JP6896207B1 - Integrated recovery device and method for waste lead-acid battery resources - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an integrated recovery device and a recovery method for a waste lead-acid battery resource, which greatly reduces the mixing degree of the obtained recovered material and is convenient for resource recycling. A recovery device is composed of a position correction mechanism 1, a decomposition mechanism 2, a crushing mechanism and a sieving mechanism, and the recovery method includes preparation before decomposition → discharge of electrolytic solution → position correction → water jet division → high-pressure water cleaning. This is a method of cutting, crushing, and sieving waste lead-acid batteries for each group, instead of the existing manual disassembly or batch crushing method for equipment, by the steps of classification, crushing, and collection of resources. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a technical field of battery resource recovery, and specifically to an integrated recovery device and method for waste lead-acid battery resources.

The current recovery of waste lead-acid batteries has the following technical problems.
First, the efficiency is low because the lead-acid battery is manually disassembled before crushing in order to reduce the mixing content of the crushed material of the lead-acid battery.
Second, to increase efficiency, the entire lead-acid battery was crushed in bulk with a crusher, and the crushed material was screened by the gravity-water buoyancy method, but simply physically sifted, completely separating substances of different weights. It is difficult to sift through and the mixture of pulverized products is high.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an integrated recovery device and method for waste lead-acid battery resources, cutting, crushing and sieving the waste lead-acid batteries into groups, resulting in low mixing of the recovered material. , Convenient for resource recycling, specific technical solutions are as follows.

1. Recovery device The integrated recovery device for waste lead-acid battery resources designed by the present invention is composed of a position correction mechanism, a decomposition mechanism, a crushing mechanism and a sieving mechanism.

The position correction mechanism includes a transmission belt, and a height limiting roller and a rotating device whose height can be sequentially adjusted along the moving direction of the transmission belt are provided.

The disassembly mechanism includes a first disassembly device and a second disassembly device sequentially provided along the transport direction of the lead storage battery.
Consists of a disassembly device.

The first disassembling device includes two first limiting frames erected on a first slide rail and corresponding to the position of the rotating device, and a limiting roll is paired with a clamp side of the two first limiting frames. It is provided as.

The first disassembling device is a second roller provided between two first limiting frames and abutted against a rotating device, and a pair of high-pressure water provided above the two first limiting frames. It further includes a jet, a limiting clamp provided above the second roller and corresponding to the position of the high pressure water jet, and a first water tank provided below the two first limiting frames.

The second disassembling device is provided between the second limiting frame, which is erected on the second slide rail and is abutted against the first limiting frame, and is provided at the position of the second roller. Corresponding extruder, high pressure discharge nozzle provided outside the second limiting frame,
And includes a second water tank with a screen provided below the second limiting frame.

The second limiting frame is composed of a bottom frame and a top frame provided on a side away from the high-pressure discharge nozzle and connected to the bottom frame via a ball screw, and contacts the lead storage battery of the bottom frame and the top frame. A sliding ball is provided on the surface to be used.

The sieving mechanism includes a stirring sieving device and a magnetic sieving device, the magnetic sieving device including a rotatable, vertically adjustable electromagnetic strip.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the transfer direction of the lead-acid battery is set to the positive direction, and the rotating device is sequentially provided with a leather sensor and a first roller abutted with a transmission belt in the transfer path.

A rotary rod that can rotate about an axis along a plane perpendicular to the transfer direction of the lead storage battery is provided in the gap between the adjacent first rollers, and is provided at one end in a proximity direction close to the rotary rod of the first roller. An auxiliary roller is provided, and an auxiliary inclined surface is provided at a connection portion near the transfer area of the auxiliary roller and the first roller.

Since the length, width, and height data of different types of lead-acid batteries are different, after checking the outer data of the lead-acid batteries, use a height-restricting roller to transfer the lead-acid batteries so that the top cover faces sideways. It is necessary to use it to limit the position of the lead-acid battery standing on the transmission belt and to limit the orientation of the lead-acid battery top cover by a rotating device.

When the distance b from the top cover of the lead-acid battery to the bottom of the shell is larger than the distance c on both sides of the shell that clamps the top cover, the height of the leather sensor should be smaller than the distance b and larger than the distance c. It needs to be adjusted, when the lead-acid battery is passed through the rotating device so that the top cover faces up or down, the optical signal of the leather sensor is blocked, the rotating rod rotates, and the lead-acid battery top cover It will be directed to the side, which is convenient for later cutting the water jet. The principle is the same when the distance b from the top cover of the lead-acid battery to the bottom surface of the shell is smaller than the distance c on both sides of the shell that clamps the top cover.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the limiting roll includes a main rod and a buffer rod rotatably connected on a first limiting frame, the main rod via a connecting rod provided on the main rod. It is rotatably connected to one end of the buffer rod away from the first limiting frame. A wheel is provided at the connection portion between the main rod and the connection rod. A limiting plate is provided on the side of the connection portion between the main rod and the first limiting frame near the buffer rod.

