CN112916584B - Comprehensive recovery device and method for waste lead-acid battery resources - Google Patents
Comprehensive recovery device and method for waste lead-acid battery resources Download PDFInfo
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- CN112916584B CN112916584B CN202110112481.5A CN202110112481A CN112916584B CN 112916584 B CN112916584 B CN 112916584B CN 202110112481 A CN202110112481 A CN 202110112481A CN 112916584 B CN112916584 B CN 112916584B
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Geology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of battery resource recovery, in particular to a comprehensive recovery device and a comprehensive recovery method for waste lead acid battery resources; the device consists of a position correcting mechanism, a decomposing mechanism, a crushing mechanism and a screening mechanism; the method realizes the resource recovery of the waste lead-acid battery through the steps of preparation before decomposition → electrolyte release → position correction → water jet cutting → high-pressure water washing → classified crushing and collection → resource collection; the existing manual splitting or machine integral crushing mode is changed, the waste lead acid battery can be cut, crushed and screened according to different components, the mixing degree of the obtained recycled materials is greatly reduced, and the recycling is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery resource recovery, in particular to a comprehensive recovery device and method for waste lead acid battery resources.
Background
The existing waste lead-acid battery recovery has the following technical problems:
firstly, in order to reduce the degree of mixing of the broken materials of the lead-acid battery, the lead-acid battery is disassembled manually before being broken, so that the efficiency is low;
secondly, in order to improve the efficiency, a crusher is used for crushing the whole lead-acid battery, and then the crushed materials are screened by using a gravity-water buoyancy method, but different materials with the same weight are difficult to be screened completely due to the fact that only a single physical property is used for screening, and the mixing degree of the subsequent crushed materials is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a comprehensive recovery device and a comprehensive recovery method for waste lead-acid battery resources, which can cut, crush and screen the waste lead-acid battery according to different components, the obtained recovered materials have low mixing degree and are convenient for resource recovery, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
first, recovery device
The invention relates to a comprehensive recovery device for waste lead-acid battery resources, which consists of a position correcting mechanism, a decomposing mechanism, a crushing mechanism and a screening mechanism.
The position correcting mechanism comprises a transmission belt, and a height-adjustable height-limiting roller and a turnover device are sequentially arranged in the motion direction of the transmission belt.
The decomposition mechanism is composed of a first decomposition device and a second decomposition device which are sequentially arranged along the transportation direction of the lead-acid battery.
The first decomposition device comprises two first limiting frames which are erected on the first sliding rail and correspond to the turnover device in position, and limiting rollers are arranged on the clamping and forcing sides of the two first limiting frames in pairs.
The first decomposition device further comprises a second roller, a high-pressure water knife, a limiting clamp and a first water tank, wherein the second roller is arranged between the two first limiting frames and is in butt joint with the turnover device, the high-pressure water knife is arranged above the two first limiting frames in pairs, the limiting clamp is arranged above the second roller and corresponds to the high-pressure water knife in position, and the first water tank is arranged below the two first limiting frames.
The second decomposition device comprises a second limiting frame, a pushing device, a high-pressure spray head and a second water tank, wherein the second limiting frame is erected on a second sliding rail and is in butt joint with the first limiting frame, the pushing device is arranged between the second limiting frames and corresponds to the second roller in position, the high-pressure spray head is arranged on the outer side of the second limiting frame, and the second water tank is arranged below the second limiting frame and is provided with a screen.
The second limiting frame consists of a bottom frame and a top frame which is arranged on one side far away from the high-pressure spray head and connected with the bottom frame through a ball screw; and sliding balls are arranged on the surfaces of the bottom frame and the top frame, which are contacted with the lead-acid battery.
Screening mechanism includes stirring screening plant and magnetic screening plant, magnetic screening plant is including can spin and position adjustable's electric magnetic stripe on vertical direction.
According to one aspect of the invention, the turning device is provided with a laser sensor and a first roller butted with a transmission belt on a transmission path in sequence by taking the transmission direction of the lead-acid battery as the positive direction.
A turnover rod capable of rotating around a shaft along a plane perpendicular to the transmission direction of the lead-acid battery is arranged in a gap between the adjacent first rollers; an auxiliary roller is arranged at one end of the first roller, which is close to the approaching direction of the turnover rod; and an auxiliary inclined plane is arranged at the joint of the auxiliary roller and the first roller, which is close to the transmission area.
Because the length, width and height data of lead-acid batteries of different models are different, after the outline data of the lead-acid batteries are determined, if the lead-acid batteries are required to be transmitted in a mode that the upper cover is laterally visited, the height limiting roller is required to be used for limiting the lead-acid batteries on the transmission belt, and then the overturning device is used for limiting the orientation of the upper cover of the lead-acid batteries.
