一の物体に対して相対的に動く第二の物体(O2)に対する第一の物体(O1)の位置を求める光学式位置測定装置であって、
第一の物体(O1)と接続されるとともに、測定方向(x)に沿って交互に配置された異なる光学特性の目盛領域(11.1,11.2)から構成された少なくとも一つの測定目盛(11)を有する、測定方向(x)に沿って延びる基準尺(10)と、
第二の物体(O2)と接続されるとともに、少なくとも一つの光源(21)と、一つの検出器配列(25)と、多数の互いに隣接して配置された光ファイバー(23.1)から構成され、これらの光ファイバーの像入射面が基準尺(10)の方を向き、これらの光ファイバーの像出射面が検出器配列(25)の方を向いた少なくとも一つの光ファイバー配列(23)とを有する走査ユニット(20)と、
を備え、
光源(21)から放射された光ビームと測定目盛(11)の間の相互作用から、光パターンが発生して、光ファイバー配列(23)が、この光パターンを検出器配列(25)の検出面に伝送する、
光学式位置測定装置において、
この光ファイバー配列(23)が、光ファイバープレートとして構成され、この光ファイバープレートの像出射面と検出器配列(25)の間に隙間媒体(29)が配置されており、この隙間媒体は、像出射面から出て来た光ビームがその光ビームの検出器配列(25)までの経路上で隙間媒体(29)が無い場合よりも小さい屈折を受けることを保証することを特徴とする光学式位置測定装置。 - 前記の隙間媒体(29)が、次の範囲内の屈折率(nZM)を有する、
1.3<nZM<2.3
ここで、nZM:=隙間媒体の屈折率
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学式位置測定装置。 - 前記の隙間媒体(29)の厚さ(dZM)が、次の範囲内である、
5μm<dZM<100μm
ここで、dZM:=隙間媒体の厚さ
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の光学式位置測定装置。 - 前記の隙間媒体(29)として、接着剤が配備されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれか一つに記載の光学式位置測定装置。
- 前記の光ファイバープレートの厚さ(dFP)が、次の範囲内である、
2・dx<dFP<dx/4・ρ
ここで、
dFP:=光ファイバープレートの厚さ
dx:=測定方向に沿った周期的な測定目盛の目盛周期又は非周期的な測定目盛の最小構造幅
ρ:=光ファイバープレートを介して像入射面と像出射面の間で光パターンを伝送する際に発生する、ファイバー長に対して相対的な横方向のずれに相当する、光ファイバープレートの歪み率
ことを特徴とする請求項1から4までのいずれか一つに記載の光学式位置測定装置。 - 前記の検出器配列(25)が、所定の検出器周期(PDET)の走査パターンによる個々の検出器エレメント(25.1)の測定方向(x)に沿った周期的な配列から構成され、
前記の光ファイバープレートの光ファイバー(23.1)が、測定方向(x)に沿って、次の式が成り立つ第一の光ファイバー周期(PFPx)の周期的な走査パターンにより配置されている、
PFPx≦PDET
ここで、
PFPx:=測定方向xに沿った第一の光ファイバー周期
PDET:=測定方向xに沿った検出器周期
ことを特徴とする請求項1から5までのいずれか一つに記載の光学式位置測定装置。 - 前記の光ファイバープレートの光ファイバー(23.1)が、測定方向(x)に対して直角の方向(y)に沿って、次の式が成り立つ第二の光ファイバー周期(PFPy)の周期的な走査パターンにより配置されている、
PFPy=PFPx
ここで、
PFPx:=測定方向に沿った第一の光ファイバー周期
PFPy:=測定方向に対して直角の方向に沿った第二の光ファイバー周期
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の光学式位置測定装置。 - 前記の測定目盛(11)と光ファイバープレートの像入射面の間の間隔(dMBE)に関して、次の式が成り立つ
dMBE≦200μm
ここで、
dMBE:=測定目盛と像入射面の間の間隔
ことを特徴とする請求項1から7までのいずれか一つに記載の光学式位置測定装置。 - 前記の光ファイバープレートが長方形の横断面を有し、その長方形の長手軸が測定方向(x)に対して平行に延びることを特徴とする請求項1から8までのいずれか一つに記載の光学式位置測定装置。
- 前記の光ファイバープレート内において、光ファイバーの間に、信号の生成に寄与しない光を吸収するガラス媒体が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から9までのいずれか一つに記載の光学式位置測定装置。
- 前記の測定目盛(11)が、絶対位置を求めるための非周期的な符号部を有する絶対測定目盛として構成され、前記の検出器配列(25)が、この絶対測定目盛から伝送されて来る非周期的な光パターンを検出するための絶対検出器配列として構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から10までのいずれか一つに記載の光学式位置測定装置。
- 前記の基準尺(10)上に、増分目盛の形の別の測定目盛(12)が前記の絶対測定目盛に対して平行に配置されており、この別の測定目盛の光学走査から、周期的な光パターンが検出面に発生し、この光パターンが、その検出面で増分検出器配列(26)により検出可能であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の光学式位置測定装置。
- 前記の増分目盛が振幅格子として構成され、この増分目盛の光学走査のために、この増分目盛と増分検出器配列(26)の間に、透過走査格子又は位相格子として構成された走査格子(28)が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の光学式位置測定装置。
- 前記の増分目盛の目盛周期(d1)と検出面に発生する光パターンの周期(d3)に関して、次の関係式が成り立つ
d1=d2・(u+v)/v
d3=d2・(u+v)/u
ここで、
d1:=増分目盛の目盛周期
d2:=走査格子の有効目盛周期
d3:=検出面に発生する光パターンの周期
u:=増分目盛と走査格子の間の間隔
v:=走査格子と検出面の間の間隔
ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の光学式位置測定装置。
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