The limiting roll limits the position of the lead-acid battery and reduces the effects of vibration of the lead-acid battery when the high-pressure water jet is cut. The greatest action of the limiting roll is that after cutting the lead-acid battery top cover and shell bottom with a high pressure water jet, the lead-acid battery top cover and shell bottom are first along the gap between the first limiting frame and the second roller. Dropping into the water tank of 1, at which time the limiting roll is immediately rebounded by the buffer rod, immediately limiting the position of the lead-acid battery.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the extruder includes a frame provided with an annular guide rail, and a foldable push plate is provided in the annular guide rail. The annular guide rail includes two rails along the transfer direction of the lead-acid battery, and the rail in which the forward direction of the foldable push plate and the transfer direction of the lead-acid battery are the same is located in the center of the second limiting frame and can be folded. Ensure that the formula push plate accurately pushes the lead-acid battery transfer.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the main structure of the magnetic sieving device is the same as that of the stirring sieving device except for the following.

The magnetic sieving device comprises a mixing box and a buffer box located below the mixing box. A water inlet is provided in the tangential direction at the converging opening of the mixing box.
A hollow shaft penetrating the top surface of the mixing box is provided at a position of the central axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the mixing box, and the hollow shaft is provided at the top of the mixing box via a drive structure composed of a gear set. Connected to an external motor. A connection disk is connected to one end of the hollow shaft near the buffer box, and 1 along the circumferential direction of one side edge of the connection disk near the buffer box.
An electromagnetic strip of turns is provided. A sealing disk is provided on the side of the connecting disk away from the electromagnetic strip, and the distance between the sealing disk and the connecting disk is determined.
It is the same as the vertical depth of the buffer box.

In the magnetic sieving device, for small metal materials, plastic and rubber mixtures that are difficult to separate due to gravity, the small metal materials are gradually sucked by the electromagnetic strip in the floating state, and the drive structure periodically descends according to the opening of the outlet and seals. The disk seals the connection between the vortex box and the buffer box and cuts off the power of the electromagnetic strip to avoid downward flow during the continuous discharge process, at which time a small piece attracted to the electromagnetic strip. The metallic material is discharged with a small metallic material separated by gravity.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the main body of the stirring and sieving device is composed of a mixing box, a vortex box located below the mixing box, and a buffer box. A pay port and an overflow port are provided on the mixing box, a water inlet is provided on the side surface of the vortex box, and a discharge port is provided on the bottom of the buffer box.

A hollow shaft penetrating the top surface of the mixing box is provided at a position of the central axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the mixing box, and the hollow shaft is provided at the top of the mixing box via a drive structure composed of a gear set. Is connected to an external motor. A conical head for discharge control is provided at the connection portion of the buffer box near the vortex box of the hollow shaft, and a stirring blade is provided above the conical head.

2. Recovery method S1, Preparation before disassembly Using a laser range finder, measure the outer shape of the lead-acid battery on the transmission belt immediately before entering the position correction mechanism, and measure the length a of the longest side of the lead-acid battery and the upper cover. Obtain the distance b from to the bottom of the shell and the distance c on both sides of the shell that clamps the top cover.
The outline data of the lead-acid batteries processed in the same batch is fed back to the control center, and the control center has the height of the height limiting roller smaller than the length a and larger than the intervals b and c based on the fed back data. The distance between the first limiting frame and the second limiting frame is equal to the spacing b, the height of the top frame of the second limiting frame is equal to the spacing c, and the height of the leather sensor capable of distinguishing the spacing b and c is equal to the height of the leather sensor. Adjust so that

S2, Release of electrolytic solution During the process of lifting the lead-acid battery to the position correction mechanism, a hole is made in the shell of the lead-acid battery with a punch, and the electrolytic solution is allowed to flow into the storage tank.

S3, position correction S31, when the lead-acid battery that adjusts and processes the height of the height-restricting roller passes through the height-restricting roller, the lead-acid battery standing on the transmission belt is flattened by the height-restricting roller.
S32, When the lead-acid battery passes through the leather sensor, the orientation of the lead-acid battery top cover is determined based on whether the leather sensor can receive the optical signal, and when the lead-acid battery top cover faces sideways, it is continuous. When the top cover of the lead-acid battery is directed upward, the lead-acid battery is rotated by the rotating rod.

S4, division by water jet S41, transfer of the lead-acid battery processed in step S3 to the second roller by the first roller, and with the assistance of the limiting roll, when the lead-acid battery reaches the front of the high-pressure water jet, it is restricted. The clamp moves down to secure the lead-acid battery, and a high-pressure water jet cuts the top cover of the lead-acid battery and the bottom of the shell.
The top cover cut in S42 and step S31 sinks to the bottom of the first water tank, and the bottom surface of the shell floats on the surface of the first water tank.