If the distance b between the upper cover of the lead-acid battery and the bottom surface of the shell is larger than the distance c between the upper cover of the lead-acid battery and the two side surfaces of the shell, the height of the laser sensor needs to be adjusted in advance to be smaller than the distance b and larger than the distance c; when the lead-acid battery passes through the turnover device in an upward or downward posture, the optical signal of the laser sensor is received and blocked, and the turnover rod is turned over to enable the upper cover of the lead-acid battery to face the side, so that the follow-up water jet cutting is facilitated. The principle is the same when the distance b between the upper cover of the lead-acid battery and the bottom surface of the shell is smaller than the distance c between the upper cover and the two side surfaces of the shell.
According to one aspect of the invention, the limiting roller comprises a main rod and a buffer rod which are both rotatably connected to the first limiting frame; the main rod is rotatably connected with one end, away from the first limiting frame, of the buffer rod through a connecting rod arranged on the main rod. And a roller is arranged at the joint of the main rod and the connecting rod. And a limiting plate is arranged on one side, close to the buffer rod, of the joint of the main rod and the first limiting frame.
The limiting idler wheels can limit the lead-acid battery, and the vibration influence of the lead-acid battery during cutting of the high-pressure water jet cutter is reduced. The most main functions of the limiting roller are as follows: after the upper cover and the casing bottom surface of the lead-acid battery are cut down by the high-pressure water jet cutter, the upper cover and the casing bottom surface of the lead-acid battery can fall to the first water tank along the gap between the first limiting frame and the second roller, and the limiting roller can rebound in time under the action of the buffer rod at the moment to limit the lead-acid battery at the first time.
According to one aspect of the invention, the pushing device comprises a frame provided with an annular guide rail, and a folding push plate is arranged in the annular guide rail. The annular guide rail is provided with two tracks along the transmission direction of the lead-acid battery, and the track with the advancing direction of the folding push plate being the same as the transmission direction of the lead-acid battery is positioned in the middle of the second limiting frame, so that the folding push plate can accurately push the lead-acid battery to be transmitted.
According to one aspect of the invention, the magnetic screening device has the same main structure as the stirring screening device, except that:
the magnetic screening device is composed of a mixing box and a buffer box positioned below the mixing box. The aperture convergence department tangential of mixing box is provided with the water inlet, the center axis position of mixing box perpendicular to horizontal plane is provided with the hollow shaft that passes the mixing box top surface, the hollow shaft is connected with outside motor through the drive structure who sets up at the mixing box top, constitute by the gear train. The hollow shaft is close to the one end of baffle-box and is connected with the connection pad, one side edge that the connection pad is close to the baffle-box is provided with round electric magnetic stripe along circumference. One side that the electric magnetic stripe was kept away from to the connection pad is provided with sealed dish, the distance between sealed dish and the connection pad is the same with the degree of depth of baffle-box in vertical direction.
In the magnetic screening device, be difficult to the small-size footpath metal feed through gravity separation, plastics and rubber mixture, small-size footpath metal feed can adsorb gradually on the electric magnetic stripe under the suspended state, but drive structure periodic along with the decline of opening of discharge gate, seal the junction of living vortex case and surge tank when sealed dish, avoid arranging the in-process in succession and produce when falling the torrent, cut off the power supply on the electric magnetic stripe, adsorbed small-size footpath metal feed will discharge together with the small-size footpath metal feed through gravity separation on the electric magnetic stripe this moment.
According to one aspect of the invention, the main body of the agitator screen is made up of a mixing box and a vortex box and a buffer box located below the mixing box. The mixing box is provided with a feed inlet and an overflow port, the side surface of the vortex box is provided with a water inlet, and the bottom of the buffer box is provided with a discharge port.
The central axis position of mixing box perpendicular to horizontal plane is provided with the hollow shaft that passes the mixing box top surface, the hollow shaft is connected with outside motor through the drive structure who sets up at the mixing box top, constitute by the gear train. The hollow shaft is provided with a conical head for controlling discharging at the joint of the vortex box and the buffer box, and stirring blades are arranged above the conical head.
