JP6901630B2 - 電波吸収体 - Google Patents
電波吸収体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6901630B2 JP6901630B2 JP2020514633A JP2020514633A JP6901630B2 JP 6901630 B2 JP6901630 B2 JP 6901630B2 JP 2020514633 A JP2020514633 A JP 2020514633A JP 2020514633 A JP2020514633 A JP 2020514633A JP 6901630 B2 JP6901630 B2 JP 6901630B2
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- radio wave
- wave absorber
- layer
- ghz
- dielectric layer
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/0088—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a plurality of shielding layers; combining different shielding material structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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Description
本発明の電波吸収体は、45°入射の円偏波測定において、周波数帯域55〜65GHzにおける吸収性能15dB以上の吸収範囲が4GHz以上である、という特性(本明細書において、「本発明の特性」と示すこともある。)を備える。この特性を備えることにより、様々な角度からの入射に対して良好な電波吸収性を発揮することが可能である。
なお、測定試料前面に対して45°で電波を入射させ、測定試料面心の垂線に対して,ホーンアンテナを等しい角度で設置する。入射波の電界が入射面に垂直(TE波)になるような状態で測定し、反射係数ΓTEを測定する。
これを用いて、−20log|ΓCP|より円偏波に対する反射減衰量を求める。反射減衰量の絶対値を吸収性能とする。
本発明の電波吸収体の構成は、上記本発明の特性を備えるものである限り特に制限されず、例えば電波吸収体の公知の構成を採用することができる。一実施形態において、本発明の電波吸収体は、抵抗膜、誘電体層、及び反射層を有する、という構成を備える。すなわち、一実施形態において、本発明の電波吸収体は、λ/4型電波吸収体である。以下に、この実施形態について説明する。
抵抗膜は、電波吸収体において抵抗層として機能し得る層を含む限り特に制限されない。
<2−1−1−1.ITO含有抵抗層>
抵抗層としては、例えば酸化インジウムスズ(以下「ITO」とする)が用いられる。なかでも、非晶質構造が極めて安定であり、高温多湿の環境下においても抵抗層のシート抵抗の変動を抑えることができる点から、1〜40重量%のSnO2、より好ましくは2〜35重量%のSnO2を含有するITOを含有するものが好ましく用いられる。上記ITOの含有量は抵抗層中、例えば50質量%以上、好ましくは70質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上であり、通常100質量%未満である。
抵抗層としては、耐久性、シート抵抗の調整が容易である観点から、モリブデンを含有する抵抗層が好ましく用いられる。モリブデンの含有量の下限は特に限定されないが、より耐久性を高める観点から、5重量%が好ましく、7重量%がより好ましく、9重量%が更に好ましく、11重量%がより更に好ましく、13重量%が特に好ましく、15重量%が非常に好ましく、16重量%が最も好ましい。また、上記モリブデンの含有量の上限は、表面抵抗値の調整の容易化の観点から、70重量%が好ましく、30重量%がより好ましく、25重量%が更に好ましく、20重量%が更により好ましい。
耐久性の観点から、抵抗膜はバリア層を含むことが好ましい。バリア層は、抵抗層の少なくとも一方の表面上に配置される。バリア層について以下に詳述する。
む層の断面を、FE−TEM−EDX(例えば、日本電子社製「JEM−ARM200F」)により元素分析し、MNy又はMOXNyを含む層の断面の面積当たりのMとNとの元素比率からYを算出することにより、窒素原子の価数を算出することができる。
誘電体層は、電波吸収体において目的の波長に対して誘電体として機能し得るものである限り、特に制限されない。誘電体層としては、特に制限されないが、例えば樹脂シート、粘着剤等が挙げられる。
反射層は、電波吸収体において電波の反射層として機能し得るものである限り、特に制限されない。反射層としては、特に制限されないが、例えば金属膜が挙げられる。
本発明の電波吸収体が抵抗膜を有する場合、さらに支持体を有することが好ましい。これにより、抵抗膜を保護することができ、電波吸収体としての耐久性を高めることが可能である。支持体は、シート状のものである限り、特に制限されない。支持体としては、特に制限されないが、例えば樹脂基材が挙げられる。