S5, cleaning with high-pressure water The lead-acid battery processed in step S4 is pushed by the extruder, advances along the second limiting frame, passes through the high-pressure water stream discharged from the high-pressure discharge nozzle, and is embedded inside the shell. The scavenged anode plate, cathode plate, lead paste, and residual electrolyte are washed away in the second water tank.

S6, Classification / Crushing / Collection S61, After collecting the shell floating on the surface of the first water tank, crush it with a cone crusher to obtain PP plastic.
S62, after collecting the top cover that sinks to the bottom of the first water tank, crush it with a hammer crusher to obtain a mixture of PVC plastic, PE plastic, rubber and metal scrap.
S63, the grid of the lower anode plate and the cathode plate blocked by the screen of the second water tank is collected and crushed to obtain the lead antimony alloy material.
The shells and dividers treated in S64, step S are collected and ground to obtain a PP plastic, PVC plastic or PE plastic mixture.

S7, resource collection S71, collection of metal materials: the mixture collected in step S62 is screened using a sieving mechanism, large metal scraps are roughly separated using a stirring separator, and then a magnetic sieving device is used. Small metal scraps are separated twice and three times, and the separated metal scraps are melted and collected.
S72, rubber and plastic collection: PVC plastic treated in step S71,
PE plastic, rubber, mixture is collected, the mixture is ejected onto the rebound plate using a hoist by the ejection method, and the rubber and plastic are separated by the difference in the rebound distance of rubber and plastic.
S73, Lead paste collection: After sieving with the screen, lead paste is intensively collected at the bottom of the second water tank.
S74, Collecting Lead Antimony Alloy: Collecting Lead Antimony Alloy in Step S63,
S75, collection of electrolytic solution: The electrolytic solution is collected in step S2.

Compared with the conventional lead-acid battery resource recovery device, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.
The integrated recovery device for waste lead-acid battery resources designed by the present invention cuts, crushes and sifts waste lead-acid batteries in groups instead of the existing manual disassembly or batch crushing by equipment, and the mixing ratio of the obtained recovery. Is greatly reduced, which is convenient for resource recycling.

It is an overall plan view of the apparatus of this invention. It is a structural schematic diagram of the rotating apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic side view of the 1st disassembly apparatus of this invention. It is a structural schematic diagram of the restriction roll of this invention. It is a schematic side view of the 2nd decomposition apparatus of this invention. It is a structural schematic diagram of the extruder of this invention. It is a structural schematic diagram of the sieving mechanism of this invention. The exploded schematic view of the waste lead-acid battery of this invention.

[Explanation of symbols]
1 Position correction mechanism 11 Transmission belt 12 Height limiting roller 13 Rotating device 131 Leather sensor 132 First roller 133 Rotating rod 134 Auxiliary roller 135 Auxiliary inclined surface 2 Disassembling mechanism 21 First disassembling device 211 First limiting frame 2111 Limiting Roll 21111 Main rod 21112 Cushioning rod 21113 Connection rod 21114 Wheel 21115 Limit plate 2112 First slide rail 212 Second roller 213 High pressure water jet 214 Limit clamp 215 First water tank 22 Second disassembly device 221 Second limit Frame 2211 Top frame 2212 Bottom frame 2213 Sliding ball 2214 Second slide rail 222 Extruder 2221 Frame 2222 Circular guide rail 2223 Foldable push plate 223 High pressure discharge nozzle 224 Second water tank 2241 Screen 3 Sifting mechanism 31 Stirring sieving device 311 Mixing box 3111 Supply port 3112 Overflow port 312 Vortex box 3121 Water inlet 313 Buffer box 3131 Discharge port 314 Hollow shaft 315 Stirring blade 316 Drive structure 317 Conical head 32 Magnetic sieving device 321 Connection disk 322 Electromagnetic strip 323 Sealing disk 4 Lead storage battery 41 Top cover 411 Electrode column 412 Brace 413 Liquid replenishment hole cover 42 Shell 43 Anode plate 44 Cathode plate 45 Bus bar 46 Partition plate

In order to more clearly explain the methods and effects of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings.