Second, recovery method
S1, preparation before decomposition
Carrying out profile measurement on the lead-acid battery which is positioned on the transmission belt and is about to enter the position correcting mechanism by using a laser range finder to obtain the length a of the longest edge of the lead-acid battery, the distance b between the upper cover and the bottom surface of the shell and the distance c between the upper cover and the two side surfaces of the shell;
feeding back profile data of lead-acid batteries to be processed in the same batch to a control center, wherein the control center adjusts the height of a height limiting roller to be smaller than a length a and larger than the distances b and c according to the feedback data, the distance between a first limiting frame and a second limiting frame is equal to the distance b, the height of an upper top frame on the second limiting frame is equal to the distance c, and the heights of laser sensors capable of distinguishing the distances b and c are different;
s2 releasing electrolyte
In the process of lifting the lead-acid battery to be processed to the position rectifying mechanism, the perforator is used for puncturing the shell of the lead-acid battery so as to enable the electrolyte to flow into the liquid storage tank;
s3, position correction
S31, adjusting the height of the height limiting roller, and when the lead-acid battery to be processed passes through the height limiting roller, the lead-acid battery standing on the transmission belt is leveled by the height limiting roller;
s32, when the lead-acid battery passes through the laser sensor, judging the orientation of the upper cover of the lead-acid battery by judging whether the laser sensor can receive optical signals; if the upper cover of the lead-acid battery faces the side, the transmission is continued, and if the upper cover of the lead-acid battery faces the upper side, the turnover rod is started to turn over the lead-acid battery;
s4, water jet cutting
S41, the lead-acid battery processed in the step S3 is transmitted to a second roller through a first roller, under the assistance of a limiting roller, when the lead-acid battery moves to the front of a high-pressure water knife, a limiting clamp moves downwards to fix the lead-acid battery, and the high-pressure water knife cuts off an upper cover of the lead-acid battery and the bottom surface of a shell;
s42, sinking the upper cover cut in the step S31 into the bottom of the first water tank, and floating the bottom surface of the shell on the surface of the first water tank;
s5, high-pressure water flushing
The lead-acid battery processed in the step S4 is pushed by the pushing device to move forward along the second limiting frame, and when passing through the high-pressure water flow sprayed by the high-pressure spray head, the anode plate, the cathode plate, the lead paste and the residual electrolyte embedded in the shell are all flushed into the second water tank;
s6, classifying, crushing and collecting
S61, collecting the shell floating on the surface of the first water tank, and crushing by using a cone crusher to obtain PP plastic;
s62, collecting the upper cover sunk to the bottom of the first water tank, and crushing by using a hammer crusher to obtain a mixture of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastics, PE (polyethylene) plastics, rubber and metal waste;
s63, collecting grid plates intercepted by a screen of the second water tank and used for lowering the anode plate and the cathode plate, and crushing the grid plates to obtain a lead-antimony alloy material;
s64, collecting the shell and the partition plate processed in the step S, and crushing to obtain PP plastic, PVC plastic or PE plastic mixture;
s7, collecting resources
S71, collecting metal materials: screening the mixture collected in the step S62 by using a screening mechanism, primarily separating large metal waste by using a stirring screening device, secondarily and thirdly separating small-particle-size metal waste by using a magnetic screening device, and melting and recycling the separated metal waste;
s72, collecting rubber and plastic: collecting the PVC plastic, PE plastic, rubber and mixture obtained after the treatment of the step S71, ejecting the mixture onto a bounce board by a winch by using an ejection method, and separating the rubber from the plastic by using the difference of the rebound distances of the rubber and the plastic;
s73, lead paste collection: after being screened by the screen, lead plaster can be collected at the bottom of the second water tank in a centralized manner;
s74, collecting lead-antimony alloy: the lead-antimony alloy may be collected via step S63;
s75, collecting electrolyte: the electrolyte may be collected via step S2.
Compared with the existing lead-acid battery resource recovery device, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the comprehensive recovery device for the waste lead-acid battery resources, which is designed by the invention, changes the existing manual splitting or machine integral crushing mode, and can cut, crush and screen the waste lead-acid battery according to different components, so that the mixing degree of the obtained recovered materials is greatly reduced, and the resource recovery is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall top view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the turning device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a first deconstruction device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the spacing roller of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a second decomposition device according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pushing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the sifting mechanism of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the waste lead acid battery of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a position correcting mechanism, 11-a conveying belt, 12-a height limiting roller, 13-a turnover device, 131-a laser sensor, 132-a first roller, 133-a turnover rod, 134-an auxiliary roller and 135-an auxiliary inclined plane;
2-a decomposition mechanism;
21-a first decomposition device, 211-a first limit frame, 2111-a limit roller, 21111-a main rod, 21112-a buffer rod, 21113-a connecting rod, 21114-a roller, 21115-a limit plate, 2112-a first slide rail, 212-a second roller, 213-a high-pressure water knife, 214-a limit clamp and 215-a first water tank;
22-a second decomposition device, 221-a second limit frame, 2211-a top frame, 2212-a bottom frame, 2213-a sliding ball, 2214-a second sliding rail, 222-a pushing device, 2221-a rack, 2222-a circular guide rail, 2223-a folding push plate, 223-a high-pressure spray head, 224-a second water tank and 2241-a screen;
3-a screening mechanism;
31-stirring screening device, 311-mixing box, 3111-feed inlet, 3112-overflow outlet, 312-vortex box, 3121-water inlet, 313-buffer box, 3131-discharge outlet, 314-hollow shaft, 315-stirring blade, 316-driving structure, 317-conical head;
32-magnetic screening device, 321-connecting disc, 322-electric magnetic stripe, 323-sealing disc;
4-lead acid battery, 41-upper cover, 411-pole, 412-connecting bar, 413-liquid adding hole cover, 42-shell, 43-anode plate, 44-cathode plate, 45-bus bar and 46-clapboard.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the manner in which the present invention is made and the effects achieved, the following description of the present invention will be made in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
The embodiment mainly describes the overall structure of the invention, and the content is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 5, the comprehensive resource recovery device for the waste lead-acid battery 4 is composed of a position correcting mechanism 1, a decomposing mechanism 2, a crushing mechanism and a screening mechanism 3.
The position correcting mechanism 1 comprises a transmission belt 11, and a height-adjustable height-limiting roller 12 and a turnover device 13 are sequentially arranged in the motion direction of the transmission belt 11.