その場合、樹脂基材中の樹脂の合計量は、例えば80質量%以上、好ましくは90質量%以上、より好ましくは95質量%以上、さらに好ましくは99質量%以上であり、通常100質量%未満である。
上記した全光線透過率は、支持体の材料の選択、光反射剤や光吸収剤等の添加剤の配合により調整することができる。
無機粉体の平均粒子径は、上記した表面張力及び全光線透過率の範囲を充足させる観点から、好ましくは50〜400nm、より好ましくは60〜390nm、さらに好ましくは70〜380nmである。
無機粉体としては、例えば二酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛等の金属酸化物が挙げられる。これらの中でも、屈折率が大きく光の散乱が大きい為、全光線透過率を調整しやすいという観点から、二酸化チタンが好ましい。
外線照射処理、オゾン処理及びプラズマ処理等の処理を行う方法、コーティング剤を塗布する方法等が挙げられる。
本発明の電波吸収体が抵抗膜、誘電体層、及び反射層を有する場合、各層は、電波吸収性能を発揮することができる順に配置される。一例として、抵抗膜、誘電体層、及び反射層は、この順に配置される。
本発明の電波吸収体は、本発明の特性(45度入射時の特定の特性)を備えるので、様々な角度からの入射(特に、円偏波の入射)、特に60GHz付近(例えば、55〜65GHz)の電波の斜め入射(特に、円偏波の入射)に対して良好な電波吸収性を発揮することが可能である。
これを用いて、−20log|ΓCP|より円偏波に対する反射減衰量を求める。反射減衰量の絶対値を吸収性能とする。
本発明の電波吸収体は、その構成に応じて、様々な方法、例えば公知の製造方法に従って又は準じて得ることができる。例えば、本発明の電波吸収体が抵抗膜、誘電体層、及び反射層を有する場合であれば、支持体上に抵抗膜、誘電体層、及び反射層を順に積層させる工程を含む方法により、得ることができる。
本発明は、その一態様において、抵抗膜及び誘電体層を有し、且つ、厚さ10μmのアルミニウム板を誘電体層の他方の面に積層した際の45°入射の円偏波測定において、周波数帯域55〜65GHzにおける吸収性能15dB以上の吸収範囲が4GHz以上となるλ/4型電波吸収体用部材に関する。なお、厚さ10μmのアルミニウム板は、誘電体層と接する表面における表面粗さ(Rz)が4μmであるアルミニウム板を用いる。
本発明の電波吸収体は、不要な電波を吸収する性能を有するため、例えば光トランシーバや、次世代移動通信システム(5G)、近距離無線転送技術等における電波対策部材として好適に利用できる。また、その他の用途として自動車、道路、人の相互間で情報通信を行う高度道路交通システム(ITS)や自動車衝突防止システムに用いるミリ波レーダーにおいても、電波干渉抑制やノイズ低減の目的で用いることができる。
(実施例1)
支持体として、厚み125μmの酸化チタン(平均粒径 200μm)を練りこんだポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(比誘電率3.4、TiO2;10重量%)を用意した。
抵抗膜の抵抗値及び/又は誘電体の厚みを表1及び表2のとおりに変更する以外は、実施例1と同様にして電波吸収体を得た。
バリア層を形成しない(抵抗層=抵抗膜とする)以外は、実施例1と同様にして電波吸収体を得た。
反射層を、厚さ10μmである銅板(Rz=0.9μm)に変更する以外は、実施例3と同様にして電波吸収体を得た。
反射層を、厚さ10μmである銅板(Rz=12μm)に変更する以外は、実施例3と同様にして電波吸収体を得た。
支持体をポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(比誘電率3.2、表面張力36dyn/cm)に変更する以外は、実施例3と同様にして電波吸収体を得た。なお大気圧プラズマ装置(積水化学工業株式会社製、「AP/TO2」、ダイレクト電極タイプ)にN2ガスを処理ガスとして導入し、投入電力900W(140V−6.4A)でプラズマガスを発生させ、15m/分の速度で搬送し、プラズマ処理を行うことで、支持体表面の表面張力を調整した。なお、プラズマ処理を行うスリット面積は200mm2(フィルムの幅方向に200mmかつ長さ方向に1mm)とした。
酸化チタン(平均粒径 200μm)を練りこんだ厚み125μmポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(TiO2;7重量%)を用意した。支持体の抵抗層と接する面とは反対の面に液状のハードコート用材料をバーコーターで塗布し、さらにその塗工膜を、ドライヤーオーブンを用いて、100℃×1分の条件で加熱乾燥した。次いで、乾燥後の塗工膜に対して紫外線を照射することにより(照射量:300mJ/cm2)、支持体上に厚さ2μmのハードコート層を配置した。
ハードコート材料としては光重合剤含有アクリル系オリゴマーに、トルエンとメチルイソブチルケトン(MIBK)とを5:5(重量比)の割合にて混合してなる混合溶媒を加えて、液状のハードコート用材料(固形分濃度:40重量%)を調製したものを用いた。