Examples This example mainly describes the overall structure of the present invention, but is as follows.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, the device for integrally recovering the resources of the waste lead-acid battery 4 is composed of a position correction mechanism 1, a decomposition mechanism 2, a crushing mechanism and a sieving mechanism 3.
The position correction mechanism 1 includes a transmission belt 11, and is provided with a height limiting roller 12 and a rotating device 13 whose heights can be sequentially adjusted along the moving direction of the transmission belt 11.
The decomposition mechanism 2 is composed of a first decomposition device 21 and a second decomposition device 22 which are sequentially provided along the transport direction of the lead storage battery 4.
The first disassembling device 21 is erected on the first slide rail 2112 and the rotating device 1 is installed.
The two first limiting frames 211 corresponding to the three positions are included, and the limiting rolls 2111 are provided in pairs on the clamp side of the two first limiting frames 211.
The first disassembly device 21 is provided between the two first limiting frames 211 and is a rotating device 13.
Positions of the second roller 212, the high-pressure water jet 213 provided in pairs above the two first limiting frames 211, and the high-pressure water jet 23 provided above the second roller 212. Includes a limiting clamp 214 corresponding to the above, and a first water tank 215 provided below the two first limiting frames 21.
The second disassembling device 22 is a second limiting frame 221 erected on the second slide rail 2214 and abutted with the first limiting frame 211, and the second limiting frame 221.
An extruder 222 provided between the two rollers 212 and corresponding to the position of the second roller 212, a high-pressure discharge nozzle 223 provided outside the second limiting frame 221 and a second limiting frame 2.
Includes a second water tank 224 provided below 21 with a screen 2241.
The second limiting frame 221 includes a bottom frame 2212 and a high-pressure discharge nozzle 223.
The top frame 2211 is provided on the side away from the base and is connected to the bottom frame 2212 via a ball screw, and the sliding ball 2213 is provided on the surface of the bottom frame 2212 and the top frame 2211 in contact with the lead-acid battery 4. ..
The sieving mechanism 3 includes a stirring sieving device 31 and a magnetic sieving device 32, and the magnetic sieving device 32 is a rotatable electromagnetic strip 3 whose position can be adjusted in the vertical direction.
22 is included.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the transfer direction of the lead storage battery 4 is set to the positive direction, and the rotating device 13
Is sequentially provided with a leather sensor 131 and a first roller 132 butted against the transmission belt 11 in the transfer path.
A rotary rod 133 that can rotate about an axis along a plane perpendicular to the transfer direction of the lead storage battery 4 is provided in the gap between the adjacent first rollers 132, and is close to the rotary rod 133 of the first roller 132. An auxiliary roller 134 is provided at one end in the proximity direction, and an auxiliary inclined surface 135 is provided at a connection portion near the transfer region of the auxiliary roller 134 and the first roller 132.
Since the length, width, and height data of the different types of lead-acid batteries 4 are different, after checking the outer data of the lead-acid batteries 4, the lead-acid batteries 4 are transferred so that the upper cover 41 faces sideways. The limiting roller 12 is used to limit the position of the lead-acid battery 4 standing on the transmission belt 11.
It is necessary to limit the orientation of the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 by the rotating device 13.
When the distance b from the top cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 to the bottom surface of the shell 42 is larger than the distance c on both side surfaces of the shell 42 that clamps the top cover 41, the height of the leather sensor 131 is made smaller than the distance b. It is necessary to adjust so that it is larger than the lead-acid battery 4 at this time.
When the upper cover 41 passes through the rotating device 13 so as to move upward or downward, the optical signal of the leather sensor 131 is cut off, the rotating rod 133 rotates, and the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 faces sideways. It is convenient for cutting the water jet later. The distance b from the top cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 to the bottom surface of the shell 42 clamps the top cover 41.
The principle is the same when the distance between both sides of 2 is smaller than c.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the limiting roll 2111 includes a main rod 21111 and a buffer rod 21112 rotatably connected onto the first limiting frame 211, the main rod 21111 being connected above it. Buffer rod 2111 via rod 21113
It is rotatably connected to one end away from the first limiting frame 211 of the second. A wheel 21114 is provided at the connection portion between the main rod 21111 and the connection rod 21113. Buffer rod 2111 at the connection between the main rod 21111 and the first limiting frame 211
A limiting plate 21115 is provided on the side closer to 2.
The limiting roll 2111 limits the position of the lead-acid battery 4 and reduces the vibration effect of the lead-acid battery 4 when cut by the high-pressure water jet 213. The most main action of the limiting roll 2111 is to cut the top cover of the lead-acid battery 4 and the bottom surface of the shell 42 by the high-pressure water jet 213, and then cut the top cover of the lead-acid battery 4 and the bottom surface of the shell 42 into the first limiting frame 211 and the first limiting frame 211. It is to drop into the first water tank 215 along the gap of the roller 212 of 2, and at this time, the limiting roll 2111 is immediately rebounded under the action of the buffer rod 21112, and the position of the lead storage battery 4 is immediately restricted. To do.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the extruder 222 includes a frame 2221 provided with an annular guide rail 2222, and a foldable push plate 2 is contained in the annular guide rail 2222.
223 is provided. The annular guide rail 2222 includes two rails along the transfer direction of the lead-acid battery 4, and the rail in which the forward direction of the foldable push plate 2223 and the transfer direction of the lead-acid battery 4 are the same is in the center of the second limiting frame 221. Positioned to ensure that the foldable push plate 2223 accurately pushes the transfer of lead-acid battery 4.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the main body structure of the magnetic sieving device 32 is the same as that of the stirring sieving device 31 except for the following.
The magnetic sieving device 32 is composed of a mixing box 311 and a buffer box 313 located below the mixing box 311. A water inlet 3121 is provided tangentially to the converging opening of the mixing box 311, and a hollow shaft 314 penetrating the top surface of the mixing box 311 is provided at a position of the central axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the mixing box 311. The hollow shaft 314 is a drive structure 31 provided on the top of the mixing box 311 and composed of a gear set.
It is connected to an external motor via 6. A connection disk 321 is provided at one end of the hollow shaft 314 near the buffer box 313, and a one-turn electromagnetic strip 322 is provided along the circumferential direction of the side edge of the connection disk 321 near the buffer box 313. A ceiling disk 323 is provided on the side of the connection disk 321 away from the electromagnetic strip 322, and the distance between the ceiling disk 323 and the connection disk 321 is the same as the vertical depth of the buffer box 313.
In the magnetic sieving device 32, for small metal materials, plastics and rubber mixtures that are difficult to separate due to gravity, the small metal materials are gradually attracted by the electromagnetic strip 322 in a floating state, and the drive structure 316 periodically opens the discharge port 3131. As the sealing disk 323 seals the connection between the vortex box 312 and the buffer box 313 to avoid downward flow during the continuous discharge process, it shuts off the power of the electromagnetic strip 322. At this time, the small metal material attracted by the electromagnetic strip 322 is discharged together with the small metal material separated by gravity.