The disassembly mechanism 2 is composed of a first disassembly apparatus 21 and a second disassembly apparatus 22 which are arranged in this order in the transportation direction of the lead-acid battery 4.
The first decomposition device 21 comprises two first limiting frames 211 which are erected on the first sliding rails 2112 and correspond to the turning device 13 in position, and limiting rollers 2111 are arranged on the clamping and forcing sides of the two first limiting frames 211 in pairs.
The first splitting device 21 further comprises a second roller 212 arranged between the two first limiting frames 211 and butted with the turning device 13, a high-pressure water knife 213 arranged above the two first limiting frames 211 in pairs, a limiting clamp 214 arranged above the second roller 212 and corresponding to the high-pressure water knife 213, and a first water tank 215 arranged below the two first limiting frames 211.
The second decomposition device 22 includes erect on second slide rail 2214 and with the spacing 221 of the second of first spacing 211 butt joint, set up between the spacing 221 of second and with pusher 222 that second roller 212 position corresponds sets up the high pressure nozzle 223 in the spacing 221 outside of second to and set up the second basin 224 in the spacing 221 below of second and take screen 2241.
The second limit frame 221 is composed of a bottom frame 2212 and a top frame 2211 which is arranged on one side far away from the high-pressure nozzle 223 and connected with the bottom frame 2212 through a ball screw; the base and top frames 2212 and 2211 are provided with sliding balls 2213 on the side in contact with the lead-acid battery 4.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the turning device 13 is sequentially provided with a laser sensor 131 and a first roller 132 abutting against the conveyor belt 11 on the conveying path, with the conveying direction of the lead-acid battery 4 as the positive direction.
A turnover rod 133 capable of rotating around a shaft along a plane perpendicular to the transmission direction of the lead-acid battery 4 is arranged in the gap between the adjacent first rollers 132; an auxiliary roller 134 is arranged at one end of the first roller 132, which is close to the approaching direction of the turnover rod 133; the auxiliary roller 134 is provided with an auxiliary bevel 135 at the junction with the first roller 132 near the transfer area.
Because the length, width and height data of the lead-acid batteries 4 of different models are different, after the profile data of the lead-acid batteries 4 are determined, if the lead-acid batteries 4 are required to be transmitted in a mode that the upper cover 41 is laterally visited, the height limiting roller 12 is used for limiting the lead-acid batteries 4 on the transmission belt 11, and then the turnover device 13 is used for limiting the orientation of the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid batteries 4.
If the distance b between the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 and the bottom surface of the housing 42 is greater than the distance c between the two side surfaces of the housing 42 of the upper cover 41, the height of the laser sensor 131 needs to be adjusted in advance to be smaller than the distance b and greater than the distance c; at this time, when the lead-acid battery 4 passes through the turnover device 13 in a posture that the upper cover 41 faces upward or downward, the optical signal reception of the laser sensor 131 is blocked, and the turnover rod 133 is turned over, so that the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 faces a lateral direction, thereby facilitating the subsequent water jet cutting. The principle is the same when the distance b between the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 and the bottom surface of the housing 42 is smaller than the distance c between the two side surfaces of the housing 42 of the upper cover 41.
As shown in fig. 4, the limiting roller 2111 includes a main bar 21111 and a buffer bar 21112 both rotatably connected to the first limiting frame 211; the main rod 21111 is rotatably connected with one end of the buffer rod 21112 far away from the first limit bracket 211 through a connecting rod 21113 arranged on the main rod. A roller 21114 is arranged at the connection position of the main rod 21111 and the connecting rod 21113. A limiting plate 21115 is arranged at the joint of the main rod 21111 and the first limiting frame 211, which is close to the buffer rod 21112.
The limiting roller 2111 can limit the lead-acid battery 4 and reduce the vibration influence of the lead-acid battery 4 during cutting by the high-pressure water jet cutter 213. The most important functions of the limiting roller 2111 are: after the high-pressure water knife 213 cuts the upper cover of the lead-acid battery 4 and the bottom surface of the housing 42, the upper cover of the lead-acid battery 4 and the bottom surface of the housing 42 fall into the first water tank 215 along the gap between the first limiting frame 211 and the second roller 212, and at this time, the limiting roller 2111 can rebound in time under the action of the buffer rod 21112 to limit the lead-acid battery 4 in the first time.
As shown in fig. 6 in particular, the pushing device 222 includes a frame 2221 provided with a circular guide 2222, and a folding push plate 2223 is provided in the circular guide 2222. The annular guide rail 2222 has two rails along the transmission direction of the lead-acid battery 4, and the rail, in which the advancing direction of the folding push plate 2223 is the same as the transmission direction of the lead-acid battery 4, is located in the middle of the second limiting frame 221, so that it is ensured that the folding push plate 2223 can accurately push the lead-acid battery 4 to transmit.