作製したハードコート層付きPETフィルム(比誘電率3.4、表面張力32dyn/cm)を支持体として用いる以外は実施例3と同様にして電波吸収体を得た。
45°入射の円偏波測定において、周波数帯域55〜65GHzにおける吸収性能15dB以上の吸収範囲を測定した。具体的には以下のようにして測定した。
これを用いて、−20log|ΓCP|より円偏波に対する反射減衰量を求めた。反射減衰量の絶対値を吸収性能とした。
斜め入射に対する電波吸収性を評価した。測定方法は、電波の入射角とホーンアンテナの角度とをそれぞれ変更した以外は、45°入射の円偏波測定と同様にして行った。周波数帯域55〜65GHzにおいて、吸収性能が10dB以上の吸収範囲を測定した。
吸収性能15dB以上の吸収範囲を測定する以外は、上記電波吸収性評価1を同様にして評価した。その結果、20度入射の場合の吸収範囲は、実施例1:9GHz、実施例2:9GHz、実施例5:1GHz、実施例6:9GHzであった。30度入射の場合の吸収範囲は、実施例1:10GHz、実施例2:6GHz、実施例5:1GHz、実施例6:10GHzであった。60度入射の場合の吸収範囲は、実施例1:10GHz、実施例2:1GHz、実施例3:8GHz、実施例4:6GHz、実施例5:6GHz、実施例6:10GHzであった。
得られた実施例3,13及び14に係る電波吸収体を10mm幅の短冊状に裁断して試験片を作製し、誘電体層の反射層に面する側とは反対側を露出させた。露出した面を、両面粘着テープ(9708、3M社製)により、測定装置の台座に固定した。この試験サンプルの反射層をJIS Z0237に準じて、剥離速度300mm/分で180°方向の引張試験を行い、180°粘着力(N/10mm)を測定した。誘電体層/反射層間の粘着力が5N/10mm以上を〇、5N/10mm未満を×とする。
得られた実施例3,15及び16に係る電波吸収体の支持体の抵抗膜に面する側とは反対の表面にサラダ油をスポイトで1滴滴下した後、リグロインを含ませたワイパー(商品名:クリーンワイパー SF30C クラレ社製)で20往復ラビングした。その後、特性の測定と同様にして測定した、45°入射における60GHzでの電波吸収量の変化量が5dB以内の場合を○、それ以上の場合を×とした。
得られた実施例3,15及び16に係る電波吸収体をサンシャインウエザーメーター(S−80、スガ試験機(株)製)を用いて、サンシャインカーボンアーク灯、相対湿度60%の条件下、1000時間の露光を行った。その後、特性の測定と同様にして測定した、45°入射における60GHzでの電波吸収量の変化量が5dB以内の場合を○、それ以上の場合を×とした。 結果を表3及び表4に示す。
2 抵抗膜
3 誘電体層
4 反射層
5 粘着剤層
6 筐体
Claims (11)
- 支持体、抵抗膜、誘電体層、及び反射層を有し、支持体の厚みが5μm以上500μm以下であり、且つ45°入射の円偏波測定において、周波数帯域55〜65GHzにおける吸収性能15dB以上の吸収範囲が4GHz以上である、電波吸収体。
- 前記抵抗膜の抵抗値が250〜520Ω/□である、請求項1に記載の電波吸収体。
- 式(1):950≦d×√ε≦1500(式中、dは誘電体層の厚み(μm)を示し、εは誘電体層の比誘電率を示す。)を満たす、請求項1又は2に記載の電波吸収体。
- 前記誘電体層の比誘電率が1〜10である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電波吸収体。
- 前記抵抗膜がバリア層を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電波吸収体。
- 前記抵抗膜がモリブデンを含有する、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の電波吸収体。
- 前記抵抗膜がさらにニッケル及びクロムを含有する、請求項6に記載の電波吸収体。
- 前記反射層の誘電体層側の表面における表面粗さ(Rz)が1μm以上10μm以下である、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の電波吸収体。
- 電波吸収体の支持体側最表面の表面張力が35dyn/cm以上である、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の電波吸収体。
- 前記支持体の全光線透過率が30%以下である、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の電波吸収体。
- 支持体、抵抗膜及び誘電体層を有し、支持体の厚みが5μm以上500μm以下であり、且つ、厚さ10μmのアルミニウム板を誘電体層の他方の面に積層した際の45°入射の円偏波測定において、周波数帯域55〜65GHzにおける吸収性能15dB以上の吸収範囲が4GHz以上となる、λ/4型電波吸収体用部材。
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