Specifically, the main body of the stirring and sieving device 31 is composed of a mixing box 311 and a vortex box 312 and a buffer box 313 located below the mixing box 311. Payroll 3111 and overflow port 3112 in the mixing box 311
Is provided, a water inlet 3121 is provided on the side surface of the vortex box 312, and a discharge port is provided on the bottom of the buffer box 313.
A hollow shaft 314 penetrating the top surface of the mixing box 311 is provided at a position of the central axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the mixing box 311. The hollow shaft 314 is provided on the top of the mixing box 311 and is composed of a gear set. It is connected to an external motor via a drive structure 316. A conical head 317 for discharge control is provided at a connection portion close to the vortex box 312 and the buffer box 313 of the hollow shaft 314, and a stirring blade 315 is provided above the conical head 317.

Application Example In this application example, the battery recovery operation flow of the present invention will be described based on the structure in the above embodiment, and the specifics are as follows.

S1, Preparation before disassembly Using a laser range finder, measure the outer shell of the lead-acid battery 4 of the transmission belt 11 immediately before entering the position correction mechanism 1, and measure the length a of the longest side of the lead-acid battery 4 and the upper cover 41. Obtain the distance b from to the bottom surface of the shell 42 and the distance c on both sides of the shell 42 that clamps the top cover 41.
The outer data of the lead-acid battery 4 processed in the same batch is fed back to the control center, and the control center determines that the height of the height limiting roller 12 is smaller than the length a and larger than the intervals b and c based on the feedback data. First limiting frame 211 and second
The leather sensor 131 has an interval of the limiting frames 221 equal to the interval b, the height of the top frame 2211 of the second limiting frame 221 is equal to the interval c, and the intervals b and c can be distinguished.
Adjust so that it is equal to the height of.

S2, During the process of lifting the lead-acid battery 4 to be discharged from the electrolytic solution to the position correction mechanism 1, a hole is made in the shell 42 of the lead-acid battery 4 with a punch, and the electrolytic solution is allowed to flow into the storage tank.

S3, position correction S31, the lead storage battery 4 that adjusts and processes the height of the height limiting roller 12 is the height limiting roller 12
The lead-acid battery 4 standing on the transmission belt 11 is flattened by the height limiting roller 12 when passing through.
S32, when the lead-acid battery 4 passes through the leather sensor 131, the orientation of the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 is determined based on whether the leather sensor 131 can receive an optical signal, and the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 determines the orientation. When it goes to the side, it continuously transfers, and when the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 goes upward, the rotary rod 133 is started to rotate the lead-acid battery 4.

The lead-acid battery 4 processed in S4, the water jet division S41, and step S3 is transferred to the second roller 212 by the first roller 132, and the lead-acid battery 4 is in front of the high-pressure water jet 213 with the assistance of the limiting roll 2111. When it reaches, the limiting clamp 214 moves downward to fix the lead-acid battery 4, and the high-pressure water jet 213 cuts the top cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 and the bottom surface of the shell 42.
The upper cover 41 cut in S42 and step S31 sinks to the bottom of the first water tank 215, and the bottom surface of the shell 42 floats on the surface of the first water tank 215.