As shown in fig. 7, the magnetic screening device 32 has the same main structure as the stirring screening device 31, except that:
the magnetic screening device 32 is composed of a mixing box 311 and a buffer box 313 located below the mixing box 311. The aperture convergence part of the mixing box 311 is tangentially provided with a water inlet 3121, the central axis position of the mixing box 311 vertical to the horizontal plane is provided with a hollow shaft 314 penetrating the top surface of the mixing box 311, and the hollow shaft 314 is connected with an external motor through a driving structure 316 which is arranged at the top of the mixing box 311 and is composed of a gear set. One end of the hollow shaft 314 close to the buffer tank 313 is connected with a connecting disc 321, and one edge of one side of the connecting disc 321 close to the buffer tank 313 is provided with a circle of electric magnetic strips 322 along the circumferential direction. And a sealing disc 323 is arranged on one side of the connecting disc 321 far away from the electric magnetic strip 322, and the distance between the sealing disc 323 and the connecting disc 321 is the same as the depth of the buffer tank 313 in the vertical direction.
In magnetic screening device 32, be difficult to through gravity separation's small-particle size metal material, plastics and rubber mixture, small-particle size metal material can adsorb gradually on electric magnetic stripe 322 under the suspension state, drive structure 316 can be periodic along with opening of discharge gate 3131 descends, when sealed dish 323 seals the junction of vortex case 312 and buffer tank 313, avoid in the continuous row material in-process to produce down torrent, to cutting off the power supply on the electromagnetic stripe 322, the small-particle size metal material that adsorbs on the electric magnetic stripe 322 at this moment will discharge together with the small-particle size metal material through gravity separation.
Specifically, the main body of the stirring and screening device 31 is composed of a mixing box 311, and a vortex box 312 and a buffer box 313 which are positioned below the mixing box 311. The mixing box 311 is provided with a feeding port 3111 and an overflow port 3112, the side surface of the vortex box 312 is provided with a water inlet 3121, and the bottom of the buffer box 313 is provided with a discharging port.
The mixing box 311 is provided with a hollow shaft 314 penetrating through the top surface of the mixing box 311 at a central axis position perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the hollow shaft 314 is connected with an external motor through a driving structure 316 which is arranged at the top of the mixing box 311 and is composed of a gear set. A conical head 317 for controlling discharge is arranged at the joint of the hollow shaft 314, which is close to the vortex box 312 and the buffer box 313, and a stirring blade 315 is arranged above the conical head 317.
Application example
The present application example is described based on the structure in the above embodiment, and is intended to clarify the work flow of the battery recycling of the present invention, and the specific contents are as follows:
s1, preparation before decomposition
Measuring the outline of the lead-acid battery 4 which is positioned on the conveying belt 11 and is about to enter the position correcting mechanism 1 by using a laser range finder to obtain the length a of the longest edge of the lead-acid battery 4, the distance b between the upper cover 41 and the bottom surface of the shell 42 and the distance c between the two side surfaces of the shell 42 which clamp and urge the upper cover 41;
feeding back profile data of the lead-acid batteries 4 to be processed in the same batch to a control center, wherein the control center adjusts the height of the height limiting roller 12 according to the feedback data, wherein the height of the height limiting roller is smaller than the length a and is larger than the distances b and c, the distance between the first limiting frame 211 and the second limiting frame 221 is equal to the distance b, the height of the top frame 2211 on the second limiting frame 221 is equal to the distance c, and the heights of the laser sensors 131 at the distances b and c can be distinguished;
s2 releasing electrolyte
In the process of lifting the lead-acid battery 4 to be processed to the position rectifying mechanism 1, the perforator is used for puncturing the shell 42 of the lead-acid battery 4, so that the electrolyte flows into the liquid storage tank;
s3, position correction
S31, adjusting the height of the height limiting roller 12, and when the lead-acid battery 4 to be processed passes through the height limiting roller 12, the lead-acid battery 4 standing on the transmission belt 11 is leveled by the height limiting roller 12;
s32, when the lead-acid battery 4 passes through the laser sensor 131, judging the orientation of the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 according to whether the laser sensor 131 can receive optical signals; if the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 faces the side, continuing to convey, and if the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 faces the upper side, starting the turnover rod 133 to turn over the lead-acid battery 4;
s4, water jet cutting
S41, the lead-acid battery 4 processed in the step S3 is transferred to the second roller 212 through the first roller 132, under the assistance of the limiting roller 2111, when the lead-acid battery 4 moves to the front of the high-pressure water jet cutter 213, the limiting clamp 214 moves downwards to fix the lead-acid battery 4, and the high-pressure water jet cutter 213 cuts off the upper cover 41 of the lead-acid battery 4 and the bottom surface of the shell 42;
s42, sinking the upper cover 41 cut in step S31 into the bottom of the first water tank 215, and floating the bottom surface of the housing 42 on the surface of the first water tank 215;
s5, high-pressure water flushing