S5, cleaning with high-pressure water When the lead-acid battery 4 treated in step S4 is pushed by the extruder 222, advances along the second limiting frame 221 and passes through the high-pressure water stream discharged from the high-pressure discharge nozzle 223, the shell The anode plate 43, the cathode plate 44, the lead paste, and the residual electrolyte solution embedded inside the 42 are washed away in the second water tank 224.

S6, Classification / Crushing / Collection S61, After collecting the shell 42 on the surface of the first water tank 215, crush it with a cone crusher to obtain PP plastic.
S62, after collecting the top cover 41 that sinks to the bottom of the first water tank 215, crush it with a hammer crusher to obtain a mixture of PVC plastic, PE plastic, rubber, and metal scrap.
S63, the grid of the anode plate 43 and the cathode plate 44 blocked by the screen 2241 of the second water tank 224 is collected and pulverized to obtain a lead antimony alloy material.
The shell 42 and the partition plate 56 processed in S64 and step S5 are collected, crushed and P.
Obtain a mixture of P plastic, PVC plastic or PE plastic.

S7, resource collection S71, metal material collection: The mixture collected in step S62 is screened using the sieving mechanism 3, the large metal scrap is roughly separated using the stirring separation device 41, and then the magnetic sieving device 32. Separate small metal scraps twice and three times using, and melt and recover the separated metal scraps,
S72, rubber and plastic collection: PVC plastic treated in step S71, P
E. Collect the plastic, rubber, mixture, eject the mixture onto the rebound plate using a hoist by the ejection method, and separate the rubber and plastic by the difference in the distance between the rubber and the plastic rebound.
S73, lead paste collection: After sieving by the screen 2241, a second
Intensive collection of lead paste on the bottom of the water tank 224,
S74, Collecting Lead Antimony Alloy: Collecting Lead Antimony Alloy in Step S63,
S75, collection of electrolytic solution: The electrolytic solution is collected in step S2.

Experimental Examples In this experimental example, the recovery method in the above application examples will be described, and the specific effects of the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples.
There are various types of lead-acid batteries, which are divided into main plastic shells, rubber shells, and polypropylene shells. The waste lead-acid batteries used in this experimental example are lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles with plastic shells, and are purchased from electric bicycle repair shops. The total weight is 7.1 kg, the longest side length a is 180 mm, the distance from the top cover 41 to the bottom surface of the shell 42 is 165 mm, and both side surfaces of the shell 42 that clamps the top cover 41. The interval is 80m
m.
The composition of each component of the lead-acid battery is shown in Table 1, and the composition of the grid and lead paste in the lead-acid battery is shown in Table 2.
Table 1 Composition of each component of waste lead-acid battery

Table 2 Grid and lead paste composition of waste lead-acid batteries

As can be seen from the data in Tables 1 and 2, the lead-acid battery weight is mainly concentrated in the grid and lead paste of the electrode plate, the lead content is about 60%, the grid is about 93% lead, antimony 3 Includes% and small amounts of other metals. Therefore, in order to recover high-purity lead, it is necessary to screen and collect the grid in step S63 and to screen and collect the lead paste in step S63.
The lead-acid battery is decomposed by the decomposition method in the above application example, and the mass part of each component is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Mass distribution of each component of the lead-acid battery after decomposition

Before and after disassembly, the mass difference of lead-acid batteries is 0.08 kg, accounting for 1.13% of the total mass, which is an inevitable loss during material collection and transfer between processes.
As can be seen from Tables 1, 2 and 3, most of the metal weight of the lead-acid battery is concentrated on the electrode plate, and the weight of the plastic and rubber is concentrated on the upper cover 41 and the shell 42.
The density of the plastic is about 1.05 g / cm ³ , and the sedimentation rates of plastics with different particle sizes in different water-saving sections are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Plastics with different particle sizes settle in different water-saving sections

Weight of the metal in the battery cover is mainly concentrated in the bus bar, the bus bar is mainly copper - consists of an aluminum alloy, the average density is about 6.1 g / cm ^3, the alloy of the different particle sizes in different water saving interval The sedimentation rate of is shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Sedimentation velocities of alloys with different particle sizes in different water-saving sections

As can be seen by comparing the data in Tables 4 and 5, when the particle size of the metal alloy is large, the difference in the total sedimentation rate of the plastic is large, but when the particle size of the alloy is 0.2 mm, the particle size is 20 mm. Close to the settling rate of plastic. At this time, since it is difficult to separate the two by the gravity separation method, it is necessary to use a magnetic sieving device 32 to separate small metals and plastics having similar sedimentation velocities.
In the magnetic sieving device 32, the recovery rates of the overflow material from the overflow port 3112 and the sedimentation material from the discharge port 3131 are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Recovery rate of each component of overflow material and sedimentation material

As can be seen from the data in Table 6, the content of plastic rubber in the overflow material is 9
It reached 9.28%, much higher than the content in the precipitate material, the content of small metals in the precipitate material reached 98.02%, much higher than the content in the overflow material, which is , The sieving mechanism 3 designed in the present invention shows that a small metal can be effectively separated from the plastic rubber.

Claims (6)

An integrated recovery device for waste lead-acid battery resources consisting of a position correction mechanism (1), a decomposition mechanism (2), a crushing mechanism, and a sieving mechanism (3).
The position correction mechanism (1) includes a transmission belt (11), and a height-adjustable height limiting roller (12) and a rotating device (13) are sequentially adjusted in height along the moving direction of the transmission belt (11). Is provided,
The decomposition mechanism (2) is composed of a first decomposition device (21) and a second decomposition device (22) sequentially provided along the transport direction of the lead storage battery (4).
The first disassembling device (21) is erected on a first slide rail (2112) and includes two first limiting frames (211) corresponding to the position of the rotating device (13).
A pair of limiting rolls (2111) on the clamp side of each of the first limiting frames (211).
) Is provided,
The first disassembling device (21) is a second roller (212) provided between two first limiting frames (211) and abutted with a rotating device (13), the two first limiting devices. A pair of high pressure water jets (213) provided above the frame (211), limiting clamps (214) corresponding to the positions of the high pressure water jets (23) above the second roller (212), and. Further including a first water tank (215) provided below the two first limiting frames (21).
The second disassembling device (22) is a second limiting frame (221) erected on a second slide rail (2214) and abutted with a first limiting frame (211), and the second limiting frame. An extruder (222) provided between (221) and corresponding to the position of the second roller (212), a high pressure discharge nozzle (223) provided outside the second limiting frame (221), and A screen (224) provided below the second limiting frame (221).
Includes a second water tank (224) with 1)
The second limiting frame (221) includes a bottom frame (2212) and a high-pressure discharge nozzle (2).
It is composed of a top frame (2211) provided on the side separated from the bottom frame (23) and connected to the bottom frame (2212) via a ball screw, and the lead storage battery (2211) of the bottom frame (2212) and the top frame (2211). A sliding ball (2213) is provided on the surface in contact with 4), and a sliding ball (2213) is provided.
The sieving mechanism (3) includes a stirring sieving device (31) and a magnetic sieving device (31).
32), the magnetic sieving device (32) includes a vertically adjustable rotary electromagnetic strip (322).
An integrated recovery device for waste lead-acid battery resources. The transfer direction of the lead-acid battery (4) is the positive direction, and the rotating device (13) is a first roller (132) that is sequentially abutted with a leather sensor (131) and a transmission belt (11) on the transfer path.
) Including
A rotating rod (133) that can rotate about an axis along a plane perpendicular to the transfer direction of the lead storage battery (4) is provided in the gap between the adjacent first rollers (132), and the first roller (1). 13
An auxiliary roller (134) is provided at one end of the rotating rod (133) adjacent to the rotating rod (133) in the proximity direction, and an auxiliary inclined surface is provided at a connection portion between the auxiliary roller (134) and the first roller (132) near the transfer region. The integrated recovery device for waste lead-acid battery resources according to claim 1, wherein (135) is provided. The limiting roll (2111) includes a main rod (21111) and a buffer rod (21112) rotatably connected on a first limiting frame (211), the main rod (21111) being provided on it. Buffer rod (21113) via connecting rod (21113)
21112) rotatably connected to one end away from the first limiting frame (211)
A wheel (21) is connected to the main rod (21111) and the connecting rod (21113).
114) is provided
The waste lead according to claim 1, wherein a limiting plate (2115) is provided on the side of the connection portion between the main rod (21111) and the first limiting frame (211) near the buffer rod (21112). Integrated recovery device for storage battery resources. The extruder (222) is a frame (22) provided with an annular guide rail (2222).
21) The integrated recovery device for waste lead-acid battery resources according to claim 1, wherein a foldable push plate (2223) is provided in the annular guide rail (2222). The magnetic sieving device (32) is mainly composed of a mixing box (311) and a buffer box (313) located below the mixing box (311).
A water inlet (3121) is provided tangentially to the converging opening of the mixing box (311), and the mixing box (311) is located at a position of the central axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the mixing box (311).
A hollow shaft (314) is provided through the top surface of the mixing box (314), and the hollow shaft (314) is attached to an external motor via a drive structure (316) provided at the top of the mixing box (311) and composed of a gear set. Connected,
A connection disk (321) is connected to one end of the hollow shaft (314) near the buffer box (313), and one turn along the circumferential direction is provided at the edge of the connection disk (321) near the buffer box (313). Electromagnetic strip (322) is connected,
A ceiling disk (323) is provided on the side of the connection disk (321) away from the electromagnetic strip (322), and the ceiling disk (323) and the connection disk (321) are provided.