The lead-acid battery 4 processed in step S4 is pushed by the pushing device 222 to move forward along the second limiting frame 221, and when passing through the high-pressure water flow sprayed from the high-pressure spray head 223, the anode plate 43, the cathode plate 44, the lead paste, and the residual electrolyte embedded in the housing 42 are all flushed down into the second water tank 224;
s6, classifying, crushing and collecting
S61, collecting the shell 42 floating on the surface of the first water tank 215, and crushing by using a cone crusher to obtain PP plastic;
s62, collecting the upper cover 41 which is sunk to the bottom of the first water tank 215, and crushing by using a hammer crusher to obtain a mixture of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastics, PE (polyethylene) plastics, rubber and metal waste;
s63, collecting grid plates of the lower anode plate 43 and the cathode plate 44 intercepted by the screen 2241 of the second water tank 224, and crushing to obtain a lead-antimony alloy material;
s64, collecting the shell 42 and the partition 56 processed in the step S5, and crushing to obtain PP plastic, PVC plastic or PE plastic mixture;
s7, collecting resources
S71, collecting metal materials: screening the mixture collected in the step S62 by using a screening mechanism 3, primarily separating large metal scraps by using a stirring and screening device 31, secondarily and thirdly separating small-particle-size metal scraps by using a magnetic screening device 32, and melting and recycling the separated metal scraps;
72. collecting rubber and plastic: collecting the PVC plastic, PE plastic, rubber and mixture obtained after the treatment of the step S71, ejecting the mixture onto a bounce board by a winch by using an ejection method, and separating the rubber from the plastic by using the difference of the rebound distances of the rubber and the plastic;
73. lead plaster collection: after being screened by the screen 2241, lead plaster can be collected at the bottom of the second water tank 224 in a centralized manner;
74. collecting lead-antimony alloy: the lead-antimony alloy may be collected via step S63;
75. collecting electrolyte: the electrolyte may be collected via step S2.
Examples of the experiments
The present experimental example is described based on the recovery method in the above application example, and is intended to demonstrate the specific effects of the present invention using a specific example.
The lead-acid battery has different types and mainly comprises a plastic shell, a rubber shell and a polypropylene shell, the waste lead-acid battery used in the experimental example is an electric vehicle lead-acid battery with the plastic shell, the waste lead-acid battery is purchased from an electric vehicle repair shop, the total weight is 7.1kg, the length a of the longest side is 180mm, the distance between the upper cover 41 and the bottom surface of the shell 42 is 165mm, and the distance between the upper cover 41 and the two side surfaces of the shell 42 is 80 mm.
The composition of each component of the lead-acid battery is shown in table 1, and the composition of grid plates and lead paste in the lead-acid battery is shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 composition of components of waste lead acid batteries
TABLE 2 grid plate and lead paste composition of waste lead acid batteries
As can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the weight of the lead-acid battery is mainly concentrated on the grid and lead paste of the plates, with about 60% lead, and the grid containing about 93% lead, 3% antimony, and very little other metals. Therefore, in order to obtain high-purity recovered lead, the grid is sieved and collected in step S63, and the lead paste is sieved and collected in step S63.
The lead-acid battery is split by using the splitting method in the application example, and the mass parts of the components are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Mass distribution of the constituents of lead-acid battery after disassembly
Name weight/kg mass percent/% original cell 7.10100 upper cover 0.334.65 casing 0.283.94 plate lead plaster 5.8281.97 separator 0.436.10 bus bar 0.162.25 total 7.0298.91 before disassembly
Before and after disassembly, the mass difference of the lead-acid battery is 0.08kg, which accounts for about 1.13% of the total mass, and the mass difference is inevitable material loss during material collection and transfer among the processes.
From tables 1, 2, and 3, it can be seen that most of the metal weight of the lead acid battery is concentrated on the plates, and the plastic and rubber weight is concentrated on the cover 41 and the case 42.
The density of the plastic is about 1.05g/cm 3, and the required settling velocities of the plastics with different particle sizes in different water conservancy intervals are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 required settling rates of plastics of different particle sizes in different water conservancy intervals
The weight of metal in the battery cover is mainly concentrated in the bus bar, the bus bar is mainly made of copper-aluminum alloy, the average density is about 6.1g/cm & lt 3 & gt, and the required settling rates of alloys with different particle sizes in different water conservancy intervals are shown in a table 5.
TABLE 5 required sedimentation velocity of different grain size alloys in different water conservancy intervals
Comparing the data in tables 4 and 5, it can be seen that the difference between the aggregate and the settling rates of plastics is greater when the particle size of the metal alloy is larger, but the settling rate of plastics having a particle size of 20mm is very close when the particle size of the alloy is 0.2 mm. In this case, since it is difficult to separate the metal and the plastic by using the gravity separation method, it is necessary to separate the metal and the plastic having small particle sizes with similar settling rates by using the magnetic sieving apparatus 32.