The integrated recovery device for waste lead-acid battery resources according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the) is the same as the vertical depth of the buffer box (313). A method for integrally recovering lead-acid battery resources using the recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
S1, Preparation before disassembly Using a laser range finder, measure the outer shell of the lead-acid battery (4) on the transmission belt (11) immediately before entering the position correction mechanism (1), and measure the longest side of the lead-acid battery (4). Length a and top cover (41
) To the bottom surface of the shell (42) and the distance c on both sides of the shell (42) that clamps the top cover (41).
The outer data of the lead-acid battery (4) to be processed in the same batch is fed back to the control center, and the control center uses the height limiting roller (based on the feedback data).
The height of 12) is smaller than the length a and larger than the intervals b and c, and the first limiting frame (21)
The interval between 1) and the second limiting frame (221) is equal to the interval b, and the second limiting frame (2)
21) A step of adjusting the height of the top frame (2211) to be equal to the height of the leather sensor (131) capable of distinguishing the intervals b and c.
S2, During the process of lifting the lead-acid battery (4) to be discharged from the electrolyte to the position correction mechanism (1), a punch is used to make a hole in the shell (42) of the lead-acid battery (4) to store the electrolyte in the storage tank. And the steps to make it flow into
S3, position correction S31, adjusting the height of the height limiting roller (12) and processing When the lead storage battery (4) passes through the height limiting roller (12), the lead storage battery (4) on the transmission belt (11) ) Is flattened by the height limiting roller (12)
When S32, the lead storage battery (4) passes through the leather sensor (131), the leather sensor (131)
) Determines the orientation of the lead-acid battery (4) top cover (41) based on whether it has received an optical signal, and if the lead-acid battery (4) top cover (41) faces sideways, it is continuous. When the transfer is performed and the upper cover (41) of the lead-acid battery (4) is directed upward, the step of starting the rotating rod (133) to rotate the lead-acid battery (4), and
The lead-acid battery (4) processed in S4, split S41 by a water jet, and step S3 is seconded by a first roller (132).
When the lead-acid battery (4) reaches the front of the high-pressure water jet (213) with the assistance of the limiting roll (2111), the limiting clamp (214) moves down to the lead-acid battery. (4) was fixed, and the high-pressure water jet (213) cut the bottom surface of the top cover (41) and shell (42) of the lead-acid battery (4).
The upper cover (41) cut by S42 and step S31 is the first water tank (21).
A step that sinks to the bottom of 5) and the bottom of the shell (42) floats on the surface of the first water tank (215).
S5, Cleaning with high-pressure water The lead-acid battery (4) processed in step S4 is pushed by the extruder (222), advances along the second limiting frame (221), and is discharged from the high-pressure discharge nozzle (223). After passing through the high-pressure water stream, the anode plate (43) and cathode plate (44) embedded inside the shell (42)
), Lead paste, and residual electrolyte are washed away in a second water tank (224).
S6, Classification / Crushing / Collection S61, After collecting the shell (42) floating on the surface of the first water tank (215), crush it with a cone crusher to obtain PP plastic.
S62, after collecting the top cover (41) that sinks to the bottom of the first water tank (215), crush it with a hammer crusher to obtain a mixture of PVC plastic, PE plastic, rubber and metal scrap.
S63, the anode plate (2241) blocked by the screen (2241) of the second water tank (224).
43), the grid of the cathode plate (44) is collected and ground to obtain a lead antimony alloy material.
S64, the step of collecting the shell (42) and the divider (56) treated in step S5 and grinding to obtain a mixture of PP plastic, PVC plastic or PE plastic, and
S7, resource collection S71, metal material collection: The mixture collected in step S62 is screened by the sieving mechanism (3), large metal scrap is roughly separated by the stirring and separating device (41), and then the magnetic sieving device (32) is used. ) Separates small metal scraps twice and three times, and melts and recovers the separated metal scraps.
S72, rubber and plastic collection: PVC plastic treated in step S71,
PE plastic, rubber, mixture is collected, the mixture is ejected to a rebound plate using a hoist by the ejection method, and the rubber and plastic are separated by the difference in rubber, plastic rebound distance.
S73, Lead paste collection: After sieving by the screen (2241)
Intensive collection of lead paste on the bottom of the second water tank (224)
Collection of S74, lead antimony alloy: The lead antimony alloy is collected by step S63.
S75, collection of electrolytic solution: The step of collecting the electrolytic solution in step S2 and
A method for integrated recovery of lead-acid battery resources, which is characterized by containing.

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