The recovery rates of the overflow from the overflow port 3112 and the sediment from the discharge port 3131 in the magnetic sieving apparatus 32 are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 recovery of the overflow and sediment fractions
As can be seen from the data in Table 6, the content of the plastic rubber in the overflow material is far higher than that in the precipitation material and reaches 99.28 percent; the content of the small-particle-size metal in the precipitation material is far higher than that in the overflow material and reaches 98.02 percent, which shows that the screening mechanism 3 designed by the invention can effectively separate the small-particle-size metal from the plastic rubber.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a be used for sour battery resource of useless lead to synthesize recovery unit comprises position correcting mechanism (1), decomposition mechanism (2), broken mechanism and screening mechanism (3), its characterized in that:
the position rectifying mechanism (1) comprises a conveying belt (11), and a height-adjustable height-limiting roller (12) and a turnover device (13) are sequentially arranged along the moving direction of the conveying belt (11);
the decomposition mechanism (2) is composed of a first decomposition device (21) and a second decomposition device (22) which are sequentially arranged along the transportation direction of the lead-acid battery (4);
the first decomposition device (21) comprises two first limiting frames (211) which are erected on first sliding rails (2112) and correspond to the turning device (13), and limiting rollers (2111) are arranged on clamping sides of the two first limiting frames (211) in pairs;
the first decomposition device (21) further comprises a second roller (212) which is arranged between the two first limiting frames (211) and is in butt joint with the turnover device (13), high-pressure water knives (213) which are arranged above the two first limiting frames (211) in pairs, limiting clamps (214) which are arranged above the second roller (212) and correspond to the high-pressure water knives (213) in position, and a first water tank (215) which is arranged below the two first limiting frames (211);
the second decomposition device (22) comprises a second limiting frame (221) erected on a second slide rail (2214) and butted with the first limiting frame (211), a pushing device (222) arranged between the second limiting frames (221) and corresponding to the second roller (212), a high-pressure spray head (223) arranged on the outer side of the second limiting frame (221), and a second water tank (224) arranged below the second limiting frame (221) and provided with a screen (2241);
the second limiting frame (221) consists of a bottom frame (2212) and a top frame (2211) which is arranged on one side far away from the high-pressure nozzle (223) and connected with the bottom frame (2212) through a ball screw; sliding balls (2213) are arranged on one surfaces, which are in contact with the lead-acid battery (4), of the bottom frame (2212) and the top frame (2211);
the screening mechanism (3) comprises a stirring screening device (31) and a magnetic screening device (32), and the magnetic screening device (32) comprises an electric magnetic strip (322) which can rotate automatically and is adjustable in position in the vertical direction;
the main body of the magnetic screening device (32) consists of a mixing box (311) and a buffer box (313) positioned below the mixing box (311);
a water inlet (3121) is tangentially arranged at the aperture convergence position of the mixing box (311), a hollow shaft (314) penetrating through the top surface of the mixing box (311) is arranged at the central axis position of the mixing box (311) vertical to the horizontal plane, and the hollow shaft (314) is connected with an external motor through a driving structure (316) which is arranged at the top of the mixing box (311) and consists of a gear set;
one end, close to the buffer tank (313), of the hollow shaft (314) is connected with a connecting disc (321), and a circle of electric magnetic strips (322) are arranged on the edge, close to the buffer tank (313), of one side of the connecting disc (321) along the circumferential direction;
one side of the connecting disc (321) far away from the electric magnetic stripe (322) is provided with a sealing disc (323), and the distance between the sealing disc (323) and the connecting disc (321) is the same as the depth of the buffer tank (313) in the vertical direction.
2. The recycling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the conveying direction of the lead-acid battery (4) is taken as the positive direction, and the turnover device (13) is sequentially provided with a laser sensor (131) and a first roller (132) butted with the conveying belt (11) on a conveying path;
a turnover rod (133) capable of rotating around a shaft along a plane vertical to the transmission direction of the lead-acid battery (4) is arranged in a gap between the adjacent first rollers (132); an auxiliary roller (134) is arranged at one end of the first roller (132) close to the approaching direction of the turnover rod (133); an auxiliary inclined plane (135) is arranged at the joint of the auxiliary roller (134) and the first roller (132) close to the transmission area.
3. The recycling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the limiting roller (2111) comprises a main rod (21111) and a buffer rod (21112) which are both rotatably connected to the first limiting frame (211); the main rod (21111) is rotatably connected with one end, far away from the first limit frame (211), of the buffer rod (21112) through a connecting rod (21113) arranged on the main rod;
a roller (21114) is arranged at the connection position of the main rod (21111) and the connecting rod (21113);
a limiting plate (21115) is arranged on one side, close to the buffer rod (21112), of the joint of the main rod (21111) and the first limiting frame (211).
4. A recovery device, as in claim 1, characterized in that said pushing means (222) comprise a frame (2221) provided with a circular guide (2222), said circular guide (2222) being provided with a folding pusher (2223).
5. A method for comprehensively recycling lead-acid battery resources by using the recycling device of any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation before decomposition
Measuring the profile of a lead-acid battery (4) which is positioned on a conveying belt (11) and is about to enter an error correction mechanism (1) by using a laser range finder to obtain the length a of the longest edge of the lead-acid battery (4), the distance b between an upper cover (41) and the bottom surface of a shell (42) and the distance c between two side surfaces of the shell (42) clamping the upper cover (41);
feeding back profile data of lead-acid batteries (4) to be processed in the same batch to a control center, adjusting the height of a height limiting roller (12) by the control center according to the feedback data, wherein the height of the height limiting roller is smaller than the length a and is larger than the distances b and c, the distance between a first limiting frame (211) and a second limiting frame (221) is equal to the distance b, the height of a top frame (2211) on the second limiting frame (221) is equal to the distance c, and the heights of laser sensors (131) at the distances b and c can be distinguished;
s2 releasing electrolyte
In the process of lifting the lead-acid battery (4) to be processed to the position rectifying mechanism (1), a perforator is used for puncturing a shell (42) of the lead-acid battery (4) so as to enable electrolyte to flow into a liquid storage tank;
s3, position correction
S31, adjusting the height of the height limiting roller (12), and when the lead-acid battery (4) to be processed passes through the height limiting roller (12), the lead-acid battery (4) standing on the transmission belt (11) is leveled by the height limiting roller (12);
s32, when the lead-acid battery (4) passes through the laser sensor (131), judging the orientation of the upper cover (41) of the lead-acid battery (4) according to whether the laser sensor (131) can receive the optical signal; if the upper cover (41) of the lead-acid battery (4) faces the lateral side, continuing to convey, and if the upper cover (41) of the lead-acid battery (4) faces the upper side, starting the turnover rod (133) to turn over the lead-acid battery (4);
s4, water jet cutting
S41, the lead-acid battery (4) processed in the step S3 is transmitted to a second roller (212) through a first roller (132) in the overturning device (13) and in butt joint with the transmission belt (11), under the assistance of a limiting roller (2111), when the lead-acid battery (4) moves to the front of a high-pressure water knife (213), a limiting clamp (214) moves downwards to fix the lead-acid battery (4), and the high-pressure water knife (213) cuts off an upper cover (41) of the lead-acid battery (4) and the bottom surface of a shell (42);
s42, sinking the upper cover (41) cut by the step S31 into the bottom of the first water tank (215), and floating the bottom surface of the shell (42) on the surface of the first water tank (215);
s5, high-pressure water flushing
The lead-acid battery (4) processed in the step S4 is pushed by the pushing device (222) to move forward along the second limiting frame (221), and when passing through the high-pressure water flow sprayed by the high-pressure spray head (223), the anode plate (43), the cathode plate (44), the lead paste and the residual electrolyte embedded in the shell (42) are flushed down into the second water tank (224);
s6, classifying, crushing and collecting
S61, collecting the shell (42) floating on the surface of the first water tank (215), and crushing by using a cone crusher to obtain PP plastic;
s62, collecting the upper cover (41) which is sunk to the bottom of the first water tank (215), and crushing by using a hammer crusher to obtain a mixture of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastics, PE (polyethylene) plastics, rubber and metal waste;
s63, collecting grid plates intercepted by a screen (2241) of a second water tank (224) and used for lowering the anode plate (43) and the cathode plate (44), and crushing to obtain a lead-antimony alloy material;
s64, collecting the shell (42) and the partition plate (56) processed in the step S5, and crushing to obtain PP plastic, PVC plastic or PE plastic mixture;
s7, collecting resources
S71, collecting metal materials: screening the mixture collected in the step S62 by using a screening mechanism (3), primarily separating the large metal waste by using a stirring screening device (31), secondarily and thirdly separating the small-particle-size metal waste by using a magnetic screening device (32), and melting and recycling the separated metal waste;
s72, collecting rubber and plastic: collecting the PVC plastic, PE plastic, rubber and mixture obtained after the treatment of the step S71, ejecting the mixture onto a bounce board by a winch by using an ejection method, and separating the rubber from the plastic by using the difference of the rebound distances of the rubber and the plastic;
s73, lead paste collection: after being screened by the screen (2241), lead plaster can be collected intensively at the bottom of the second water tank (224);
s74, collecting lead-antimony alloy: the lead-antimony alloy may be collected via step S63;
s75, collecting electrolyte: the electrolyte may be collected via step S2.
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| CN202110112481.5A CN112916584B (en) | 2021-01-27 | 2021-01-27 | Comprehensive recovery device and method for waste lead-acid battery resources |
| JP2021025902A JP6896207B1 (en) | 2021-01-27 | 2021-02-22 | Integrated recovery device and method for waste lead-acid battery resources |
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| CN113580017A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 格林美股份有限公司 | Water jet cutting equipment |
| CN113894734B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-03-10 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Disassembling mechanism and power battery pack disassembling system and method with same |
| CN114006068B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-12-27 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Pretreatment method for resource recovery of waste power lithium battery |
| CN115312901A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-11-08 | 芜湖天弋能源科技有限公司 | Operation method of recovery device for scrapping and recovering power battery |
| CN114014276A (en) * | 2021-11-06 | 2022-02-08 | 安徽省华鑫铅业集团有限公司 | A dirty sour recycle device for in old and useless storage battery |
| CN114054480B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-23 | 江苏科技大学 | Lead storage battery disassembling device for lead slime recovery |
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| GB2622694A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2024-03-27 | Hunan Brunp Recycling Tech Co Ltd | Orderly differentiated recycling and processing apparatus for waste batteries |
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